高考英语阅读题型加强练之说明文 议论文专题.doc

《高考英语阅读题型加强练之说明文 议论文专题.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语阅读题型加强练之说明文 议论文专题.doc（14页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、高考英语阅读题型加强练之说明文+议论文专题（A）Whats the deal with new words? Where do they come from and how do they go from unknown to official?First, new words have to circulate in culture to make it into the dictionary. They have to be used and understood. Words have a much better chance of getting added to the dictio

2、nary if you see them in print or hear them in conversation. Its actually a full-time job to search popular communication to figure out what new words are surfacing in our vernacular(方言). Lexicographers get to decide which words make it into the dictionary, and they do so by reading widely across ind

3、ustries and disciplines. However, they also make decisions about which idioms make it in.Dictionaries can sometimes get over 1,000 new words per year. In 2019 the Merriam-Webster added over 600 in April and another 500+ in September. After lexicographers decide which words will be included, they wri

4、te a new definition. Some existing words also gain additional meanings, and there are usually thousands of revisions. The dictionary is a constantly changing work in progress, just like the language it describes and defines. For instance, the word “peak” recently went from being just a sharp, pointe

5、d end to also being something at the height of popularity. Occasionally fake words actually end up in the dictionary by mistake.If you have a word that you think should be in the dictionary, youre welcome to get in touch with the lexicographers and suggest it. However, the word needs to be fairly po

6、pular. It has to have “widespread, frequent, meaningful usage”. For instance, OMG was added to the dictionary in 2009 after lexicographers had observed it in general use for about 15 years.New words spring from new technologies and disciplines, but theyre very often invented by authors and writers w

7、ho love language and play with it to create new meanings. One of the greatest creators was William Shakespeare who created over 1,700 new words often by adapting usage and using new compounds. Hes responsible for words like eyeball, excitement, fashionable, and lonely. “Hard-boiled” was invented by

8、Mark Twain.1.What kind of new words can be included in dictionaries?A.Words which have been widely used for long.B.Words which were created by famous writers.C.Words which have been spoken by some locals.D.Words which frequently appear in a private conversation.2.What does the underlined word “Lexic

9、ographers” in the first paragraph probably mean?A.New word creators. B.Writers of a dictionary.C.Specialists in language. D.Historians on ancient cultures.3.What does the author think of a dictionary?A.Quite ambiguous. B.Error-free.C.Extremely rigid. D.Gradually developing.4.What is the best title f

10、or the text?A.How the Dictionary Is RevisedB.How New Words Spread in CultureC.How Words Get Added to the DictionaryD.How New Words Are Invented by Famous Authors（B）Heres the bad news:Men are hurting. According to many researchers, masculinity (男子汉气概) is hurting them and making it hard for them to ke

11、ep their friendship. This society tells them from boys to men to hide their feelings, so many men gradually lose their friendship while growing up. And the good news is that there are a lot of experts who can help and some useful skills are recommended.First, you should learn to accept your masculin

12、ity and make it normal for the people in your life. Experts have recommended sharing articles about masculinity and friendship with others so that you can be understood by your friends. Dont hesitate;just try to share, friends!Then, you may show your vulnerability (脆弱). Say the thing that scares you

13、, like “Im afraid nobody will go to my party” or “I miss my grandma every day”. Doing so will make it OK for other people to follow your lead. We are all on the elevator to a society where emotional availability is normalized, and I want you to press “door open”.You can also ask more questions. Peop

14、le sometimes feel they might be curious if they ask someone about themselves, especially when their friend is sharing something tough. But if you get curious in moments of vulnerability, you will open the door to all kinds of growth in your relationship. Take the opportunity to really see your frien

15、ds and show them they matter by following up.Finally, getting close to the children in your life is so important. Research says that the first thing that helps children grow up to have enriching friendship is to be close to an adult relative who is not afraid to express emotions. So, if youre a pare

16、nt, take the opportunity to be close to them and help them grow up to be good friends, too.1.What hurts men according to the text?A.Mens vulnerability. B.The society.C.Mens friendship. D.Masculinity.2.Why should men try to share articles?A.To get rid of masculinity. B.To be understood.C.To make new

