2019高考英语一轮优练题Unit1GreatScientists含解析新人教版必修5.doc

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1、Unit 1 Great Scientists李仕才(必修5Unit 1)【短文语法填空】With the development of modern society and high technology, children wear more and more beautiful and fashionable clothes. More children 1 (allow) to choose their favorite clothes, which is 2 relatively new trend. Many years ago, children had to suffer th

2、e whims(突发奇想)of adults as far as clothes were concerned. Like 3 (adult) clothes, childrens clothes followed fashions as well. About 120 years 4 , boys in Europe and America wore white ankle-length dresses, just like their sisters, until they 5 (reach) the age of five. Older boys from wealthy 6 (fami

3、ly) were then dressed in pretty velvet(丝绒) suits 7 lace collars. Their hair was grown to shoulder length 8 longer. For many unlucky boys, these carefully planned and organized costumes were nor reserved for special occasions; they had to wear the same 9 (restrict)and uncomfortable outfits for everyd

4、ay play. Clean and proper clothes say that the person has both self-respect and respect for other people. Clothing can tell quite a lot about the person, sometimes more than we would like to reveal. So we should pay more attention to 10 (wear) proper clothes in different occasions. 【文章大意】文章讲述了在西方，孩子

5、们服装的发展，同时说明了着装的注意事项。1.are allowed【解析】考查时态和语态。文章讲述的是现在的情况，所以用一般现在时；句子的主语More children与allow构成被动关系，所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are allowed。2.a【解析】考查冠词。此处指“一种比较新的趋势”，relatively是辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。3.adults【解析】考查名词。句意：如同成年人的衣服，孩子们的服装也紧跟时尚。此处用名词作定语。故填adults。4.ago【解析】考查副词。“time+ago”指“多长时间之前”。故填ago。5.reached【解析】考查时态。根据时间状

6、语“About 120 years ago”可知，谓语用一般过去时态。故填reached。6.families【解析】考查名词。此处指“来自富有家庭的大一点的男孩子”，根据事实逻辑，应该用复数。故填families。7.with8.or【解析】考查连词。此处指“他们的头发到达肩部或者更长一些”。故填or。9.restrictive【解析】考查形容词。与uncomfortable相并列，此处用形容词来修饰名词outfits。故填restrictive。10.wearing【解析】考查非谓语。短语pay attention to中，to是介词，后面跟名词或动名词。故填wearing。.阅读理解A“

7、She was lost in her book.”“He couldnt put the book down.”“I was on the edge of my seat.”These are all common phrases that we may use to describe the experience we have when we read books.In the middle of a good book,we may feel as though we have left the real world behind.So how do our minds use the

8、 letters on the page to let us step into the shoes of our favorite characters and experience the events in a story?Recent studies show that the reason is because our minds really do pretend that we are actually participating in the story.Just like a flight simulator(模拟器) allows training pilots to pr

9、actice flying a plane,stories seem to be a life simulator,allowing our minds to pretend they are doing all sorts of interesting activities.Let us take a look at some of these studies.In one set of studies,scientists presented the participants in their study with sentences like “The man saw the bird

10、in the sky”and “The man saw the bird in the nest.”Participants in the study would read the sentences on a computer screen,and would then see an image on the screen that either matched or did not match the sentences.People would click a button faster when the sentence and image matched than when they

11、 did not match.Notice that there is nothing in the sentence that tells the participants in the study how the bird should lookboth sentences simply say,“the bird”.So,when people are faster to respond to the matching image,we can conclude it is because of perceptual(感觉的) simulation.In new research,sci

12、entists are also beginning to find that difficulty creating these mental simulations is related to difficulty understanding and following stories that are longer and more detailed.So,for some children,not being able to see the stories in their minds may make it harder for them to keep track of every

13、thing that is going on and where,when and why it is going on.This means that this research is important,not only because it tells us something interesting about how our minds work but also because the findings could someday help teachers and parents find new ways to help children who are having diff

