2019高考英语一轮基础梳理与练习Unit3Inventorsandinventions含解析新人教版选修8.doc

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1、Unit 3Inventors and inventions李仕才【短文语法填空】I want to do something special for my 15yearold son, who has always been a perfect boy.He worked all summer to earn enough money to buy _1_ (he) a new racingbicycle instead of asking for money from me.Then he spent hours and hours on it.I loved my son so much

2、 _2_ I bought him a pair of sunglasses and gloves.When my son rode the racingbicycle with him, he looked very cool.He dreamed _3_ taking part in a race and winning.On November 10th, my birthday, when I went to the kitchen to start the milk and bread in the morning, I found _4_ beautiful guitar on th

3、e table, beside which was a card, _5_ (say), “Happy birthday to my wonderful mother.” I was surprised and then began to sob.I remembered once I _6_ (joke) to my family that I wanted to learn the guitar to make my life wonderful.I _7_ (forget) it, but my son remembered.He took it _8_ (serious), and b

4、ought me one as a birthday gift.When I wondered _9_ my son could buy this expensive gift, soon I realized that my son had sold his racingbicycle _10_ (get) me the guitar.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。儿子在暑期辛苦挣钱，买了他喜爱的赛车；在“我”生日时，他送给了“我”一把漂亮的吉他。后来“我”才知道，他用卖掉了心爱的赛车的钱给“我”买了这把吉他。1himself根据本句的主语“He”可知，此处应用he的反身代词，指他整个夏天都在

5、努力工作，以赚取足够的钱给自己买一辆赛车。故填himself。2that句意：我是如此爱我的儿子，以至于我给他买了一副太阳镜和一副手套。so .that .为固定结构，意为“如此以至于”。故填that。3of句意：他梦想参加比赛并且获胜。dream of doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“梦想做某事”。4a根据空格后的“guitar”可知，“我”在桌子上发现了一把漂亮的吉他；此处泛指“一把吉他”。故填a。5saying此处指在吉他旁边有一张卡片，上面写着“祝漂亮的妈妈生日快乐”；card和say之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填saying。6joked根据该句中的“remember

6、ed”可知，该句陈述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填joked。7had forgotten根据该句中的“but my son remembered”可知，“我”的儿子记得这件事情；这件事情应是在“我”儿子想起之前“我”已经忘记了，故用过去完成时。故填had forgotten。8seriously根据空格前的动词“took”可知，空格处修饰该动词，故用副词seriously，此外take sth.seriously为固定搭配。9how空格处引导宾语从句，指当“我”想知道儿子是怎样买到这把昂贵的吉他的时候。故用how引导该宾语从句。10to get儿子卖掉了他的赛车，给“我”买了这把吉他。

7、空格处作目的状语，故用动词不定式。故填to get。一高考单词识记思考运用1核心词汇abrupt adj.突然的；意外的 abruptly adv.突然地；唐突地seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺bear vt.忍受 bore (过去式)borne (过去分词)file n文件；档案 vt.提交；将归档product n产品 produce vt.生产 production n产量 productive adj.多产的；有创造性的practical adj.实际的；实用的 practise vt.练习 practice n练习，实践convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的 conve

8、nience n方便，便利caution n小心，谨慎 cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的 cautiously adv.小心地；谨慎地expectation n预料；期待；期望 expect v预料；期待；期望；认为2常考词汇distinguish vi.& vt.显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别passive adj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的associate vt.联想；联系n同伴；伙伴association n社团；协会；联合；联想用所给单词的适当形式填空1We can stay at home and watch films online.Its convenient (conv

9、enience) with our new and faster network.(2017江苏卷)2Before birth，babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices.They can even distinguish (distinguish) their mothers voice from that of a female stranger.(2017江苏卷)3Of course，I also took some practical (practice) steps to lose weight.(201

10、7天津卷)4Ordered over a week ago，the books are_expected (expect) to arrive any time now. (2016北京卷)5Nothing like this had ever been done before，and day after day I kept coming up with solutions，but none of them worked.My fatigue became almost unbearable (bearable)(2016天津卷)6The study showed that those wh

11、o had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive (product) lives than those who had not.(2016天津卷)7He is_associated (associate) closely in the public mind with horror movies.8The bus came to an abrupt (abruptly) stop，making many passengers fall off their seats.“社会交往”之“警告、提醒、禁止、要求与命令”caution 小

