第3章组合逻辑电路设计PPT讲稿.ppt
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1、第3章组合逻辑电路设计第1页,共69页,编辑于2022年,星期一2022/9/212习题习题完成下列练习完成下列练习,其中标为红色的要用其中标为红色的要用Multisim完成完成:52,54,55,56,58,62.(第(第5章)章)3,4,5,28,29,30.第第3 3章章 组合逻辑电路设计(续)组合逻辑电路设计(续)第2页,共69页,编辑于2022年,星期一Chapter 3-Part 1 3OverviewPart 1 Design ProcedureStepsSpecificationFormulationOptimizationTechnology MappingBeginning
2、 Hierarchical DesignTechnology Mapping-AND,OR,and NOT to NAND or NORVerificationManualSimulation第3页,共69页,编辑于2022年,星期一Chapter 3-Part 1 4Overview(continued)Part 2 Combinational LogicFunctions and functional blocksRudimentary logic functionsDecoding using DecodersImplementing Combinational Functions wi
3、th DecodersEncoding using EncodersSelecting using MultiplexersImplementing Combinational Functions with Multiplexers第4页,共69页,编辑于2022年,星期一Chapter 3-Part 1 5Combinational CircuitsA combinational logic circuit has:A set of m Boolean inputs,A set of n Boolean outputs,andn switching functions,each mappin
4、g the 2m input combinations to an output such that the current output depends only on the current input valuesA block diagram:m Boolean Inputsn Boolean OutputsCombinatorialLogic Circuit第5页,共69页,编辑于2022年,星期一Chapter 3-Part 1 6Design Procedure1.SpecificationWrite a specification for the circuit if one
5、is not already available2.FormulationDerive a truth table or initial Boolean equations that define the required relationships between the inputs and outputs,if not in the specificationApply hierarchical design if appropriate3.OptimizationApply 2-level and multiple-level optimizationDraw a logic diag
6、ram or provide a netlist for the resulting circuit using ANDs,ORs,and inverters第6页,共69页,编辑于2022年,星期一Chapter 3-Part 1 7Design Procedure4.Technology MappingMap the logic diagram or netlist to the implementation technology selected5.VerificationVerify the correctness of the final design manually or usi
7、ng simulation 第7页,共69页,编辑于2022年,星期一Chapter 3-Part 1 8Design Example1.Specification BCD to Excess-3 code converterTransforms BCD code for the decimal digits to Excess-3 code for the decimal digitsBCD code words for digits 0 through 9:4-bit patterns 0000 to 1001,respectivelyExcess-3 code words for dig
8、its 0 through 9:4-bit patterns consisting of 3(binary 0011)added to each BCD code wordImplementation:multiple-level circuitNAND gates(including inverters)第8页,共69页,编辑于2022年,星期一Chapter 3-Part 1 9Design Example(continued)2.FormulationConversion of 4-bit codes can be most easily formulated by a truth ta
9、bleVariables-BCD:A,B,C,DVariables-Excess-3 W,X,Y,ZDont Cares-BCD 1010 to 1111第9页,共69页,编辑于2022年,星期一Chapter 3-Part 1 10Design Example(continued)3.Optimizationa.2-level usingK-mapsW=A+BC+BDX=C+D+BY=CD+Z=BCDA01324576121315148911101111XXXXXX1BCDA01324576121315148911101111XXXXXX1BCDA0132457612131514891110
10、1111XXXXXX1BCDA0132457612131514891110111XXXXXX11wzyxBCDBCDD第10页,共69页,编辑于2022年,星期一Chapter 3-Part 1 11Design Example(continued)3.Optimization(continued)b.Multiple-level using transformationsW=A+BC+BDX=C+D+BY=CD+Z=G=7+10+6+0=23Perform extraction,finding factor:T1=C+DW=A+BT1 X=T1+BY=CD+Z=G=2+1+4+7+6+0=1
11、9BCDBCDDBCDCDD第11页,共69页,编辑于2022年,星期一Chapter 3-Part 1 12Design Example(continued)3.Optimization(continued)b.Multiple-level using transformationsT1=C+DW=A+BT1 X =T1+BY =CD+Z =G=19An additional extraction not shown in the text since it uses a Boolean transformation:(=C+D=):W=A+BT1X=T1+B Y=CD+Z=G=2+1+4+
12、6+4+0=16!BCDCDDBT1DT1CDT1第12页,共69页,编辑于2022年,星期一Chapter 3-Part 1 13Design Example(continued)4.Technology Mapping Mapping with a library containing inverters and 2-input NAND,2-input NOR,and 2-2 AOI gates ABCDWXYZ第13页,共69页,编辑于2022年,星期一Chapter 3-Part 1 14Beginning Hierarchical DesignTo control the comp