14、iculty with reading.1.According to Paragraph 1,readers are likely to .A.get lost in a bookB.forget what they have readC.have difficulty keeping readingD.get different feelings from the same book2.A flight simulator is mentioned to .A.show the advantages of readingB.explain how to read more efficient

15、lyC.show the differences between reading and flyingD.explain what happens in our minds while reading3.What can we infer from the studies mentioned in Paragraph 3?A.Readers are good at matching.B.Readers prefer images to words.C.Readers are usually very imaginative.D.Readers create mental images whil

16、e reading.4.The research findings mentioned in the text may help .A.people read carefully for detailsB.people read short articles quicklyC.those who find it difficult to readD.those who show no interest in readingBMany years ago，when we were a young couple with two small children，aged 2 and 4，we wer

17、e practically impecunious.My inlaws lived from hand to mouth，so we didnt expect any help from them.My parents lived a great distance away，and I was too ashamed to let them know about our situation.My husband was trying to earn a living with an old pickup truck，carrying groceries for local shopkeeper

18、s，but it was constantly breaking down.It took almost all the money we had to have it fixed.The truck was also the only means of transportation for us.We lived in the countryside，and we always used the back door because the driveway led to it.One winter evening，I stepped outside to take a bag of tras

19、h to the barrel and almost tripped over something.It was nearly dark，and I had to bend down to see what it was.I could hardly believe my eyes.There sat a large basket loaded with food.It was heavy，so I called my husband to carry it into the house.Once inside，we discovered two loaves of bread，some bu

20、tter，several cans of vegetables，a can of orange sauce，and a large turkey.There was so much that I couldnt remember it all，but it was everything we needed to fix a wonderful dinnereverything except potatoes.A little while later I remembered that I hadnt taken the trash to the barrel.By now it was dar

21、k，so I had to turn on the yard lightand thats when I spotted a small bag of potatoes sitting on the porch.That dinner was the best I could remember.We werent able to thank our donators，though，because we never found out who had been so generous in helping a struggling young family.Whoever it was，we a

22、re forever grateful.1Which of the following can replace the underlined word “impecunious”in Paragraph 1?AGenerous. BHarmonious.CPenniless. DStubborn.2How did the authors husband support the family?ABy starting a garage.BBy selling food door to door.CBy delivering goods.DBy working as a shop assistan

23、t.3How did the author feel when she saw the basket?AShe was annoyed.BShe was astonished.CShe was terrified.DShe felt a sense of relief.4What may be the best title for the text?AA helping hand in timeBA struggling young coupleCA tale of potatoesDA reward from a stranger【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。“我”和丈夫有两个孩子，很多年前

24、，我们生活贫困，但羞于将处境告诉父母。丈夫用一辆旧卡车送货谋生。一天晚上，“我”在家门口发现一篮子丰盛的食物，那一餐令“我”终生难忘。“我”将永远感谢那位送食物给“我”家的人。【难句分析】There was so much that I couldnt remember it all，but it was everything we needed to fix a wonderful dinnereverything except potatoes.分析：该句由but连接的两个分句构成，其中第一个分句用了so.that.结构，表示“如此以至于”；第二个分句中we needed to fix a

25、 wonderful dinner为省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰先行词everything。译文：有如此多的东西以至于我都记不全了，但除了土豆，我们准备一顿丰盛的晚餐所需要的东西都有了。1C考查词义猜测。根据第一段最后一句“My parents lived a great distance away，and I was too ashamed to let them know about our situation”可知，“我”的父母住在很远的地方，“我”羞于让他们知道我们的处境；结合该段中的“when we were a young couple with two small chi

26、ldren，aged 2 and 4，we were practically impecunious”可知，我们是有着两个孩子的年轻夫妻，据此可以推知，我们的日子过得相当贫穷，才会羞于让远方的父母知道我们的情况。据此可以判断，画线词意为“贫穷的”，故C项正确。A项意为“慷慨的，大方的”，B项意为“和谐的，和睦的”，D项意为“固执的”，都与语境不符。2C考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句的“My husband was trying to earn a living with an old pickup truck，carrying groceries for local shopkeepers”可