12、心attention 注意forbid 禁止remind 提醒warn 警告be aware of 意识到look out 当心take care 小心watch out 当心；注意claim 声张command 要求force 强迫order 命令request 请求“频度”高频词速记annual adj.每年的frequent adj.频繁的；经常的regular adj.定期的；固定的；习惯性的；经常的occasional adj.偶尔；间或rare adj.罕有；很少usually adv.常常always adv.总是often adv.经常“学习”相关词汇一览assignment

13、n任务；作业effort n努力instruction n教育；指导；传授progress n进步；前进reference n参考；参照revision n复习；温习“演讲；报道”相关词汇一览lecture n演讲；讲座speech n报告；演说report n报告；报道address vt.演讲；致辞deliver a speech 发表演讲make a speech 发表演讲【完形填空】After living near Madrid for a year as an au pair (以帮做家务事等换取食宿的人) three years ago, it was nice to _1_ t

14、his weekend. I felt like I was at home and thought how _2_ one can be to feel like this in a place that isnt _3_ your home. I now refer to this town as one of my homes from home and have learnt how home is where your _4_ is.A lot of people get homesick and it is a very _5_ feeling when away from _6_

15、 ones and home comforts. _7_， I have learnt that you can feel at home when you are _8_ in that place with people who _9_ you.Through simply embracing every moment, _10_ friends and enjoying a new _11_， you can feel settled in a short amount of time. I did exactly this when moving to Spain for the fi

16、rst time, as positive thoughts tend to bring positive experiences. Luckily enough, I was _12_ with a host family that were very _13_， which helped to ease the process of feeling happy and settled. I now love visiting when I can to see how the children grow up and feel very blessed by being able to _

17、14_ this.Yet again, I am living in Spain on my year abroad, but this time with students and not a(n) _15_， in a different region. Nonetheless, the process of _16_ had been easier, as I feel _17_ the Spanish culture already. Of course when moving away from home you have to _18_ many things that are d

18、ifferent in comparison to what you call home. However, this is the _19_ of travelling, exploring and _20_ yourself and a new place. A new place that one day you might be able to call your home too.1A.leave BplanCmove Dvisit2A.proud BluckyCpopular Dreal3A.finally BpossiblyCcompletely Dnecessarily4A.b

19、elief BdreamCheart Djob5A.normal BuniqueCstrong Duneasy6A.similar BunusualCloved Drespected7A.However BThereforeCInstead DOtherwise8A.free BpowerfulCavailable Dcomfortable9A.care for Blook forCask for Dwait for10A.missing BmakingCchoosing Daiding11A.idea BcultureChome Dchance12A.chatting BplayingCli

20、ving Ddealing13A.wise BhonestCsuccessful Dfriendly14A.change BexperienceCsupport Dimprove15A.teacher BroommateCfamily Dorganization16A.going on Bturning aroundCstepping forward Dsettling in17A.accustomed to Bexcited atCsatisfied with Dinterested in18A.give up Bstart withCadapt to Dcarry out19A.role

21、BsecretCdelight Dsymbol20A.helping BdiscoveringCenjoying Dcontrolling【解题导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者在异国他乡找到了自己的“家”。1D根据最后一段开头的Yet again, I am living in Spain on my year abroad, but this time with students可知，作者重“访(visit)”西班牙。2B根据上文的I felt like I was at home和下文的feel like this可知，在异国他乡能找到家的感觉确实“幸运(lucky)”。3D如果在某个地方“不

22、一定(not necessarily)”就是家能找到家的感觉，那真是幸运。4C根据上文的nice，felt like，feel like可知，作者认识到家就是“心灵(heart)”的归属地。5A根据上文的A lot of people get homesick及常识可知，思乡是一种“正常的(normal)”情感。6C根据上文的homesick可知，一个人远离自己“所爱的(loved)”人和家中的舒适，当然会泛起乡愁。7A下文提到的在异乡也能找到家的感觉与上文意义上发生了转折，故选However。8D9A根据上文的you can feel at home可知，此处意思是，如果在一个地方能与“关爱

23、(care for)”自己的人在一起、觉得比较“舒服(comfortable)”，那自然能找到家的感觉。10B11B根据这两个空所在句中的embracing every moment, enjoying和you can feel settled in a short amount of time可知，如果能珍惜每个瞬间、“交(making)”些朋友、享受新的“文化(culture)”，那很快就能融入当地的生活。12C根据下文的host family可知，“我”与寄宿家庭“生活(living)”在一起。13D根据下文的helped to ease the process of feeling h

24、appy and settled可知，寄宿家庭的成员都很“友好(friendly)”。14B根据上文的see how the children grow up可知，能“亲历(experience)”这一过程，作者感到很幸福。15C上文的host family是提示。16D17A因为是第二次来西班牙，所以作者这次“安定(settling in)”下来要比上次更容易些，因为他已经“熟悉(accustomed to)”了当地的文化。18C根据本空所在句中的moving away from home和different in comparison to what you call home可知，背井离

