2016高考英语备考策略完形填空的讲解与训练.doc

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1、英语完形填空的讲解与训练完形填空1、命题原则（1）时代性原则。要求紧密结合当前国际国内形势和时代特点，以引导同学们在学习语言知识的同时关心国内外大事，了解国际形势，扩大视野。（2）教育性原则。要求同学们在做题的过程中受到某些方面的教育，寓思想教育于外语教学之中。这也是素质教育的要求，增强同学们辨别是非的能力。（3）自然性原则。结合同学们所学词汇、语法知识和有关自然界等方面的知识进行命题，有助于同学们关心社会和关心身边的环境，扩大知识面。（4）严格控制生词量。有一些已学单词的派生词、合成词和转换词，但加注汉语的生词不超过4个。一般给出的短文长度为220-320词数。2、命题特点(1)首句完整，线

2、索清楚。有时作者在第一句话就交代了人物的姓名、身份、业绩或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结果。(2)叙述灵活，侧重语境。文章以叙述或说明为主，人物间对话较少，绝大部分篇章是作者在描述事件，较少加入作者的观点或评论。因此，常会出现态度与观点的跳跃变换，或语气上的差异。这 增加了情景的迷惑性和干扰性，从而突出了对语境的依赖，实现了在理解上下文的基础上，通过语境，辨析词语，作出选择。 (3)四个选项一般都为同一词性。首句不设空。空格最大间隔不超过30个词，最小不低于5个词。间隔20-30个词为2-3个空，间隔10-20个词的空为6-8个，其余10个空为间隔5-10个词。3

3、、解题方法按照一般的要求，完型填空所采用的短文一般不给标题，文章的首句通常是个完整的句子。这个句子不容忽视，往往是全文的关键句。常常包含对解题有用的信息，由此可判断文章的大意和主题。所以，考生要充分利用首句的表示作用，利用他找到一个突破口，据此展开思维，争取开门顺利。(1)做完形填空必须静下心来，首先把短文从头到尾快速阅读一至两遍，从整体上感知全文，了解大意。第一遍跳过空格，不看选项，快速阅读；虽然有困难，但可以在有意注意文中找到“文眼”也就是透露文章内容的关键词句。如果是故事性的文章，那时间、地点、人物就是关键词：抓住了关键词就抓住了理解文章的线索，从而理解全文，此时选填就不会是胡猜乱填。可

4、见，通读全文进而掌握大意是做好完形填空的先决条件。(2)在掌握了大意之后，一边读短文一边选择答案。 同学们在阅读过程中，有些答案也许会在你的脑海中浮现，有些你觉得没有把握或是把握不大，这时最好不要马上答题，先把文章看完。因为有些空白处，从单一的句子本身来看是难以确定答案的。也许有些同学想省时间，看一点做一点，缺乏全局观念，就可能会造成势必欲速则不达；有时甚至一步走错，误导至于步步皆错。所以只有在抓住了关键线索之后先把较为稳当的答案填上，然后再逐步完成全部解题。 （3）检查核对，完善答案。 典例1Children find meanings in their old family tales.

5、When Stephen Guyers three children were growing up, he told them stories about bow his grandfather, a banker, 1 all in the 1930s, but did not lose sight of what he valued most. In one of the darkest times 2 his strong-minded grandfather was nearly 3 , he loaded his family into the car and 4 them to

6、see family members in Canada with a 5 ,“there are more important thins in life than money. ” The 6 took on a new meaning recently when Mr. Guyer downsized to a 7 house from a more expensive and comfortable one. He was 8 that his children ,a daughter, 15, and twins, 22, would be upset. To his surpris

7、e, they werent 9 , their reaction echoed （共鸣） their great-grandfathers. What they 10 was how warm the people were in the house and how 11 of their heart was accessible. Many parents are finding family stories have surprising power to help children 12 hard times. Storytelling expects say the phenomen

8、on reflects a growing 13 in telling tales, evidenced by a rise in a storytelling events and festivals. A university 14 of 65 families with children aged from 14 to 16 found kids ability to _15 parents stories was linked to a lower rate of anger and anxiety. The 16 is telling the stories in a way chi

9、ldren can 17 . Were not talking here about the kind of story that 18 , “ When I was a kid, I walked to school every day uphill both ways, barefoot in the snow. ” Instead, we should choose a story suited to the childs 19 , and make eye contact （接触） to create “a personal experience”,. We dont have to

10、tell children 20 they should take from the story and what the moral is . ”1. A. missed B. lost C. forgot D. ignored 2. A. when B. while C. how D. why 3. A. friendless B. worthless C. penniless D. homeless 4. A fetched B. allowed C. expected D. took 5. A. hope B. promise C. suggestion D. belief 6. A.

