2015年度考研英语二真命题及答案解析(完全版).docx

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1、,2015年考研英语二真题及答案（完整版）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with - or even looking at - a stranger is virtually unbearable.

2、 Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to their phones, even without a 1 on a subway.Its a sad reality - our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings- because theres 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldnt know it, 3 into your phone.

3、This universal protection sends the 4 :“Please dont approach me.”What is it that makes us feel we need to hid 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, an executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as “weird.” We fear well be 7 . We f

4、ear well be disruptive.Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this uneasiness, we 10 to turn our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,” Wortmann says. “They are our happy glasses that

5、 protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .”But once we rip off the band-aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesnt12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters todo the unthinkable:“Start a 13 . They

6、 had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how the would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on thier own,” The New York Times summarizes. T

7、hough the participants didnt expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, “not a single person reported having been embarrassed.”18 these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of s

8、ocial connections. Its that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1.Aticket Bpermit Csignal Drecord2.Anothing Blittle Canother Dmuch3.Abeaten Bguided Cplugged Dbrought4.Amessage Bcode Cnotice Dsign5.Aunder Bbeyond Cbehind Dfrom6.Amisinterpreted Bmisapplied Cmisadjusted Dmismatched7.A

9、fired Bjudged Creplaced Ddelayed8.Aunreasonable Bungrateful Cunconventional Dunfamiliar9.Acomfortable B anxious C confident Dangry10.Aattend Bpoint Ctake Dturn11.Adangerous B mysterious Cviolent Dboring12.Ahurt B resist Cbend Ddecay13.Alecture Bconversation Cdebate Dnegotiation14.Atrainees Bemployee

10、s Cresearchers Dpassengers15.Areveal Bchoose Cpredict Ddesign16.Avoyage Bflight Cwalk Dride17.Awent through Bdid away Ccaught up Dput up18.AIn turn BIn particular CIn fact DIn consequence19. Aunless Bsince Cif Dwhereas20. Afunny Bsimple Clogical DrareSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:

11、Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C,or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys，people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured peoples cortisol, which is

12、a stress marker, while they were at were work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home.”Write one of the researchers, Sar

13、ah Damaske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes, “It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the

14、home have better health.What the study doesnt measure is whether people are still doing work when theyre at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who say home, they never get to leave the office

15、. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catchupwithhousehold tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, its not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But its not just

16、a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what theyre supposed to be doing： working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure; Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out lifesustaining moola.On the home f

17、ront, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done,there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleaguesyour familyhave no clear rewards for most of them. Your

18、home colleaguesyour familyhave no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if theyre teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, theyre your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So its not surprising

19、that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the coworkers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph 1，most previous surveys found that home .Awas an unrealistic place for relaxationBgenerated more stress than the workplaceCwas an ideal place for str

20、ess measurementDoffered greater relaxation than the workplace22.According to Damaske，who are likely to be the happiest at home?AWorking mothersBChildless husbandsCChildless wivesDWorking fathers23.The blurring of working womens roles refers to the fact that .Athey are both bread winners and housewiv

21、esBtheir home is also a place for kicking backCthere is often much housework left behindDit is difficult for them to leave their office24.The word “moola”(Tine 4，Para 4)most probably means .AenergyBskillsCearningsDnutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that .Ahome is hardly a cozie

22、r working environmentBdivision of labor at home is seldom clear-cutChousehold tasks are generally more motivatingDfamily labor is often adequately rewardedText 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college student those who do not have a parent with a college degree lag other students

23、 on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower than and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has creat

24、ed “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation student, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close.” An achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journa

25、l Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-g

26、eneration and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having parent with four-year college degree. Most of

27、 the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant of undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with four-year degree.Their thesis that a relatively modest intervention could have a

28、 big impact was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close t

29、he achievement gap.Many first-generation students “struggled to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the rules of the game, and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when colleges dont talk about the class advantages and disadvan

30、tages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students educational experiences, many first-generation students lack of sight about why they are struggling and do not understand students like them can improve.”26. Recruiting

31、 more first-generation students has .A. reduced their dropout ratesB. narrowed the achievement gapC. missed its original purposeD. depressed college students27. The author of the research article are optimistic because .A. the problem is solvableB. their approach is costlessC. the recruiting rate ha

32、s increasedD. their findings appeal to students28. The study suggests that most first-generation students .A. study at private universitiesB. are from single-parent familiesC. are in need of financial supportD. have failed their college29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation studen

33、ts .A. are actually indifferent to the achievement gapB. can have a potential influence on other projectsC. may lack opportunities to apply research projectsD. are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph that .A. universities often reject the culture

34、 of their middle-classB. students are usually to blame for their lack of resourcesC. social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences.D.colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText 3Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more

35、emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There w

36、ere goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didnt talk about energy; we didnt talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-orientedand not by coincidence. “Lets not forget sportsin male-dominated corporate America, its still a big

37、 deal. Its not explicitly conscious; its the idea that Im a coach, and youre my team, and were in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”These terms are also intended to infuse w

38、ork with meaningand, as Khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana.This new focus on pe

39、rsonal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still cant have it all and books like Sheryl Sandbergs Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in

40、 its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” youll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the

41、 kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think its nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace thats fun

42、damentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your workand how your work defines who you are.31. According to Nancy Koehn ,office languages become_.A more emotionalB more objectiveC less energeticD less strategic32.”Team”-oriented corpora

43、te vocabulary is closely related to_.A historical incidentsB gender differenceC sports cultureD athletic executives33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to_.A revive historical termsB promote company imageC forster corporate cooperationD strengthen employee loyalty34.It can be

44、 inferred that Lean In_.Avoices for working womenB appeals to passionate workaholicsC triggers debates among mommiesD praises motivated employees35.Which of the following statements is ture about office speak?AManagers admire it but avoid it.B Linguists believe it to be nonsense.CCompanies find it t

45、o be fundamental.D Regular people mock it but accept it.Text 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent

46、pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working p

47、art-time. This figure is now 830,000 (4.4 percent) above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the