25、乡自然需要“适应(adapt to)”异地不同于家乡的很多方面。19C20B根据However可知，前后表示转折。作者认为虽然需要适应很多新事物，但是这恰巧就是旅游、探索、“发现(discovering)”自我的“乐趣(delight)”所在。二重点短语识记思考运用1动词介词(副词)call up 给打电话；使想起set about 开始；着手dive into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入set out (to do)开始(做)hang on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过ring back 回复电话ring off 挂断电话2其

26、他形式now and then 偶尔；有时out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空1Having gone through the long process，now Ive got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive_into an area that is totally unknown，hard，but interesting.(2016天津卷)2My grandfather still plays tennis now_and_then，even though hes i

27、n his nineties. (2016北京卷)3Dont you think the files and some of the papers were out_of_order？You had better sort them out.4When you were out，John rang up，and he wanted you to ring him back.5The photos on your Wechat call_up the days when we worked together on the farms fifteen years ago.6Having made

28、up his mind，Flank set_about carrying out the plan immediately.“out of名词”短语集汇out of breath 上气不接下气out of balance 失去平衡out of stock 脱销out of date 过时out of patience 不耐烦out of control 失去控制out of style 过时，不时髦out of work 失业表示“开始/着手做某事”的短语精选get down to doing sthset out to do sth.set about doing sth.settle do

29、wn to sth.start/begin doing/to do sth.打电话相关短语大全打电话给某人call/ring back 回电话rather 相关短语一览or rather 更确切地说would rather 宁愿rather than 而不是other than 除了三佳句选粹在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通背原句学句型练仿写1.The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.(评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否

30、则很难被接受。so.that.“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。他的发明如此实用以至于很快就获得了专利。His invention was so_practical_that he soon got a patent.2.Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。本句为“祈使句and/or/ otherwise陈述句”结

31、构。给我一次机会，我会给你一个惊喜。Give_me_a_chance，and Ill give you a wonderful surprise.【短文改错】Mistakes are unavoidable in life.But attitudes towards it may make a difference.I still remember how my spoken English was improved.In a beginning，I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid make mistakes. Before long

32、 my teacher got to know about my situation. He encouraged me to speak out that I thought.Whenever I made mistakes and felt discouraging，my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I must have avoided them. I also joined in an English club to get more chances to speak.Practice made perf

33、ect.Now I can talk fluent in English.Just as the saying goes，“Every bean has its black.” Dont afraid of making mistakes.Learn from mistakes，and success is just waiting for us.【答案】Mistakes are unavoidable in life.But attitudes towards may make a difference.I still remember how my spoken English was i

34、mproved.In beginning，I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid mistakes. Before long my teacher got to know about my situation. He encouraged me to speak out I thought.Whenever I made mistakes and felt ，my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I have avoided them. I also joine

35、d an English club to get more chances to speak.Practice perfect.Now I can talk in English.Just as the saying goes，“Every bean has its black.” Dont afraid of making mistakes.Learn from mistakes，and success is just waiting for us.第一处：itthem。考查代词。根据语境可知，第二句中“towards”的宾语指代的是第一句的主语“Mistakes”，故用them。第二处：a

36、the。考查冠词。根据前一句“I still remember how my spoken English was improved.”可知，该处特指上文中“提高英语口语水平”的开始，故用定冠词。第三处：makemaking。考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth.为固定用法，意为“避免做某事”。第四处：thatwhat。考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知，该句为含有宾语从句的主从复合句，what既作宾语从句的引导词，也作从句中及物动词thought的宾语，而that在从句中不能作成分，故将that改为what。第五处：discouragingdiscouraged。考查形容词。根据从句主

37、语I可知，该处应用discouraged形容人，意为“沮丧的”；discouraging形容事物，意为“令人沮丧的”。 第六处：mustcould。考查情态动词。根据语境可知，该句使用了虚拟语气，表示“过去本能够做却没有做”，故用could have done。第七处：删除in。考查固定搭配。该处指“参加英语俱乐部”，参加某个组织用join，而join in为固定搭配，意为“参加活动”，故删除in。第八处：mademakes。考查主谓一致和时态。句意：熟能生巧。该句为一般真理，故用一般现在时；该句主语为Practice，为不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式，故用makes。第九处：fluentfluently。考查副词。根据该句中的动词“talk”可知，此处修饰动词，故用副词形式。第十处：afraid前加be。考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，该句为祈使句，afraid为形容词，故afraid前加动词原形be。 10