11、 tale B. agreement C. arrangement D. report 7. A. large B. small C. new D. grand 8. A. surprised B. annoyed C. disappointed D. worried 9. A. Therefore B. Besides C. Instead D. Otherwise 10. A. talked about B. cared about C. wrote about D. heard about 11. A. much B. many C. little D. few 12. A. beyon

12、d B. over C. behind D. through 13. A. argument B. skill C. interest D. anxiety 14. A. study B. design C. committee D. staff 15. A. provide B. retell C. support D. refuse 16. A. trouble B. gift C. fact D. trick 17. A. perform B. write C. hear D. question 18. A. means B. ends C. begins D. proves 19. A

13、. needs B. activities C. judgments D. habits 20. A. that B. what C. which D. whom 【思路点拨】1.首先通读全文，了解到本文是议论文；其大意：先是叙述Stephen Guyer利用以前的家族故事来鼓舞孩子度过艰难时光；然后讲到许多父母都在不断地发掘家族故事，家族故事对帮助孩子们度过艰难时光有很大作用。日益增多的讲故事的活动和节日反映了人们对讲述家族故事越来越感兴趣。有的大学对此进行了研究。讲家族故事的方式和内容等应该适合学生的需要。 2.逐句细读，透析文意。通过词义辨析解决第1、4、13、16题；通过语法和情景解决

14、第2、10题，通过情景理解解决第3、11、15、20题3.通过联系前后文的相互照应解决第5、7、8、9、13、14、19题。4.最后在全面补充验证。运用篇章结构和常识等方面的知识解决第11、12、17、18题。【答案与解析】1.B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为：他的祖父一个银行家在二十世纪三十年代失去了一切财产。A错过；B失去；C忘记；D忽略。A/C/D不合题意，B合题意；故答案选B。2.A【解析】考查定语从句引导词的选择。因先行词在定语从句中做时间状语，故用when引导。A引导定语从句，并且在从句中做时间状语，B不能引导定语从句，C引导定语从句，但它只能在从句中作方式状语。D可以引导定语从句，

15、但它只能在从句中作原因状语。故答案选A。3.C【解析】考查语境和形容词辨析。在那艰难的日子里，他的有主见的祖父几乎一无所有。C表示“一无所有”，A不友好，B无价值，D无家可归。故用C最合适。答案选C。4.D【解析】考查动词辨析。他把全家人装进小车并且带他们去加拿大看有信念的家庭成员。“带-去做某某事情”用take, A去取，B允许，C期望；据句意用took,故答案选D。5.D【解析】考查语境和名词辨析。从后文“There are more important things in life than money”理解判断这里应该是指“有信念”的家庭成员。With+名词作定语。A希望，B许诺，C建

16、议，D信念、信仰；故答案选D合题意。6.A【解析】考查名词辨析。联系上文“这些家族故事在此被赋予新的含义”；A传说、故事；B协约，C安排，D报告。据句意和前后文用“传说、故事”较恰当。7.B【解析】考查形容词。从downsized（缩小）和比较后文a more expensive and comfortable one联系。答案选Small合适。故排除large, new, grand;答案选B。8.D【解析】考查动词辨析。联系后文“他孩子会不安”理解判断这里用“担心”合适。A 惊奇的，B生气的，C失望的，D担心的；故答案选D。9.C【解析】考查副词。联系前文的“他们没有不安”和后文的“孩子与

17、祖父共鸣”判断用“而、而是-”合适；A因此，B而且、除之外，C而、而是-，D否则；故答案选C。10.B【解析】从句子结构判断这里是what引导的名词性从句作主语，表示他们所关心的事情，再联系“他们在那个小房子里是多么温暖”判断，用“关心”较合适；A谈论，B关心，C写有关，听说；故答案选B。11.A【解析】考查不定代词。据情景指的是心里接近的程度，只能用how much,而many/little/few不能表示心里接近的程度；故答案选A。12.D【解析】考查介词。联系语境理解这里指的是有助于孩子们克服和经受艰难困苦。A远到、超出，B超过、越过，C在-后面，D经受、经历、克服。故答案选D。13.C

