汽车与电气自动化精选文档.ppt
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1、汽车与电气自动化本讲稿第一页,共十二页 Benz 奔驰HONDA 本田AUDI 奥迪本讲稿第二页,共十二页兰博基尼The end本讲稿第三页,共十二页 Automotive Lighting The worlds first practical automobile was invented by Karl Benz in 1885.With a top speed of less than 10 miles per hour,only one major obstacle stood in its waydarkness.The“Benz Patent Motorwagen,”for all
2、 of its technological achievements,didnt have headlights.Automotive lighting refers to the illumination systems of the automobile.From headlights to taillights,blinkers to side markers,dashboards to vanity lights,modern automotive lighting has come a long way from Karl Benzs solutionthe gas lantern.
3、Lets look at the different types of bulbs that can currently be found in automobiles:IncandescentHalogen(Halogen).A halogen lamp also uses a(tungsten)metal filament,but it is encased inside a much smaller quartz bulb(the heated filament is so close to the walls of the bulb,that a bulb made of glass
4、would melt).The gas inside the bulb is halogen,a gas that actually helps extend the life of the filament and bulb through a recycling process that allows the bulb to last much longer than the tungsten counterpart.Since halogen bulbs burn hotter,they emit more light.Their visible light is also much w
5、hiter,allowing drivers to see further down the road.Under normal use,halogen bulbs will last approximately 60,000 miles of driving.High-IntensityDischarge(HID).The bluish tint you see on some vehicle headlights is created by a light technology that uses no filament.High-Intensity Discharge(HID)bulbs
6、,also commonly referred to as xenon headlights,create light by applying electricity to high-pressure gasxenon in this case.The gas is heated white hot,giving off visible light that appears nearly bluish-white in color.The color of the light is much closer to the color of sunlight,making it comfortab
7、le for the driver.The HID bulb uses less electricity,and lasts much longer than the other types of filament bulbs.HID bulb life is approximately 200,000 miles.本讲稿第四页,共十二页Whatbulbswill IfindinmyvehicleWhatbulbswill?In 1898,the first electric headlights appeared as an optionon some vehicles,but their
8、application was hardlywidespread.Cadillac introduced the first electrical lightingand ignitionsystemequipped with shock-resistant incandescent headlightbulbs in 1912.Shortly thereafter,nearly all vehicleswere exclusivelyusing incandescent bulbs,in headlights,interiorlightsand fordashboard illuminati
9、on.Replacing bulbs wascommonplace,as they burned out frequently.Todays headlights are typically halogen bulbs,with standard or focused lenses,placed behind plastic covers(for aerodynamics and bulb protection).Upscale vehicles are often equipped with HID headlights with an auto-leveling feature to en
10、sure that the light is directed properly for different vehicle-load conditions.Adaptive headlights,which were recently introduced,turn with the vehicle to aid illumination while cornering.Daytime running lights keep the headlights illuminated during the day for increased vehicle visibility in traffi
11、c.ThefutureofautomotivelightingThough HID technology seems optimal for headlight use,it is the light-emitting diode,or LED,that will be commonplace on nearly all automobiles in the future.Their low cost,small size and extreme reliability will allow them to become the“light of choice”for exterior and
12、 interior automotive lighting.As LED technology is still relatively new,advancements will soon increase light output by nearly 30 timesenough to even make LED headlights feasible.Like the gas lantern hung on the first automobile,it is just a matter of time before the traditional filament-based bulb
13、burns out completely.back本讲稿第五页,共十二页Rain-Sensing Wipers Windshield wipers,which have been standard equipment on most vehicles since 1916,were developed to improve visibility during inclement weather.For nearly 100 years,drivers operated the wipers with manual controls mounted on the dashboard.Today,
14、technology has made possible motorized windshield wipers that automatically recognize a developing visibility problem and clear the glass before the driver can react to the problem.The term“rain-sensing wipers”is commonly used for a system designed to clear the windshield of rain,snow,and debris wit
15、hout driver intervention.The system is programmed to automatically activate and alter the speed and rate of the wiper blades to keep outward visibility unobstructed at all times.A rain-sensing wiper system does not clean the windshield any better than a manual system;it simply monitors outward visib
16、ility and automatically activates the wipers.本讲稿第六页,共十二页Howdotheywork?Thetechnologybehindrain-sensingwipersisnotcomplicated.Asmallareaofthefrontwindshieldglassismonitoredbyanopticalsensor.Thesensorisdesignedtoprojectharmlessinfraredlightatthewindshieldatanangleandthenreadtheamountoflightthatisreflec
17、tedback.Acleanwindshieldwillreflectnearlyallofthelightback,whileawetordirtywindshieldwillcausethelighttoscatter.Theopticalsensorcandeterminethenecessaryfrequencyandspeedofthewindshieldwipersbymonitoringtheamountoflightreflectedbackintothesensor.Whatarethebenefitsofrain-sensingwipers?Thebenefitsofara
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