2019高考英语一轮核心考点探究与练习教材复习篇Unit4Earthquakes含解析新人教版必修1.doc

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1、Unit 4Earthquakes李仕才【短文语法填空】One night four college kids 1. (stay) out late，partying and having a good time.They paid no attention 2. the test that had been scheduled for the next day and didnt study.In the morning，they hatched a plan to get out of 3. (take) their test.They covered 4. (they) with gre

2、ase(润滑油) and dirt and went to the Deans office 5. (nervous). Once there，they said they 6. (be) to a wedding the previous night and on the way back they got 7. flat tire and had to push the car back to campus.The Dean listened to their sad story and got lost in deep 8. (think)Then he offered them a r

3、etest three days later.They thanked him and accepted his offer.9 the test day arrived，they went to the Dean.The Dean put them all in separate 10. (room) for the test.They were fine with this since they had all studied hard.Then they saw the test.It had 2 questions.(1)Your Name (1 Points)(2)Which tir

4、e burst？ (99 Points)Options(a)Front Left (b)Front Right (c)Back Left (d)Back Right【解题导语】本文主要讲述了几个大学生考前在外贪玩，之后撒谎逃避考试，系主任巧妙应对的有趣故事。1stayed解析：考查动词时态。通读文章和“One night”可知发生在过去，故填stayed。2to解析：考查介词。固定搭配pay attention to sth.意为“留心，注意某事”，故用介词to。3taking解析：考查非谓语动词。介词后跟名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语，故填taking。4themselves解析：考查代词

5、。根据语境可知，他们在自己身上抹上润滑油和泥土。该空与句子主语“They”呼应，故用themselves作宾语。5nervously解析：考查副词。副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。故用副词nervously修饰动词went。6had been解析：考查动词时态。参加婚礼发生在他们陈述事件之前，表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时。7a解析：考查冠词。tire是可数名词的单数形式，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，又因flat的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。8thought解析：考查名词。deep是形容词，修饰名词，且be/get lost in thought为固定短语，意为“陷入沉思”，

6、故用名词thought。9When解析：考查连词。when引导时间状语从句，意为“当时候”，符合语境。10rooms解析：考查名词复数。根据语境可知，系主任把他们安排在不同的房间，因此此处表示复数概念，故用rooms。burst vi.爆裂；爆发；突然闯入n突然破裂；爆发(1)burst in/into 闯入；突然破门而入burst out 突然迸发；爆发突然哭起来/笑起来burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/乐不可支(2)a burst of 一阵(教材原句)In the city，the water pipes in some buildings cracked and bu

7、rst.在市内，有些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。(2016北京卷)It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out，particularly when there are reasons to do so.年轻人很可能爆发，这一点也不让人吃惊，尤其是当有这样做的理由时。That balloon will_burst (burst) if you blow it up any more.你再给气球充气，它就要爆了。injure vt.损害；伤害(1)injured adj.受伤的the injured 伤员(2)injury

8、n伤；伤口；伤害do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb.伤害某人(教材原句)Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.他们中有2/3在地震中伤亡。The victim suffered a dreadful injury (injure) and lost a lot of blood.受害者受了重伤，大量失血。injure/wound/hurt/harminjure多指意外事故造成的伤害，也可指对名誉、地位的损害。其名词形式为injurywound既可以作动词，也可以作名词。指人在战

9、斗、攻击中受伤，身体上出现明显的伤口，多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤hurt既可以作动词，也可以作名词。多指精神上受到伤害，也可指身体上的疼痛harm既可以作动词，也可以作名词。指身体或精神上的损害或对周围事物的危害。意为“伤害，损害”。常用短语do harm to“对有害”He retired from the army because of being_wounded (wound) in a fight.Soon after，he met with an accident，where he was not injured (injure) luckily but was_hurt (hu

10、rt) to some degree.他因在战斗中受伤退伍了。不久他遭遇了一次车祸，幸运的是他身体没有受伤，但在一定程度上心灵受了创伤。单句语法填空(2017全国卷)These chemicals come from the injured (injure) parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.bury vt.埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心(1)be buried inbury oneself inbe absorbed in 埋头于；专心于be buried in thought 沉思(2)bury oneself in study 埋头研

