2003年职称英语考试理工类(B级)试题及答案解析.doc

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1、,2003年职称英语等级考试试题及答案理工类B级第一部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1. The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.AforceBinfluenceCsurpriseDpower2. Can you follow the plot?AchangeBinvestigateCwriteDunderstand3. E

2、ven in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.AphysicalBmentalCnaturalDhard4. In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.AresultBjudgmentCdecisionDevent5. Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions.AstatementsBbeliefsCsuggestionsDclaims6. Up to now, the work has been

3、easy.ASoBSo longCSo thatDSo far7. The report advocated setting up day training colleges.AsupposedBexcitedCsuggestedDdiscussed8. Accordingly, a number of other methods have been employed.AThereforeBAfterwardsCHoweverDFurthermore9. The outlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.AviewBsightCl

4、ookDpoint10. Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.AtenselyBnearlyCcarefullyDclosely11. The union representative put across her argument very effectively.AexplainedBinventedCconsideredDaccepted12. He talks tough but has a tender heart.AheavyBstrongCkindDwild13. It is no use debating the rela

5、tive merits of this policy.AmakingBtakingCdiscussingDexpecting14. Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.AwasteBbuyCuseDsell15. The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.AfunctionBabilityCpowerDvolume第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

6、如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。The Threat to KiribatiThe people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth- literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has bee

7、n flooded by a sudden high tide. These tides, which swept across the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. “This never happened before,” say the older citizens of Kiribati.What is causing these mysterious high tides? The answer may well be global warming. When fuels

8、 like oil and coal are being burned, pollutants (污染物)are released; these pollutants trap heat in the earths atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers (冰川 )and polar (极地的) ice caps.If the trend continues, scientists say, many countries will s

9、uffer, Bangladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth of its land. The coral (珊瑚) island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, however, would face an even worse fate they would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these coral islands would be everyones loss. Coral formations

10、 are home to more species than any other place on earth.The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threatening their existence. They dont have the money for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they have no contr

11、ol over the pollutants, which are being released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.16. The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden high tide.A

12、RightBWrongCNot mentioned17. High tides used to attack Kiribati when there was strong wind or heavy rain.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned18. The heat released by burning oil and coal is the direct cause of global warming.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned19. Scientists are not sure how serious the effects of glob

13、al warming will be.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned20. The coral island nations of the Pacific have a long history of civilization.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned21. The people of the coral island nations are unable to do anything substantial about the problem of global warming.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned22. So

14、me industrialized countries are unwilling to spend money in reducing pollution.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 （第2330题，每题1分，共8分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2、3、5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Robots1 The most sophisticated(先进的)Japanese ro

15、bots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe.2 Although industrial robots were originally developed as devi

16、ces for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接), spray-painting and assembling components.3 In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make

17、robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.4 It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.5 It is estima

18、ted that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan.6 The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B.F. or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hour

19、s in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years.) One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample.7 The biggest single benefit of intro

20、ducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.AOngoing ResearchBExtension of UseCRobot HeroesDGreater ReliabilityEFalling DemandFHidden Danger23. Paragr

21、aph 2 _24. Paragraph 3 _25. Paragraph 5 _26. Paragraph 6 _27. Even the most sophisticated Japanese robots are _.28. Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because _.29. One disadvantage of using robots is that they consume _.30. The use of robots increases _.A too much energyB based on Amer

22、ican designsC they are too costlyD they are not reliableE quality controlF free of charge第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇 New Foods and the New WorldIn the last 500 years, nothing about people not their clothes, ideas, or languages

23、has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the coca tree (可可树)by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where c

24、hocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop f

25、ailed during the “Potato Famine(饥荒)” of 1845-1846, and thousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move to America.There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the worlds largest grower of

26、coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arab during the 1400s.According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a person name Kaldi noticed that his goats were

27、 attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the “wide-awake” feeling that one-third of the worlds population now starts the day with.31. According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?A. FoodB. ClothingC. Ideology.D. Langu