13、lexity of the function mapping inputs to outputs:Decompose the function into smaller pieces called blocksDecompose each blocks function into smaller blocks,repeating as necessary until all blocks are small enoughAny block not decomposed is called a primitive blockThe collection of all blocks includi
14、ng the decomposed ones is a hierarchyExample:9-input parity tree(see next slide)Top Level:9 inputs,one output2nd Level:Four 3-bit odd parity trees in two levels3rd Level:Two 2-bit exclusive-OR functionsPrimitives:Four 2-input NAND gatesDesign requires 4 X 2 X 4=32 2-input NAND gates第14页,共69页,编辑于2022
15、年,星期一Chapter 3-Part 1 15Hierarchy for Parity Tree ExampleBOX0X1X2X3X4X5X6X7X8ZO9-Inputoddfunction(a)Symbol for circuit3-InputoddfunctionA0A1A2BO3-InputoddfunctionA0A1A2BO3-InputoddfunctionA0A1A2BO3-InputoddfunctionA0A1A2X0X1X2X3X4X5X6X7X8ZO(b)Circuit as interconnected 3-input odd function blocksBOA0
16、A1A2(c)3-input odd function circuit as interconnected exclusive-OR blocks(d)Exclusive-OR block as interconnected NANDs第15页,共69页,编辑于2022年,星期一Chapter 3-Part 1 16Reusable FunctionsWhenever possible,we try to decompose a complex design into common,reusable function blocksThese blocks areverified and wel
17、l-documentedplaced in libraries for future use第16页,共69页,编辑于2022年,星期一Chapter 3-Part 1 17Top-Down versus Bottom-UpA top-down design proceeds from an abstract,high-level specification to a more and more detailed design by decomposition and successive refinement A bottom-up design starts with detailed p
18、rimitive blocks and combines them into larger and more complex functional blocksDesign usually proceeds top-down to known building blocks ranging from complete CPUs to primitive logic gates or electronic components.Much of the material in this chapter is devoted to learning about combinational block
19、s used in top-down design.第17页,共69页,编辑于2022年,星期一Chapter 3-Part 1 18Technology MappingMapping ProceduresTo NAND gatesTo NOR gatesMapping to multiple types of logic blocks in covered in the reading supplement:Advanced Technology Mapping.第18页,共69页,编辑于2022年,星期一Chapter 3-Part 1 19Mapping to NAND gatesAss
20、umptions:Gate loading and delay are ignoredCell library contains an inverter and n-input NAND gates,n=2,3,An AND,OR,inverter schematic for the circuit is availableThe mapping is accomplished by:Replacing AND and OR symbols,Pushing inverters through circuit fan-out points,andCanceling inverter pairs第
21、19页,共69页,编辑于2022年,星期一Chapter 3-Part 1 20NAND Mapping Algorithm1.Replace ANDs and ORs:2.Repeat the following pair of actions until there is at most one inverter between:a.A circuit input or driving NAND gate output,andb.The attached NAND gate inputs.第20页,共69页,编辑于2022年,星期一Chapter 3-Part 1 21NAND Mappi
22、ng Example第21页,共69页,编辑于2022年,星期一Chapter 3-Part 1 22Mapping to NOR gatesAssumptions:Gate loading and delay are ignoredCell library contains an inverter and n-input NOR gates,n=2,3,An AND,OR,inverter schematic for the circuit is availableThe mapping is accomplished by:Replacing AND and OR symbols,Push
23、ing inverters through circuit fan-out points,andCanceling inverter pairs第22页,共69页,编辑于2022年,星期一Chapter 3-Part 1 23NOR Mapping Algorithm1.Replace ANDs and ORs:2.Repeat the following pair of actions until there is at most one inverter between:a.A circuit input or driving NAND gate output,andb.The attac
24、hed NAND gate inputs.第23页,共69页,编辑于2022年,星期一Chapter 3-Part 1 24NOR Mapping ExampleABCDEF(c)FABXCDE(b)ABCDEF(a)231第24页,共69页,编辑于2022年,星期一Chapter 3-Part 1 25Verification-show that the final circuit designed implements the original specificationSimple specifications are:truth tablesBoolean equationsHDL c
25、odeIf the above result from formulation and are not the original specification,it is critical that the formulation process be flawless for the verification to be valid!Verification第25页,共69页,编辑于2022年,星期一Chapter 3-Part 1 26Basic Verification MethodsManual Logic AnalysisFind the truth table or Boolean
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