脑卒中评价量表精选文档.ppt
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1、脑卒中评价量表本讲稿第一页,共四十九页主要内容GCSNIHSSmRSTIA常用评分ABCDABCD2ESSEN房颤患者常用评分本讲稿第二页,共四十九页格拉斯哥昏迷评分格拉斯哥昏迷评分(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)睁眼 自己睁眼 4 大声提问时睁眼 3 捏患者时睁眼 2 捏患者时不睁眼 1本讲稿第三页,共四十九页格拉斯哥昏迷评分格拉斯哥昏迷评分(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)运动反应 能执行简单命令 6 捏痛时能拨开医生的手 5 捏痛时能抽出被捏的肢体 4 捏痛时呈去皮质
2、强直 3 捏痛时呈去 大 脑 强 直 2 毫 无 反 应 1本讲稿第四页,共四十九页格拉斯哥昏迷评分格拉斯哥昏迷评分(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)言语反应 能正确会话 5 言语错乱,定向障碍 4 语言能被理解,但无意义 3 能发声,但不能被理解 2 不发声 1本讲稿第五页,共四十九页指导 Instruction:1a.意识水平(Level of Consciousness)研究者必须选择一个反应(The investigator must choose a response)量表定义 Scale Definition:0=反应敏锐
3、(Alert)1=嗜睡,最小刺激能唤醒患者(Not Alert,but arousable)2=昏睡或反应迟钝,需要强烈反复刺激或疼痛刺激才能 有非固定模式的反应 Not alert;requires repeated stimulation or painful stimuli(not stereotyped)3=仅有反射活动或自发反应,或完全没有反应、软瘫、无反射 (Responds only with reflex motor or autonomic effects)美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表NIH Stroke Scale本讲稿第六页,共四十九页指导 Instr
4、uction:1b意识水平提问LOC Questions 提问患者现在是几月,和他/她的年龄The patient is asked the month and his/her age量表定义 Scale Definition:0=回答都正确 Answers both questions correctly1=正确回答一个 Answers one question correctly2=两个回答都不正确 Answers neither question correctly美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表NIH Stroke Scale本讲稿第七页,共四十九页指导 Instruc
5、tion:1c.意识水平指令 LOC Commands要求患者睁开、闭上眼睛,并握紧、松开非残障手 The patient is asked to open and close the eyes and then to grip and release the non-paretic hand量表定义 Scale Definition:0=两个动作都完成正确Performs both tasks correctly1=正确完成一个动作Performs one task correctly2=两个都不能正确完成Performs neither task correctly 美国国立卫生院脑卒中量
6、表美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表NIH Stroke Scale本讲稿第八页,共四十九页指导 Instruction:2.凝视Best Gaze:只测试水平眼球运动。对自主或反射性(眼头)眼球运动记分。但不做冷热水反射(眼前庭反射)Only horizontal eye movements will be tested.Voluntary or reflexive(oculocephalic)eye movements will be scored but caloric testing is not done.量表定义 Scale Definition:0=正常 Normal1=部分凝视麻痹(单眼
7、或双眼凝视异常,但无被动凝视或完全凝视麻痹)Partial gaze palsy,gaze is abnormal is one or both eyes2=被动凝视或完全凝视麻痹(不能被眼头动作克服)Forced deviation,or total gaze paresis not overcome 美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表NIH Stroke Scale本讲稿第九页,共四十九页指导 Instruction:3.视野 Visual:正视患者,用手指数或视威胁方法检测上、下象限视野Visual fields(upper and lower quadrants)are
8、tested by confrontation,using finger counting or visual threat,as appropriate量表定义 Scale Definition:0=无视野缺失 No visual loss1=部分偏盲 Partial hemianopia2=完全偏盲 Complete hemianopia3=双侧偏盲(全盲,包括皮质盲)Bilateral hemianopia(blind includingcortical blindness)美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表NIH Stroke Scale本讲稿第十页,共四十九页指导 In
9、struction:4.面瘫 Facial Palsy:要求患者示齿、扬眉和闭眼Ask the patient to show teeth or raise eyebrows and close eyes量表定义 Scale Definition:0=正常对称动作 Normal symmetrical movements1=轻微瘫痪(鼻唇沟变平、微笑时不对称)Minor paralysis(flattened nasolabial fold)2=部分瘫痪(下面部完全或几乎完全瘫痪)Partial paralysis(total or near-total paralysis of lower