28、age.32. “Some” in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to A. some cocoa trees.B. some chocolate drinks.C. some shops.D. some south american indians.33. Thousands of Irish people starved during the “Potato Famine” becauseA. they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eat anythi

29、ng else.B. they were forced to leave their homeland and move to america.C. the weather conditions in ireland were not suitable for growing potatoes.D. the potato harvest was bad.34. Which country is the largest coffee producer?A. Brazil.B. Colombia.C. Ethiopia.D. Egypt.35. Which of the following sta

30、tements is NOT true, according to the passage?A. One third of the worlds population drinks coffee.B. Coffee is native to Colombia.C. Coffee can keep one awake.D. Coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.第二篇 Please Fasten Your SeatbeltsSevere turbulence (湍流) can kill aircraft passengers. Now, in test f

31、lights over the Rocky Mountains, NASA (美国航空航天局) engineers have successfully detected clear-air turbulence up to 10 seconds before an aircraft hits it.Clear-air turbulence often catches pilots by surprise. Invisible to radar, it is difficult to forecast and can hurl (用力抛出去) passengers about the cabin

32、. In December 1997, one passenger died and a hundred others were injured when unexpected rough air caused a United Airlines flight over the Pacific to drop 300 metres in a few seconds.However, passengers can avoid serious injury by fastening their seatbelts. “It is the only antidote (对策) for this so

33、rt of things,” says Rod Bogue, project manager at NASAs Dryden Flight Research Center in Edwards, California.The centres new turbulence detector is based on lidar, or laser radar, Laser pulses are sent ahead of the plane and these are then reflected back by particles in the air. The technique depend

34、s on the Doppler effect. The wavelength of the light shifts according to the speed at which the particles are approaching. In calm air, the speed equals the planes airspeed. But as the particles swirl (打漩) in rough air, their speed of approach increases or decreases rapidly. The rate of change in sp

35、eed corresponds to the severity (激烈程度) of the turbulence. In a series of tests that began last month, a research jet flew repeatedly into disturbed air over the mountain ridges (山脉) near Pueblo, Colorado. The lidar detector spotted turbulence between 3 and 8 kilometres ahead, and its forecasts of st

36、rength and duration corresponded closely with the turbulence that the plane encountered.Bogue says that he had “ a comfortable amount of time” to fasten his seatbelt. The researchers are planning to improve the lidars range with a more powerful beam. The system could be installed on commercial aircr

37、aft in the next few years.36. What does “clear-air turbulence” probably mean? (Paragraph 1)AA not very rough storm.BUnexpected disturbed air.CA kind of visible storm.DA storm over mountain ridges.37. In December 1997, a United Airlines flight hit unexpected rough air,Acausing a lot of damage to the

38、plane.Bthrowing its passengers out of the cabin.Cresulting in heavy casualties.Dforcing the pilot to make an emergency landing.38. The turbulence detector can tell the severity of the turbulence by measuringAthe speed of the plane.Bthe speed of the light.Cthe number of particles in the air.Dthe chan

39、ges of the particles speed.39. We can infer from the fifth paragraph thatAthe lidar detector can successfully forecast turbulence.Bresearchers are not sure about the effectiveness of the lidar detector.Cpassenger planes will be used in further experiments.Dno more test flights are needed.40. The las

40、t paragraph tells us, among other things, thatAthe lidar detector needs improvement.Bmany airlines are interested in the system.Cpassengers often forget to fasten their seatbelts.Dthe lidar detector can be used in a wide range of areas.第三篇 “Salty” Rice Plant Boosts HarvestsBritish scientists are bre

41、eding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more.Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex Universitys School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as

42、 rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty.The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into cro

43、ps, starting with rice.It is estimated that each year more than 100 hectares (公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长)plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (红树林) that create swamps (沼泽) and traditionally formed barriers

44、 to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透) in. in Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind.Excess salt then enters the

45、 plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive.To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not

46、 affect the plants growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use.Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to br

47、eed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.41 Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true?AThey are students at Sussex University.BThey are rice breeders.CThey are husband and wifeDThey are colleagues at