Unit 1 Section I同步检测人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第二册.doc

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1、Section Reading and Thinking (1)阅读理解。第一节ANot all research begins with a plan.Some studies begin by accident. Meredith Schafer says that is what happened to her and Cynthia Sagers.Cynthia Sagers is a biology professor at the University of Arkansas. Meredith Schafer is a graduate student.They were tra

2、velling in the state of North Dakota on a project. They noticed pretty yellow flowers.They recognised them as canola. Farmers grow canola for seeds to make cooking oil.But the canola plants they saw were not growing in farm fields. They were growing along the road.The researchers decided to test the

3、 plants. They had brought along special testing papers for the project they were working on.The results showed that the weedy canola plants contained genetic changes. If a plant is genetically modified, that means its genes have been changed to produce desired qualities.Then the researchers from Ark

4、ansas went back to North Dakota. This time they went on a road trip to find canola. They travelled more than 5 thousand kilometres.What they found, they say, was the first discovery in the United States of wild canola plants with modified genes.The scientists found canola plants in almost half of th

5、e places they investigated. They tested a total of 288 plants. They found that 80% of those plants contained genes from genetically engineered canola.Some crop plants are modified to resist damage from the chemicals that farmers spray to kill weeds. There are two proteins that can give canola the ab

6、ility to resist two commonly used weed killers. One protein gives resistance against glyphosate. The other protein gives resistance against glufosinate.1. Which of the following about Meredith Schafer is NOT true?A. Meredith Schafer is a female.B. Meredith Schafer is a graduate student.C. Meredith S

7、chafer is the first person who discovered wild canola plants with modified genes in the US.D. Meredith Schafer comes from the state of North Dakota.2. How many plants tested by the researchers contained genes from genetically engineered canola?A. About 58 plants.B. About 230 plants.C. 288 plants.D.

8、More than 5,000 plants.3. Glyphosate and glufosinate are two kinds of .A. weed killersB. proteinsC. crop plants D. genesBEdmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets(彗星) which other scientists had made.The orbit of one particular comet wa

9、s a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.However, Halley had a friend named Newton,who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on whi

10、ch he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse(椭圆).Now Halley set to work. He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all

11、 had the same orbit. Yet their appearance had been 75 to 76 years apart.This seemed very strange to Halley. The different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets, as people thought. He decided that they had

12、simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction(预言) of what would happen in the future. He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halle

13、ys prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that comet has been called Halleys comet, in his honour.4. How did Halley make his discovery?A. By doing experiments.B. By means of his own careful observat

14、ion.C. By using the work of other scientists.D. By chance.5. When did Halley make a surprising, but correct prediction?A. In 1704. B. In 1705.C. In 1706. D. In 1707.6. What is the text mainly about?A. Halley and other scientists.B. The orbit of a comet.C. Newton and Halley.D. Halley and his discover

15、y.CHere is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone cant make us tired. It sounds absurd. But a few years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labour without reaching a stage of fatigue(疲劳). To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood pa

16、ssing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day labourer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products. But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.So f

17、ar as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning. The brain is totally tireless. So what makes us tired?Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情感的) attitudes. One of Engl

18、ands most outstanding scientists, J. A. Hadfield, says, “The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin. In fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.” Dr. Brill, a famous American scientist, goes even further. He declares, “One hundred percent of the fatigue of a sit

19、ting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? Joy? Satisfaction? No! A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciatedthose are the emotions that tire sitting workers. Hard work by itself seldo

20、m causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.7. What surprised the scientists a few years ago?A. Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a labourers blood.B. Albert Einstein didnt feel worn out after a days work.C. A mental workers blood was filled with fatigue

21、 toxins.D. The brain could work for many hours without fatigue toxins.8. According to the author, which of the following can make sitting workers tired?A. Challenging mental work.B. Endless tasks.C. Unpleasant emotions.D. Physical labour.9. Whats the authors attitude towards the scientists ideas?A.

22、He/She doubts them.B. He/She agrees with them.C. He/She argues against them. D. He/She hesitates to accept them.第二节根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Do you want to be a scientist?If youd like to be one, you should lay the foundation(基础) for the task ahead. 10Take the necessary classes in high

23、 school. Youll need to do well in mathematics. 11 You can also consider going to a science camp during high school. There youll do more intensive projects than you do in your regular science classes in school.Start out with the basics in college. Youll need to take basic courses in biology, chemistr

24、y and physics to equip yourself with the basics of each science, as well as the scientific method of observing and experimenting. Skills in one or two foreign languages may be helpful as well, in order to read older scientific papers that are written in foreign languages. 1213 After youve gotten you

25、r feet wet and youre familiar with the directions this work could take you, choose a major in a more specific(具体的) branch of science.Develop your writing skills. Youll also need to write well as a scientist, both to get money for your research and to publish your results in scientific magazines. 14

26、Always be reading scientific journals and keep up with the field. Youll be in those journals yourself, in time. Look over their work for structure and the basics of a good scientific paper. A. Get a higher education. B. Be patient, and think creatively. C. Theres a guide for the preparation work. D.

