一份改变您健康观念的演讲(转)（二）.doc

《一份改变您健康观念的演讲(转)（二）.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《一份改变您健康观念的演讲(转)（二）.doc（6页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟。一份改变您健康观念的演讲(转) philipzimbardo：thepsychologyoftimeiwanttosharewithyousomeideasaboutthesecretpoweroftime，inaveryshorttime. video：allright，starttheclockplease.30secondsstudio.keepitquietplease.settledown.itsabouttime.endsequence.takeone.15secondsstudio.10，nine，eight，seven，six，five，four

2、，three，two. philipzimbardo。letstuneintotheconversationoftheprincipalsinadamstemptation.”comeonadam，dontbesowishy-washy.takeabite.”“idid.”“onebite，adam.dontabandoneve.”“idontknow，guys.idontwanttogetintrouble.”“okay.onebite.whatthehell。”（laughter） lifeistemptation.itsallaboutyielding，resisting，yes，no，

3、now，later，impulsive，reflective，presentfocusandfuturefocus.promisedvirtuesfallpreytothepassionsofthemoment. ofteenagegirlswhopledgedsexualabstinenceandvirginityuntilmarriage-thankyougeorgebush-themajority，60percent，yieldedtosexualtemptationswithinoneyear.andmostofthemdidsowithoutusingbirthcontrol.som

4、uchforpromises. nowletstemptfour-year-olds，givingthematreat.theycanhaveonemarshmallownow.butiftheywaituntiltheexperimentercomesback，theycanhavetwo.ofcourseitpays，ifyoulikemarshmallows，towait.whathappensistwo-thirdsofthekidsgiveintotemptation.theycannotwait.theothers，ofcourse，wait.theyresistthetempta

5、tion.theydelaythenowforlater. waltermischel，mycolleagueatstanford，wentback14yearslater，totrytodiscoverwhatwasdifferentaboutthosekids.therewereenormousdifferencesbetweenkidswhoresistedandkidswhoyielded，inmanyways.thekidswhoresistedscored250pointshigheronthesat.thatsenormous.thatslikeawholesetofdiffer

6、entiqpoints.theydidntgetinasmuchtrouble.theywerebetterstudents.theywereself-confidentanddetermined.andthekeyformetoday，thekeyforyou，is，theywerefuture-focusedratherthanpresent-focused. sowhatistimeperspective。thatswhatimgoingtotalkabouttoday.timeperspectiveisthestudyofhowindividuals，allofus，dividethe

7、flowofyourhumanexperienceintotimezonesortimecategories.andyoudoitautomaticallyandnon-consciously.theyvarybetweencultures，betweennations，betweenindividuals，betweensocialclasses，betweeneducationlevels.andtheproblemisthattheycanbecomebiased，becauseyoulearntoover-usesomeofthemandunder-usetheothers. what

8、determinesanydecisionyoumake。youmakeadecisiononwhichyouregoingtobaseanaction.forsomepeopleitsonlyaboutwhatisintheimmediatesituation，whatotherpeoplearedoingandwhatyourefeeling.andthosepeople，whentheymaketheirdecisionsinthatformat-weregoingtocallthem”present-oriented，”becausetheirfocusiswhatisnow. for

9、others，thepresentisirrelevant.itsalwaysabout”whatisthissituationlikethative experiencedinthepast。”sothattheirdecisionsarebasedonpastmemories.andweregoingtocallthosepeople”past-oriented，”becausetheyfocusonwhatwas. forothersitsnotthepast，itsnotthepresent，itsonlyaboutthefuture.theirfocusisalwaysaboutan

10、ticipatedconsequences.cost-benefitanalysis.weregoingtocallthem”future-oriented.”theirfocusisonwhatwillbe. so，timeparadox，iwanttoargue，theparadoxoftimeperspective，issomethingthatinfluenceseverydecisionyoumake，youretotallyunawareof.namely，theextenttowhichyouhaveoneofthesebiasedtimeperspectives.wellthe

11、reisactuallysixofthem.therearetwowaystobe present-oriented.thereistwowaystobepast-oriented，twowaystobefuture.youcanfocusonpast-positive，orpast-negative.youcanbepresent-hedonistic，namelyyoufocusonthejoysoflife，orpresent-fatalist-itdoesntmatter，yourlifeiscontrolled.youcanbefuture-oriented，settinggoals

12、.oryoucanbetranscendentalfuture：namely，lifebeginsafterdeath.developingthementalflexibilitytoshifttimeperspectivesfluidlydependingonthedemandsofthesituation，thatswhatyouvegottolearntodo. so，veryquickly，whatistheoptimaltimeprofile。highonpast-positive.moderatelyhighon future.andmoderateonpresent-hedoni

13、sm.andalwayslowonpast-negativeandpresent-fatalism.sotheoptimaltemporalmixiswhatyougetfromthepast-past-positivegivesyouroots.youconnectyourfamily，identityandyourself.whatyougetfromthefutureiswingstosoartonewdestinations，newchallenges.whatyougetfromthepresenthedonismistheenergy，theenergytoexploreyours

14、elf，places，people，sensuality. anytimeperspectiveinexcesshasmorenegativesthanpositives.whatdofuturessacrificeforsuccess。theysacrificefamilytime.theysacrificefriendtime.theysacrificefuntime.theysacrificepersonalindulgence.theysacrificehobbies.andtheysacrificesleep.soitaffectstheirhealth.andtheylivefor

15、work，achievementandcontrol.imsurethatresonateswithsomeofthetedsters.（laughter） anditresonatedforme.igrewupasapoorkidinthesouthbronxghetto，asicilianfamily-everyonelivedinthepastandpresent.imhereasafuture-orientedpersonwhowentoverthetop，whodidallthesesacrificesbecauseteachersintervened，andmademefuture

16、oriented.toldmedonteatthatmarshmallow，becauseifyouwaityouregoingtogettwoofthem，untililearnedtobalanceout.iveaddedpresent-hedonism，iveaddedafocusonthepast-positive，so，at76yearsold，iammoreenergeticthanever，moreproductive，andimhappierthanihaveeverbeen. ijustwanttosaythatweareapplyingthistomanyworldprob

17、lems：changingthedrop-outratesofschoolkids，combatingaddictions，enhancingteenhealth，curingvetsptsdwithtimemetaphors-gettingmiraclecures-promotingsustainabilityandconservation，reducingphysical rehabilitationwherethereisa50-percentdropoutrate，alteringappealstosuicidalterrorists，andmodifyingfamilyconflictsastime-zoneclashes. soiwanttoendbysaying：manyoflifespuzzlescanbesolvedbyunderstandingyourtime perspectiveandthatofothers.andtheideaissosimple，soobvious，butithinktheconsequencesarereallyprofound.thankyousomuch.（applause） 第 6 页 共 6 页