27、知，“我”的丈夫用一辆旧卡车为当地的店主送货谋生，故C项正确。3B考查细节理解。根据第三段最后两句“I could hardly believe my eyes.There sat a large basket loaded with food”可知，看到一篮子的食物，“我”几乎不能相信自己的眼睛；据此可以判断，作者很惊讶，故B项正确。A项意为“她感到恼怒”，C项意为，“她感到害怕”，D项意为“她感到欣慰”，都与第三段最后两句的语境不符。4A考查标题判断。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了“我”和丈夫有两个孩子，生活贫困，但羞于将处境告诉父母。丈夫用一辆旧卡车送货谋生。一天晚上，“我”在家门口发现一

28、篮子丰盛的食物，那一餐令“我”终生难忘。“我”将永远感谢那位送食物给“我”家的人。据此可以判断，A项最能概括文意，体现文章主旨，故A项正确。.完形填空(2016郑州第二次质量预测)I had just started my second year studying at Cambridge University when I was faced with the news I had never expected.A lump in my neck 1 out to be cancer.I would 2 six months of chemotherapy(化疗).After the sho

29、ck,I was struck by this thought:my 3 didnt have any room for cancer.I had so much I wanted to 4 and so many goals I wanted to chase.I was faced with the 5 job of telling my friends and family.Then,I had to decide whether to 6 in Cambridge and take five exams at the end of the year.My doctor 7 agains

30、t it,and so did my parents and teachers.My doctors and teachers convinced me that taking some time off to 8 and relax would be the best thing for me.I could not think of anything 9.I did not want to 10 a year of my life,receiving pity from those around me.Together with my parents,I tried to persuade

31、 the university to 11 me to stay at Cambridge and study only half the course.At the end of the year I would take two exams.It was really a 12 to persuade them to agree.Treatment began and I was up and down from Cambridge to London every other week.It made me feel 13,but to a much lesser degree than

32、I had expected.I was 14 to read,eat and socialize exactly as I used to.I slept a lot and rested a lot,but I also worked hard at my studies.It gave me focus,and it also gave me purpose.Completing my 15 at the end of the term felt like a great personal victory.I took a 16 to continue studying while un

33、dergoing treatment,and it 17.I was successful in my examsand more 18,I made a full recovery.Every person facing a disease like cancer must make the 19 that are right for them.I am 20 that I made the decision that was right for me.1.A.stuck B.cameC.turnedD.worked2.A.requireB.expectC.senseD.arrange3.A

34、.bodyB.memoriesC.familyD.dreams4.A.faceB.achieveC.showD.understand5.A.necessaryB.temporaryC.difficultD.disappointing6.A.joinB.treatC.settleD.continue7.A.foughtB.advisedC.actedD.decided8.A.recoverB.exerciseC.studyD.play9.A.betterB.worseC.moreD.less10.A.saveB.spendC.takeD.miss11.A.helpB.remindC.allowD

35、.invite12.A.struggleB.failureC.burdenD.trouble13.A.tiredB.relaxedC.confidentD.nervous14.A.afraidB.readyC.ableD.eager15.A.purposeB.projectsC.treatmentD.exams16.A.restB.riskC.privilegeD.job17.A.ended upB.passed onC.paid offD.broke out18.A.clearlyB.interestinglyC.specificallyD.importantly19.A.choicesB.