17、friends. D.To influence others.3.What does the underlined phrase mean in Paragraph 3?A.To open the door. B.To show your strength.C.To open your heart. D.To begin the conversation.4.What is the text mainly about?A.The ways of teaching men to hide their sorrow.B.The reasons for letting men give up the

18、ir masculinity.C.The ways of helping men maintain their friendship.D.The reasons for asking men to show their true feelings.（C）Do you still remember the scene in the famous movie Titanic, directed by Cameron, where Jack froze to death in the icy cold water so that Rose could survive on the floating

19、door alone? It broke many peoples heart.Two decades later, people are still asking the question, “Wasnt there enough room on the door for both of them?”Cameron once responded by saying it wasnt a question of room, but buoyancyif both of them had tried to stay on the raft, he argued, the whole thing

20、would have sunk.But several guys from “MythBusters”, an Australian-American science entertainment television program, decided to test the theory themselves. They discovered that if Rose had taken off her life jacket to the bottom of the raft, there would have been enough buoyancy to keep both of the

21、m afloat.When they presented their findings to Cameron, the director insisted that Jack couldnt be saved.“The answer is very simple,” Cameron said, “because it says on Page 147 of the script that Jack dies.” To Cameron, it was an artistic choice to have the beloved character of millions, Jack drown

22、into the cold sea. Jack had to die because Cameron thought it would be best if we did.“It was an artistic choice;the thing was just big enough to hold her, and not big enough to hold him,” Cameron said. “I think its all kind of silly, really, that were having this discussion 20 years later. But it d

23、oes show that the film is effective in making Jack so endearing to the audience that it hurts them to see him die. The film is about death and separation; he has to die.”Since Jack was doomed to die, Cameron said, it could have happened in a variety of different ways. Its not about the door not bein

24、g big enough;thats just a practical method for his death. “Whether it was that, or a chimney fell on him, he was going down,” Cameron said. “Its called art: things happen for artistic reasons, not for physics reasons.”1.What do we know about the character Jack according to the text?A.He intended to

25、kill himself. B.He sacrificed himself to save Rose.C.He didnt have money to buy tickets. D.He lacked a basic knowledge of physics.2.According to Cameron, why did the audience argue about Jacks death for 20 years?A.They are fragile people. B.They dont like the movie.C.They love the character Jack. D.

26、They are crazy about physics.3.Why was a chimney mentioned in the last paragraph?A.To introduce the structure of the ship. B.To show the original plan of the movie.C.To present the missing part of the movie. D.To explain the unchangeable fate of Jack.4.What is the best title of the text?A.Jack in Ti

27、tanic Must DieB.Big Enough for BothC.Cameron Is WrongD.Jack Could Survive（D）The United States Space Agency, NASA, says its Mars exploration vehicle recently recorded a high level of methane (甲烷) gas on the planet. The discovery is exciting because the presence of methane gas could support the case f

28、or life on Mars.NASAs Curiosity vehicle recently recorded the largest level of methane ever measured during its seven-year Mars mission.Methane has no color or smell. A special instrument on Curiositys Mars Science Laboratory recorded the increased gas level. In addition to methane, the instrument c

29、an record levels of water and carbon dioxide.Nearly all the methane gas found in Earths atmosphere is produced by biological activity. It usually comes from animal and plant life. But it can also be formed by geological processes, such as interactions between rocks and water.It was not the first tim

30、e that Curiosity had found methane gas in the Martian atmosphere. About a year ago, NASA announced that Curiosity had discovered sharp seasonal increases in the gas. This time, NASA said the measured methane gas level was clearly larger than any others observed in the past. NASA officials even tempo

31、rarily stopped Curiositys other activities to investigate further.However, Curiositys team carried out a follow-up methane experiment that showed a sharp drop in levels of the gas. The rise and fall of the methane gas levels left NASA scientists with more questions than answers. The scientists are c

32、ontinuing to study possible causes for the sudden increase.Curiosity does not have instruments that can exactly identify whether the source of the methane is biological or geological. One leading theory is that methane is being released from underground areas created by possible life forms that disa