18、【解析】考查名词辨析。由后面evidenced by a rise in a storytelling events and festivals.推知大家对将家族故事越来越感兴趣；故用C。A争吵，B技能，C兴趣，D担心；故A/B/D都不合题意；答案选C。14.A【解析】联系前文和句意：大学对家庭的一个研究发现孩子讲故事的能力与父母少生气、少担心有关系。A研究，B设计，C委员会，D成员。故据句意答案选A合适。15.B【解析】据情景推知一定是讲故事或复述故事，而不是提供故事或支持/拒绝故事；A提供，B复述，C支持，D拒绝；据词意区别答案选B。16.D【解析】考查名词辨析。根据句意：好的计谋/策略是

19、以合适的方式给孩子讲家族故事。A麻烦，B礼物，C事实，D策略。据句意答案选D。17.C【解析】考查动词辨析。据情景一定是以孩子们适合听的方式讲故事。故用hear; A表演，B写作，C听，D怀疑。据词义答案选C。18.C【解析】从信息句“ When I was a kid, I walked to school every day uphill both ways, barefoot in the snow. ” Instead,-推知指的是以前的老方式“以如下老方式开始的故事”，故用begins.不用“结束/意思是/证明”。故答案选C。19.A【解析】名词辨析。联系前文得知“选择的故事应该满足

20、学生的需要”。故用needs；A需要，B活动，C裁判，D习惯。据句意和词意区别答案选A。20.B【解析】考查代词。据情景和句意：我们不必告诉孩子们我们需要从故事中得到什么和其教育意义是什么。What they should take from the story指代从故事中得到的东西。That/which/whom没有这个功能。故答案选B。典例2In 1941 when anti-Japanese War was still going on , Xiamen University that Ma Zuzhao aimed to enter moved to the west of Fujia

21、n Province. He had to hurry there to 1 the 2-day entrance examinations. The last 2 was a test in the Chinese language and literature. 3 Ma fell victim to malaria（患疟疾） and ran a fever when he was 4 the required composition, then he broke into sweat 5 with fingers darkened . he was about to collapse （

22、崩溃）when a 6 voice showed him concern, “Boy, it 7 you are ill. Keep calm. If you can bring your fever down ,Ill delay the time 8 _for you. It was the slender proctor（监考老师） in blue silk robe who had found his situation and came 9 to him. He told a servant to fetch a towel and a glass of warm water for

23、 Ma, and he said again, “ 10 you can resist the fever , youll 11 hold out.” 12 by those remarks, Ma got his spirits 13 .Wiping off sweat from his brows, he took two or three pills of quinine （硅宁药片）from his pocket and 14 them. A few minutes later he succeeded in shaking off the fever and continued hi

24、s work. At that time the classroom was left 15 except Ma and the proctor, who 16 him , “Keep on your work 17 Ill be with you .”Time went on without anybody noticing it .Eventually Ma handed in his paper .He gave a deep 18 to the proctor to show his heartfelt gratitude . The latter smiled accepting h

25、is thanks “You re strong-minded , young man. Youre proved to be able to get over 19 ”. Not until he was admitted to enter the university did he 20 to know the proctor was none other than Prof. Liu Tianyu, dean of the college of arts ,a very learned scholar.1.Aattend B.go C.get D.catch2.A.meeting B.s

26、ession C.place D.moment3.A.Luckly B.Happily C.Nonestly D.Unfortunately4.Adoing B.speaking C.writing D.asking 5.A.smiling B.trembling C.pointing D.whistling6.A.cold B.loud C.warm D.low7.Ais B.are C.sounds D.seems8.A.game B .limit C.permit D.movement9.A.downwards B.over C.back D.down10.A.Unless B.Now

27、that C.So long as D.Even though11.A.hardly B.surely C.easily D.gentlely12.A.Encouraged B.discouraged C.disappointed D.pleased13.A.raised B.rised C.sunk D.floated14.A.had B.swallowed C.eated D.drank15A.warm B.empty C.cold D.friendly16.A.satisfied B.supported C.comforted D.scolded17.A.but B.though C.y