27、 Choose a major in a field that interests you. E. Scientists in the physical sciences use a great deal of mathematics.F. The most helpful languages to learn include French, German and Russian. G. Classes in English in high school and technical writing in college will help you improve your skills.Rea

28、ding and Thinking (2)基础测评. 单句语法填空。1. The vaccine was used to protect the whole population against (infect). 2. Not his teachers but the student himself is to (blame) for his failure in the exam.3. Police statistics show that violent crime is the decrease.4. The information from the robots on Mars ha

29、s given a scientific (prove)whether water exists there. 5. The boy was curious about how the waste paper was transformed model kites.6. The fire had (severe) damaged the warehouse before the firefighters arrived.7. He was suspected giving away government secrets to the enemy.8. All the doors are fre

30、e of (handle) and can open automatically.9. I helped him (pure) out of friendship.10. The forest fire is likely (lose) control if no effective measures can be taken. 用方框中所给短语的正确形式填空。subscribe to, attend to, in general, used to,be to blame, so that, in time, thanks to,die from, be determined to1. Som

31、etimes parents for their childrens bad behaviour at school.2. Many wild animals including birds have the forest fire in Australia.3. The suspect the fact that he had entered the victims room.4. , a learned man makes fewer mistakes in life than a man without knowledge.5. Many graduates donated their

32、used books more students can benefit from their kind behaviour.6. Doctors from across the country are the patients at the risk of getting infected.7. Encouraged by the story of the great scientist, Linda carry on her education.8. The cause of the power failure was found out after a one-hour examinat

33、ion.9. your timely warning, we avoided wasting a lot of time in carrying out the project.10. My family live in the city but now we have moved to the countryside. 语法填空。In the times of Queen Victoria people were exposed to cholera, a deadly disease. Neither its cause nor its cure 1. (know). Once there

34、 was 2. outbreak, so many thousands of terrified people died. John Snow, a well-known doctor who once attended 3. the queen, was determined 4. (solve) the problem. One of the 5. (theory) said that cholera was caused by germs in food or water. He subscribed to it 6. he needed proof. He made a map, 7.

35、 (mark) the exact places where the victims had lived. As a result, he could announce the 8. (true) that what was to blame for it was the water from the pump. Later, through investigation, he found people were 9. (little) likely to get cholera if they drank pure or boiled water. Thanks to John Snow,

36、“King Cholera” was defeated 10. the way scientists study diseases was also transformed. 提升测评. 阅读理解。Robert Jarvik,born on May 11, 1946 in Michigan and raised in Stamford, is a medical scientist and researcher, who played an important role in the invention of the artificial heart. He was interested in

37、 medicine from a young age. He watched his father perform operations and gained a patent(专利权) for a machine applied in the medical operation before he graduated from high school. Jarvik attended Syracuse University and considered a career in art. When his father developed heart disease suddenly, he

38、decided then to work on a medical career. He applied to medical schools, but was not admitted to any schools in the US. Before long, he was admitted to the medical school in Italy and stayed there for two years. He returned to get a degree in medicine from New York University in 1971. After working

39、for a period of time, Jarvik got a job in the organ transplant(器官移植) programme at the University of Utah in 1972. He worked with the director of the programme, Willem Kolff, who invented the kidney dialysis(肾透析) machine. By the time Jarvik came to the University of Utah, the organ programme had alre

40、ady developed the primary artificial heart. He improved it by creating a diaphragm(横膈膜), which solved many issues with the heart. Eventually, he created the first artificial heart in 1981, the Jarvik-7, to be placed in a human patient, which was considered one of the most important inventions in hum

41、an history. Barney Clark, a retired dentist suffering from serious heart disease, received the Jarvik-7 transplant on December 2, 1982. He lived for 112 days after the operation, but the transplant was considered a success. 1. How does the author develop the text?A. By comparing opinions from differ

42、ent fields.B. By following the natural time order.C. By discussing research experiments.D. By presenting some research results.2. What do you know about Robert Jarvik from the text?A. He was good at observation and made an invention when he was young.B. He was born and raised in the same place where

43、 his parents worked.C. He began to help his father from a young age when he performed operations.D. He was admitted to an American medical school soon after he graduated from college.3. What is the greatest achievement for Robert Jarvik as a medical scientist?A. He created the first artificial heart

44、 in 1981.B. He invented the kidney dialysis machine.C. He did the first heart transplant operation.D. He created a diaphragm to fit inside a heart. 完形填空。Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full 1 of the facts

45、 he observes. He doesnt accept ideas which are not 2 on obvious facts, and therefore refuses to accept authority as the only reason for truth. He always checks ideas 3 and makes experiments to prove them.The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to 4 as far back as the time of Roger Bacon

46、, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford,who lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to 5 that we should learn science 6 observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself 7 many important truths.Galileo (1564-1642), 8, who lived more than 30

47、0 years later, was the greatest of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, who began to show how many important 9 could be discovered by observation by degrees. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more rapidly towards the earth than small ones, 10 Aristotle

48、said so. But Galileo, going to the 11 of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two unequal metal balls and proved Aristotle was wrong. It is Galileos spirit of going direct to nature, and proving our 12 and theories by experiment, that has 13 all the discoveries of modern science.What 14 those people good scientists? From the example of Galileo, we know clearly that 15 scientists are those whos