10、face)3=完全瘫痪 Complete paralysis美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表NIH Stroke Scale本讲稿第十一页,共四十九页指导 Instruction:5.上肢运动 Motor Arm:将肢体放至指定位置:伸展上肢(手掌向下)90度(坐位)或45度(仰卧位)。上肢10秒前下落记录为滑动。The limb is placed in the appropriate position:extend the arms(palms down)90(sitting)or 45(supine).Drift is scored if the arm falls be
11、fore 10 seconds.量表定义 Scale Definition:0=无下落No drift1=下落,肢体在90(或45)度能维持不超过10秒,下落Drift;limb holds 90(or 45)but drifts down2=能对抗一些重力,但不能达到或维持90(或45)度Some effort against gravity;limb cannot get to or maintain(if cued)90(or 45)3=不能对抗重力No effort against gravity4=无运动No movement美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表NIH S
12、troke Scale本讲稿第十二页,共四十九页指导 Instruction:6.下肢运动 Motor Leg:将肢体放至指定位置:伸展下肢30度(只测仰卧位)。下肢5秒前下落记录为滑动。The limb is placed in the appropriate position:hold the leg at 30 (always tested supine).Drift is scored if the leg falls before 5 seconds.量表定义 Scale Definition:0=无下落动 No drift1=下落,下肢不能维持5秒;下落不撞击床 Drift;leg
13、 falls by the end of the 5 second period but does not hit the bed2=能对抗一些重力,5秒内下落到床上 Some effort against gravity;leg falls to bed by 5 seconds3=不能对抗重力 No effort against gravity4=无运动 No movement美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表NIH Stroke Scale本讲稿第十三页,共四十九页指导 Instruction:7.共济失调 Limb Ataxia:双侧指鼻、跟膝胫试验,共济失调与无力明显不
14、成比例时记分。The finger-nose-finger and heel-shin tests are performed on both sides,ataxia is scored only if present out of proportion to weakness.量表定义 Scale Definition:0=没有共济失调 Absent1=一侧肢体有共济失调 Present in one limb2=两侧肢体有共济失调Present in two limbs美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表NIH Stroke Scale本讲稿第十四页,共四十九页指导 Inst
15、ruction:8.感觉 Sensory:用针尖刺激/撤除刺激观察昏迷或失语患者的感觉和表情。Sensation or grimace to pinprick when tested,or withdrawal from noxious stimulus in the obtunded or aphasic patient.量表定义 Scale Definition:0=正常(Normal)1=轻到中度感觉缺失,患侧针刺感不明显或为钝性或仅有触觉Mid-to-moderate sensory loss;patient feels pinprick is less sharp or is dul
16、l on the affected side2=严重到完全感觉缺失,面、上肢、下肢无触觉 Severe to total sensory loss;patient is not aware of being touched 美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表NIH Stroke Scale本讲稿第十五页,共四十九页指导 Instruction:9.命名、阅读测试Best Language:请患者描述图片中发生的事情,叫出物品名称、读出句子。The patient is asked to describe what is happening in the attached pict
17、ure,to name the items on the attached naming sheet and to read from the attached list of sentences.量表定义 Scale Definition:0=正常,无失语(No asphasia)1=轻到中度失语:流利程度和理解能力有一些缺损,但表达无明显受限。Mid-to-moderate aphasia:some obvious loss of fluency or facility of comprehension,without significant limitation on ideas exp
18、ressed or form of expression2=严重失语,所有交流是通过患者破碎的语言表达Severe asphasia;all communication is through fragmentary expression3=哑或完全失语(Mute,global aphasia)美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表NIH Stroke Scale本讲稿第十六页,共四十九页本讲稿第十七页,共四十九页本讲稿第十八页,共四十九页You know how.Down to earth.I got home from work.Near the table in the dini
19、ng room.They heard him speak on the radio last night.本讲稿第十九页,共四十九页指导 Instruction:10.构音障碍 Dysarthria:如果患者认为自己正常,让他/她读或重复附表上的单词。If patient is thought to be normal,an adequate sample of speech must be obtained by askingpatient to read or repeat words from the attached list.量表定义 Scale Definition:0=正常(No
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