11、究；专心学习bury ones face in ones hands 双手掩面(教材原句)The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.救援部队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。Ever since he moved there，he has_buried_himself/has_been_buried (bury) in his research work.自从搬到那里以后，他一直在专注于研究工作。Buried/Burying_himself (bury) in hi

12、s study，he didnt know that all the others had left.他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。表“专心于某事”的短语常见的还有：be devoted to，be absorbed in，be addicted to，be lost in，focus on，concentrate on【七选五】Controlling AngerBecoming angry is something beyond the control of people1Becoming angry can do a lot of damages, both mental and

13、physical. However, there are methods for discovering how to control anger and not suffer later.2The moment you feel there are chances of you becoming angry, get away from those circumstances. In fact, there can be no better a judge than you, for discovering what it is or who it is that makes you bec

14、ome angry, and then at that moment choose to think about something else that can lighten your feelings.Keep a check on your breathing.3By controlling the process of breathing, you can actually slow down your anger greatly. You can count till the number three as you breathe in, hold it for 3 seconds

15、and again count till three while breathing out. You have to concentrate on the count as you do this and repeat for as many times as is required.4For example, if youre experiencing road anger while driving, you can choose to tell yourself that the person who overtook you by a vehicle was in a hurry a

16、s a result of some emergency and appreciate the fact that nothing major had happened to your car. Repeat this form of self-talk to yourself every time you are in the middle of such an angry situation.Look for a support in other people.5It needs to be clear right at the beginning as to why you are di

17、scussing your concerns with that individual. Let the other individual know what you want from the other person. After youre done with your part of discussing about the circumstances, chances are that youll feel much better than before.A. Talk to yourself positively.B. Come to a stop as soon as you a

18、re angry.C. Try to see the situation in a different light.D. You can also ask for help from the one you rely on.E. What you can do when you become angry is to breathe deeply.F. In fact, almost all people at one point of time or the other become angry.G. You can imagine going to a place you consider

19、to be calming as well as relaxing.【文章大意】生气伤身，但是每个人不可避免地会生气。如何控制生气呢？本文给出了四项有效措施：生气时停一停；生气时深呼吸；生气时自嘲；寻求别人的帮助等。1.F 【解析】根据下文Becoming angry can do a lot of damages, both mental and physical.可知，生气对精神和身体都有很大坏处，接着讲述了控制生气的方法，因此推断F项“实际上，几乎所有的人都有可能在某一时刻会生气”符合语境。故选F。3.E 【解析】根据段落标题和空格下文By controlling the process

20、 of breathing, you can actually slow down your anger greatly.可知，生气时调整呼吸，通过控制呼吸的过程，减慢生气，根据关键词“breathe”可知E项“生气时你可以做深呼吸”符合语境。故选E。4.A 【解析】空格处为段落标题。本段通过一个例子，当你开车路怒的时候，你可以告诉自己超过你的那个人可能有紧急事情感激你的车没有发生什么大事，生气的情况下多重复几遍这个过程。因此推断本段建议生气时积极的自言自语。故选A。5.D 【解析】根据段落标题Look for a support in other people.可知，本段建议生气时寻求别人的

21、支持，support与D项中提到的“help”一样相近，因此推断D项“你可以尝试向你信赖的人寻求帮助”符合语境。故选D。at an end 结束；终结(1)(2)(3)end up with 以结束end up doing something 以做某事结束； 最后处于end in sth 以结束(教材原句)It seemed as if the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日！At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing (apologize)最初他拒不承认有任

22、何责任，到头来还是道了歉。At_the_end_of (在末)the meeting，the general manager said in a loud voice，“Weve tried hard to solve the financial problem，and in_the_end (终于) weve succeeded.So by_the_end_of (到结束时) next week，the bad situation will come to_an_end (结束) and everything will be all right.”在会议快结束时，总经理大声地说，“我们已尽力

