小学初级中学一般现在时有关知识归纳.doc

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1、,小学初中一般现在时相关知识总结定义：经常发生、反复发生的事，持久不变的事,具有普遍性和一般性。比如你叫什么名字，一般不会今天叫什么，明天又换了个名字。例如I am tom.比如个人爱好，一般不会突然变了。例如I like play football.再比如，Beijing is in China.这是持久不变的，一般不会哪天不在中国了。特点：一般现在时句子里会经常看到以下这些表示时间性的状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays句子构成：be动词型 行

2、为动词型 情态动词型be动词型（be翻译为“是”）I am Tom.He is Daming.She is Lingling.It is Huihui.You are students.They are students.We are students.My name is tom.I am fine. Thank you.行为动词型（行为动词就是有一定行为的动词。如跑、跳、走、工作、游戏、玩）I like play football with my friend every day.I often go to the park on Sunday.They visit their grand

3、parents once a week.情态动词型:can、may 、mustI can dance.They can speak English.I must go home now.第三人称单数形式: 在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词常在动词原形后加-s或-es。先来理解什么是“人称的单复数”和什么叫“人称代词”。“ I我”是第一人称单数，“We我们”是第一称复数。“You你、你们”是第二人称，英语用法不分单复数。那么剩下的就是第三人称的单数和复数形式了。“He他、She她、It它”，是第三称单数，“They他们、她们、它们”，是第三称的复数。I、You、He、She、It

4、、They、We，这些词就是人称代词。我们现在知道了，人称代词“he, she, it”是第三人称单数，它在一般现在时中做主语时，后面出现的动词要在原形后加-s或-es。人称代词“he, she, it”作主语时He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。（has是have的第三人称单数形式，这是例外形式，不能加-s或-es）He has a dog.他有一条狗。It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。理解了这些，那么再想想还有没有别的形式的代词也是第三人称单数形式。看以下形式：单个人名、地名或

5、称呼做主语时Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。 Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。 Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。单数可数名词或“this / that / the+单数可数名词”作主语时Horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。 The cat is Lucys. 这只猫是露茜的。 不定代词someone, somebody, nobody

6、, everything, everyone，something等作主语时和指示代词this, that,there作主语时Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。 There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。 This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。 That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦。 不可数名词作主语时The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 The bread is very small. 那面包很小。当数字或字母作主语时“6” is a lucky number. “6”是

7、个吉利数字。 “Q” is a letter. “Q”是个字母。动词第三人称单数规则和发音规则与名词变复数的规则相同一般现在时变否定句：be动词型：在be动词后加not.He is Tom.He is not Tom.( is not可以简写成isnt )They are student.They are not student.( are not可以简写成arent)I am Jack. I am not Jack.(am not可以简写成aint，aint是古英语的用法,现在仅用于诗歌,标准英语中没有am not的缩写了)This is a book. This is not a book

8、.行为动词型: 在动词前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，要用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。Have,Has表示有时可以用上面的办法，也可以直接在它们后面直接加not.I teach English.I dont teach English.He eats an apple every morning.He doesnt eat every morning. Jim does his homework at eight oclock.Jim doesnt do his homework at eight oclock.Marry goes to school on foot.Marry do

9、esnt go to school on foot.I have a watch.I dont have a watch.I havent a watch.He has a dog.He doesnt have a dog.He hasnt a watch.情态动词型:（can,must,may）I can dance.I can not dance.(can not=cant)They can speak English.They cant speak English.(cant=can not)以下涉及初中内容，为延伸内容。当must be用来表示推测，表示“一定”时，其否定式要用can

10、not.He must be on the playground.他一定在操场上。He can not be on the playground.He cant be one the playground.他不可能在操场上。当“must+行为动词”用来表示“必须”的含义时，其否定式用needntI must go home now.我现在必须回家。I neednt go home now.(neednt=need not)我现在不必回家。I must finish my homework today.我今天必须完成我的家庭作业。I neednt finish my homework today

11、.我今天不必完成我的家庭作业。当“may+行为动词”用来表示“可以”的含义时，其否定式用mustnt，而不用may not。mustnt表示“禁止”，语气极为生硬。You may come in now.你现在可以进来。You mustnt come in now.你不许进来。你严禁进入。He may watch TV.他可以看电视。He mustnt watch TV.他禁止看电视。一般现在时变否定句注意要点,也适用于变疑问：见到some 变否定句时,要换成any. I eat some apples. I dont eat any apples.He has some books. He

12、doesnt have any books.见到and 变否定句时,要换成or.There is some air and water on the moon. There isnt any air or water on the moon.He has some brothers and sisters. He hasnt any brothers or sisters. He doesnt have any brothers or sisters.He eats apples and oranges.He doesnt eat apples or oranges.见到too和also变否定

13、句时,要换成either.Tom goes to school too.Tom doesnt go to school either.I also like sing.I either line sing.见到already变否定句时,要换成yet。He has had supper already.He hasnt had supper yet.一般现在时变疑问句：Be动词型，直接把Be动词提前。(例外情况是，遇到I时一般要换成you,am换成are，遇到We时一般要换成you.)I am Tom.Are you tom?Am I tom?有没有这样的问句呢，有，当一个人变傻，不知道自己时谁

14、时，就会这样问。这样的情况很少。We are students. Are you students?He is Daming. Is he Daming?You are students. Are you students?They are students. Are they students?行为动词型：用助动词do/does提问，does用在第三人称单数句子中，前且第三人称动词要恢复成原型。Have和has做行为动词时既可以用上面的方法，也可以直接提前。(例外情况是，遇到I时一般要换成you,遇到We时要换成you)They go to school on foot.Do they go

15、 to school on foot.He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。Does he like watching Tv?She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。Has she lunch at twelve?Does she have lunch at twelve?I have a dog.Have you a dog?Do you have a dog?情态动词型:情态动词提前You must finish your work today.Must you finish your work today?Must I finish my work today?He can sing.Can he sing?I may help you. May I help you?newmonk2011.3.17