28、et D.and18.A.sense B. smile C. bow D.impress19.A.happiness B.feelings C.failure D.sufferings20.A.have B.get C.need D.plan【思路点拨】本文是记叙文。叙述马祖照先生年轻时，参加大学入学考试时突然患疟疾，监考老师给他延长考试时间，送开水等；并一直鼓励他完成考试的过程和关心他的情景。【答案与解析】1.A。据题意是参加考试。get/go/catch都不能跟”考试”相搭配。attend “参加某活动/考试”是及物动词，故答案选A。go表示“到达/参加”之意；需加to；故排除。2.B。本

29、句意思是最后一场考试是汉语和文学考试。A. meeting 会议 、C.place地方、D.moment时刻；A/C/D意义不合。session可以指会期、考期的“阶段、场次”，可以同后面的表语搭配得当； 故答案选B.。3.D。据后文意思他生病了，知道事情是“很不幸的”；表示意义转折，故用Unfortunately。故答案选D。4.C 。据语境理解：正当他在写作文时，他突然患疟疾发烧。Adoing做, B.speaking 说, C. writing写,D. asking 问、请求; 正在写作文用“writing”，故答案选C。5.B。据生病的情景：他出汗的同时也发抖，并手指发黑。A. smi

30、ling微笑, B. trembling微笑,C. pointing指着 D. screaming尖叫。故选B trembling-作伴随状语表伴随状态，才合语境。6.C。据情景在他考试时生病，精神快要垮时，对他表示关心的声音应该是“温暖的”故答案选C；low干扰性最大；但是表示关心、关切，用“温暖的声音”最佳。7.D。.据句意监考老师关切地说“迹象表明你病了，孩子。” Ais、B.are、C. sounds 都不能构成固定句型表达文意。但它们不合固定句型“it seems -”故答案选 D 。8.B。据语境理解“如果你短期退烧，我将让你延长考试时间”； time limit“时间限制”；故答

31、案选B。9.B。据语境理解“老师关切地走上前来”； Come over 走上前来，故答案选.B。 10.C.题意“只要你退了烧，就一定能坚持下去”； A. Unless除非、B. Now that既然、 C.So long as 只要 、 D.Even though即使；据情景和句意选C.So long as（只要）较恰当。 11. B。据语境，语气肯定，带鼓励； surely语气肯定，故答案选B。12.A。据语境“因受到鼓励后马祖照的精神振奋起来”； A.Encouraged 鼓励 B.discouraged灰心 C.disappointed失望 D.pleased高兴；据句意用“鼓励”较恰

32、当。故答案选A。D干扰性最大；但它在情景中不能和“精神振奋”构成恰当的因果关系。13.A。据情景，马祖照使自己的精神被振奋。故选A.Raised使-被提升/振奋起来。rise是不及物动词，无被动语态。所以用raised ,故答案选A.。14.B。据题意情景“从口袋拿出药片就吞下去了”。吞下应用sollowed,与and 前的took 相呼应；A.had /C.eated都是“吃饭”,D.Drank“饮用”。故答案选B。15.B。据情景“大家都走了，除了作者和监考老师教室是空的”；”故用empty表 “空 的”。16.C。据语境：大家都走了，老师安慰他坚持写。 A.satisfied 满意的、B

33、.supported支持、C.comforted安慰、D.scolded训斥；用 “安慰”合适；故答案选C。17.D。老师安慰他坚持写，并且老师说会陪着他。A.but、C.yet和 B.though表转折；而D.and表示递进；故答案选D。18.C。作者考完后表示感谢，向老师深深鞠躬，故用bow。而sense感觉/smile微笑/impresssion映像，其意义搭配不合情景；故答案选C。19.D。从上下文语境考虑，他在病中坚持考完了试，监考老师赞扬他能经受艰难、困苦的考验。故选D“艰难困苦”合适。20.B。分析整句结构和意义。作者入学以后，才逐渐了解到那位监考老师是文学院院长刘天宇，一位博学