23、去解决财政问题，我们最终成功了。所以到下星期末，这种不利的局面将结束并且一切将好起来”。a (great) number of 许多；大量的不可数名词单数谓语(large) amounts of名词复数谓语quantities of可数名词复数/不可数名词复数谓语a quantity of名词单数谓语a mass of可数名词的复数复数谓语a mass of不可数名词单数谓语masses of名词复数谓语a great deal修饰形容词比较级(教材原句)Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while th

24、ey were sleeping.那么多的人丧生是因为地震发生在人们睡觉的时候。Large numbers of dead fish along the shore of river have_appeared (appear) in these days.近几天河边发现大量死鱼Quantities of/Masses of food were (be) on the table.饭桌上有许多饭菜。a number of./the number of.a number of.许多；大量的，后接可数名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式the number of.的数目，后接可数名词，在句中作

25、主语时，谓语动词用单数形式A number of teachers are (be) present today，and the number of them is (be) 300.许多教师今天都出席了，人数达到了300。可数名词单数单数谓语【短文改错】A survey (调查)has recently carried out among the students in our school about whether they would like it if their parents gave birth to a second child.Opinions vary wide fro

26、m one to another.Most of the students supported the idea.They think that it would be amazing to have a brother and a sister to keep the company and share secrets with.Besides，we believe a second child would bring lots of funs to the family.However，the rest of the students interviewing hold the oppos

27、ite view.To start with，raising one child is already a difficult thing and the parents would have to work twice as hard if they had a second child.Whats more，they argue whether they have been accustomed to enjoy the whole love from their parents.答案：A survey (调查)has recently carried out among the stud

28、ents in our school about whether they would like it if their parents gave birth to a second child.Opinions vary from one to another.Most of the students the idea.They think that it would be amazing to have a brother a sister to keep the company and share secrets with.Besides， believe a second child

29、would bring lots of to the family.However，the rest of the students hold the opposite view.To start with，raising one child is already a difficult thing and the parents would have to work twice as hard if they had a second child.Whats more，they argue they have been accustomed to the whole love from th

30、eir parents.解析：A survey和carry out为被动关系，所以加been。解析：vary是动词，用副词修饰，所以用widely。解析：这是陈述事实，用一般现在时，将supported改为support。解析：and表示并列，此处句意为选择而非并列，故用or。解析：keep company陪伴，陪同。解析：由句意得此处主语为students，所以为they。 解析：fun为不可数名词，无复数形式所以将funs改为fun。 解析：student和interview为被动关系，所以用ed形式作定语。解析：whether引导的是让步状语从句，而文中是陈述一个事实所以将whether

31、删掉或者改为that。解析：accustom固定搭配be accustomed to doing 所以将enjoy变为enjoying。Thousands of families were killed and many children were_left without parents.成千上万个家庭遇难，许许多多的孩子变成孤儿。leave宾语宾补。leave在此句式中作使役动词用，既有“剩下，留下”之意，也表示“使处于某状态中”。在leave的复合结构中很多词、短语等都能充当宾语补足语。leave作使役动词的用法：Never leave young children unattended

32、 (unattend) near any pool or water tank.千万不能放任小孩呆在水池或水槽附近不管。We hurriedly ended our meeting，leaving (leave) many problems to be settled.我们匆匆地结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。 The terrible disease left the old man very weak (weakness)这场大病使得老人身体非常虚弱。单句语法填空(2017全国卷)Leave it open (open) when youre available to talk and

33、 close it when youre not.All hope was_not lost.并不是所有的希望都破灭了。(1)英语中的all，both，each，every，everybody，everything，completely，always，whole，wholly，entirely，altogether等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。(2)英语中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither no one，nowhere，no more，no longer，no way等表否

34、定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。Not both of the two math problems are (be) very difficult.这两道数学题并非都很难。None of us was_allowed (allow) to go there.我们全都不让去那里。Every boy is_not_interested (interest) in sports.Not every boy is_interested (interest) in sports.并非所有的男孩都喜欢运动。【阅读理解】Best friends may be priceless but