33、ppeared long ago. Even though Mars has no active volcanoes, scientists believe it is also possible that methane is being produced by reactions involving carbon materials and water.1.Why is the discovery of a high level of methane gas on Mars exciting?A.It is a very rare gas on Mars. B.Its evidence o

34、f life existence.C.It can be used in further studies. D.It proves the existence of water.2.What do we know about methane gas on the earth?A.It is different from that on Mars. B.It is mainly created by rocks and water.C.It mainly comes from living things. D.It is as important as water and carbon diox

35、ide.3.What brought more puzzles to NASA scientists?A.Sharp changes of methanes amount on Mars.B.The first time to find methane gas on Mars.C.Methane gas discovered several times on Mars.D.The sharp drop in levels of the methane gas on Mars.4.What is the last paragraph mainly about?A.Volcanoes erupti

36、ng on Mars. B.Instruments equipped on Curiosity.C.Possible life forms on Mars long ago. D.Possible sources of methane on Mars.（E）Those driving forward the movement of paying college athletes are forgetting the reason one goes to college:to get an education.In an era struggling for competitive balanc

37、e, how would the National Collegiate Athletic Association(NCAA)keep from giving schools like Kentucky and Alabama even more of a competitive advantage than schools like Valparaiso and Florida Gulf Coast? The issue gets complicated when taking into consideration how the salary difference between diff

38、erent teams gets decided.Even worse, imagine athletes just coming to college for money. We call college athletes amateurs. Oxfords definition of a amateur is “a person who engages in a pursuit, especially a sport, on an unpaid basis”. The keyword is unpaid. The history of the word “amateur” dates ba

39、ck to the French word “amator”, which means lover. Essentially, college athletes should be playing their sports for the love of the game, not the money that would be given to them.Rules should not be made for the minority, and in this instance only two percent of athletes play professional sports. T

40、he expected career span of that two percent is 10 years, and three and a half years in the National Football League(NFL). An astonishing 80 percent of retired NFL players go broke within three years of retirement, 60 percent in the NBA within five years. This is why the NCAA and its member instituti

41、ons should apply a “stay and learn” rule.This rule should state that if athletes choose to come to college, they will get paid in scholarships that last for the entire educational process and the athletes must stay in school until they earn a degree in the area of study they choose. That money from

42、going professional is going to run out sometime, but the degree will always be there.Look at college athletics for what it is and should always be, a high-pressure learning environment and an avenue to earn an education. A much more fun extension of the classroom if you will. After all, they are cal

43、led student-athletes.1.How can the salary difference influence college teams?A.It is likely to promote cooperation. B.It can increase their independence.C.It can lead to more communication. D.It will probably cause more imbalance.2.Why does the author give explanations to the word “amateur”?A.To giv

44、e an individual comment. B.To confirm the origin of the word.C.To make the point more authoritative. D.To provide an example for the argument.3.How will college athletes benefit from the “stay and learn” rule?A.Increase their earnings. B.Get trained for scholarships.C.Ensure themselves to get a degr

45、ee. D.Continue their professional careers.4.What does the author mainly argue about in the text?A.For money or for career? B.A college education or not?C.Going professional or being amateur? D.Paying college athletes or not?（F）There was no one quite like my father in our town. When any other man had

46、 an extra dollar, he bought a drink;when Father had an extra dollar, he bought a book. Other people had pictures on their walls; we had books, 3,000 of them, lining every vertical surface of our little four-room house.Father was the most persistent scholar I ever knew. He earned seven degrees, atten

47、ded 11 different colleges and universities, and in 1951, when he was 82, sent us a cheerful little note from England to say that he had just enrolled for a graduate course in Elizabethan literature at Oxford.I was the immediate beneficiary of Fathers unbelievable hunger to learn. Every spring, he would take me hiking through the mountains to study mineral formations. On clear winter nights, he would set up a telescope and wake me to view the stars. After I grew up, wherever I traveled around this earth, the stars remained my friends.Plain, distinct speech was a partic