34、的教授。A.have 使、拥有，C.need需要、 D.plan计划。Get to do表“渐进的过程”；故答案选.B合情景。典例3She had been shopping with her Mom in Wal-Mart. She must have been 6 years old, this beautiful brown haired, freckle-faced image of innocence（天真）. It was 1 outside. The kind of rain pours over the top of rain gutters（水槽）so much in 2 t

35、o hit the Earth because it has no time to 3 the pipe. We all stood there under the awning and just inside the door of the Wal-Mart. We waited, some patiently, others _ 4 because nature messed up their hurried day. I am always mesmerized by rainfall. I get _5 in the sound and sight of the heavens was

36、hing away the dirt and dust of the world. Memories of 6 , splashing so carefree as a child come pouring in as a welcome reprieve from the _7 of my day. Her voice was so sweet as it broke the hypnotic(催眠的) _8 we were all caught in. Mom, lets run through the rain, she said. What? Mom asked. Lets run t

37、hrough the rain! She repeated. No, honey. Well wait until it _9 a bit, Mom replied. This young child waited about another minute and repeated: Mom, lets run through the rain. Well get _10 if we do, Mom said. No, we wont, Mom. Thats not what you said this morning, the young girl said as she tugged at

38、 her Moms arm. This morning? When did I say we could run through the rain and not get wet? Dont you _11 ? When you were talking to Daddy about his cancer, you said, If God can get us through this, he can get us _12 anything! The entire crowd stopped dead _13 _. I swear you couldnt hear anything but

39、the rain. We all stood silently. No one came or _14 in the next few minutes. Mom 15 and thought for a moment about what she would say. Now some would laugh it _ 16 and scold her for being silly. Some might_ 17 _ ignore what was said. But this was a moment of affirmation in a young childs life. Time

40、when innocent trust can be 18 _ so that it will bloom into faith. Honey, you are _19 _ right. Lets run through the rain. If get wet, well maybe we just needed washing, Mom said. Then_ 20 _ they ran. 1. A.walking B.running C.flowing D.pouring2. A.a moment B.a minute C.a hurry D.a week3. A.flow down B

41、.set down C.put down D.break down4. A.hurried B.annoyed C.smiled D.pleased5. A. bored B.interested C.concerned D. lost6. A.running B.walking C.playing D.worrying7. A.memories B.worries C.surprises D.puzzles8.A.trance B. silence C.surprise D.absence9. A.turns down B.breaks down C.slows downD.passes d

42、own10. A.soaked B.moved C.troubled D.trapped11. A.regret B.remember C.forget D.mind12. A.to B.for C.through D.of13. A. quiet B.aloud C.calm D. silent14. A.walked B.rode C.drove D.left15. A.paused B.stepped C.answered D.shouted16. A.over B.at C.off D. to17. A.ever B.once C.then D.even18. A.trained B.

43、practised C.explained D.concluded19. A.generally B.eventually C.luckily D. absolutely20. A.on B. off C.round D. through【思路点拨】本文为记叙文。文章大意：通过叙述母女避雨、雨中对话，及母亲最后肯定了女儿的看法与女儿一同冲进雨中的经过，说明世间万物皆有自己的季节，做任何事情也有一个恰当的时机。【答案与解析】1.D。从后文“雨下到屋檐的水槽上”得知外面正在下雨；A.walking走路B.running跑C.flowing流淌D.pouring下大雨。据情景和句意答案选D。2.C.

44、。3.A。由前文外面下大雨so much得知是“雨水溢满了檐槽，来不及排走，就迫不及待地涌向了大地。” 2. A.(in) a moment /B.(in)a minute 一会儿之后 C.(in) a hurry 匆匆忙忙 D.(in)a week一周之后。故答案选C合情景。3. A.flow down往下流B.set down往下落C.put down记下、弄倒D.break down垮掉；据句意答案选A。4. B。句意“大家在等待，有的人很耐心，也有人烦躁，因为老天在给他们本已忙碌的一天添乱。” 4. A.hurried 匆忙、赶紧B.annoyed烦躁、生气C.smiled微笑 D.pleased高兴。据情景答案选B。5.D。句意“我出神地听着、看着老天洗刷冲走这世界的污垢和尘埃”；40. A. (get )bored 生烦 B.( get) interested感兴趣 C.(get )concerned关心D. (Get )lost陷入沉思；据文意答案选D。6.A。