35、 the cost of keeping the relationship alive is 23,870. According to a study, a BFF (Best Friend Forever) does not come cheap with devoted pals blowing 4,679 on birthday presents alone over a lifetime. And while it costs nothing to be a shoulder to cry on, bighearted Britons go the extra mile and spe

36、nd 168 on pickmeups (提神物品) to get their mate through a rocky patch(艰难时刻) like the breakup of a relationship. Theres a further 242 spent on presents to show how much they mean from gifts bought on holiday to treats for no reason. And distance does not break up a close friendship as BFFs spend a whopp

37、ing (巨大的) 18,000 on travel to see each other despite being miles apart because of university, jobs and marriage. The study by cashback site TopCashBack found on average BFFs who wed can expect 431 spent on them and a further 283 on gifts when they have children. And they can rely on their pals to he

38、lp out when they move house as they will obtain 127 worth of housewarming presents and takeaways as well as putting in a shift with the packing and unpacking. The survey based on a friendship lasting 40 years found more than eight in ten adults with a BFF felt their friendships were worth every penn

39、y.TopCashBack spokesperson Natasha Smith said, “Those friendships which stand the test of time are often the most important in our lives. However, they come at a cost. From train tickets once a month to flights and a new dress for a wedding on the Italian coast, the price paid for having a best mate

40、 can soon add up. But when we asked people to compare their friendship with the monetary investment, only 14% thought their friendship was equal to their investment with the vast majority thinking it was worth more.”【文章大意】最好的朋友也许是无价的，但维持一段友谊却是高价的。那么你知道维持一段友谊需要多少钱吗？一项研究给出了答案。【长难句分析】And while it costs

41、 nothing to be a shoulder to cry on, bighearted Britons go the extra mile and spend 168 on pickmeups(提神物品) to get their mate through a rocky patch(艰难时刻) like the breakup of a relationship.(第二段第二句)分析：本句为复合句。while it costs nothing to be a shoulder to cry on为让步状语从句。主句为bighearted Britons go the extra mi

42、le.relationship。译文：虽然在朋友哭泣时成为朋友的依靠不需要花费什么，但是慷慨大方的英国人会为朋友付出更多，他们会花168英镑来为朋友买能令人振作的物品，助其度过诸如关系破裂等困难时期。1 What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean?AAmbitious. BGenerous.CTroublesome. DEnergetic.答案与解析：B考查词义猜测。画线部分后的“go the extra mile and spend 168 on pickmeups(提神物品) to get their mate through a r

43、ocky patch (艰难时刻) like the breakup of a relationship”就是对它的进一步说明。此处指虽然在朋友哭泣时成为朋友的依靠并不需要花费什么，但是英国人会为朋发付出更多，他们会花168英镑来为朋友买令人振作的物品，助其度过诸如失恋等困难时期。画线部分的意思应该是“慷慨的”，故选B。2. To keep the relationship, where do BFFs spend most money?ABuying birthday presents.BCheering up a friend in low spirits.CPaying for holi

44、day gifts and other treats.DGoing a particular distance to visit friends.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“blowing 4,679 on birthday presents”“spend 168 on pickmeups(提神物品)”以及第三段中的“242 spent on presents.from gifts bought on holiday to treats.”“spend a whopping (巨大的)18,000 on travel to see each other”可知，为了维持一段友谊，

45、花在旅途中的费用是最多的，所以选D。3. What is Natashas understanding of BFF friendship?AIts costly and unaffordable.BIts expensive but worthwhile.CIts rewarding but hard to keep.DIts changeable but worth possessing.答案与解析：B考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的“Those friendships which stand the test of time are often the most important in

46、our lives. However, they come at a cost.”可知，Natasha认为，经受得起时间考验的友谊通常是我们人生中最重要的东西，但那是要付出成本的。也就是说与一生的挚友的友谊很贵但很值得。所以选B。4. How is the passage developed?ABy listing figures. BBy giving examples.CBy analyzing causes.DBy making comparisons.答案与解析：A考查写作手法。 根据文中的“23,870”“4,679”“168”“242”“18,000”等数据可知，本文作者是通过列数据的方法来行文的，故选A。 12