36、changesC.effortsD.chances20.A.surprisedB.excitedC.determinedD.proud. 短文改错(2016太原一模)Yesterday my friend Julia and me had lunch in the Pizza Hut behind our school.I knew Julia wasnt crazy about pizzas,but she came along just because me.At the table next to ours,there were two guys from our class.One o

37、f them was real funny.He tried to imitate all the customer in the Pizza Hut.We couldnt stop to laughing.And there were some people whom did not like the fact that two boys were imitating them.They complained to an owner of the Pizza Hut,so he came over and tell them to stop.Seeing it,Julia and I was

38、 greatly embarrassed.考点规范练(必修5Unit 1).【解题导语】本文是说明文。研究表明,人们在阅读时大脑会假装正在参与书中的活动。1.A细节理解题。由第一段开头的三个句子及段末的“.we may feel as though we have left the real world behind.”可知,读者有可能沉迷于一本书中。2.D推理判断题。由第二段中的“Just like a flight simulator(模拟器) allows training pilots to practice flying a plane.interesting activities.

39、”可知,作者用飞行模拟器解释人们在阅读时大脑如何运作。3.D推理判断题。由第三段末的“.when people are faster to respond to the matching image,we can conclude it is because of perceptual simulation.”可推断,读者在阅读时,大脑会模拟书中的情景,使人有身临其境的感觉,即读者阅读时会根据书中的内容形成心智图像。4.C细节理解题。由文章末的“.the findings could someday help teachers and parents find new ways to help

40、 children who are having difficulty with reading.”可知。.【解题导语】本文为记叙文。“我”在剑桥大学读书期间患上了癌症,医生和老师都建议“我”休学治疗,但是“我”坚持边上学边治疗,最后“我”不仅顺利通过了考试,也完全康复了。1.C根据后面的out to be cancer可知,“我”脖子上的肿块原来是癌症;turn out to be为固定搭配,意为“结果是,证明是”。2.A根据上句可知,“我”脖子上的肿块是癌症;因此,“我”需要化疗。require意为“需要”,符合语境。3.D根据后面的“I had so much.I wanted to c

41、hase.”可知,“我”有许多梦想(dreams)要实现(achieve),有许多目标要追寻,“我”的梦想里没有什么空间可以放得下癌症,故D项正确。4.B参照第3题解析。5.C根据后面的“job of telling my friends and family”并结合语境可知,“我”患上癌症,将这个消息告诉朋友和家人是一件困难的(difficult)事。6.D根据后面的“.take five exams at the end of the year.”可知,此处表示这时“我”要决定是否要继续(continue)在剑桥的学业。7.B医生建议(advised)“我”不要继续读书。8.A医生和老师都

42、认为休学对于“我”的康复(recover)和休息是最好的选择。9.B根据语境可以判断,“我”很想留在剑桥继续上学,故此处表示“我”想不到比休学更糟的(worse)事情了。10.D根据语境及后面的“receiving pity”可知,医生建议“我”休学,而“我”不想失去(miss)一年的大学时光。11.C“我”努力说服学校同意(allow)“我”继续留在剑桥读书。allow sb.to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“允许某人做某事”,故C项正确。12.A根据后面的“to persuade them to agree”可以判断,说服学校接受“我”继续读书是一件难事(struggle)。13.A根

43、据上句中的“.I was up and down from Cambridge to London every other week.”可知,“我”每两周就要从剑桥到伦敦来回颠簸接受治疗;“我”感到很疲劳(tired)。14.C根据该句中的as I used to可以判断,“我”跟从前一样能够(able)读书、吃饭和社交。15.D根据上文第五段的倒数第二句“At the end of the year I would take two exams.”可知,“我”在年底要参加两场考试;因此,在期末完成考试(exams)对于“我”来说就像是一个巨大的成功。16.B根据该句中的continue st

44、udying while undergoing treatment可以判断,在治疗过程中“我”继续上学,这是冒险的(risk)。17.C根据下句中的I was successful in my exams可知,“我”考试成功了,“我”的努力终于奏效(paid off)了。end up意为“最终成为”,pass on意为“传给”,break out意为“爆发”,都与语境不符。18.D根据后面的“I made a full recovery.”可知,更重要的是(importantly),“我”完全康复了。19.A通读上文可知,“我”在是否休学去接受治疗的问题上做出了正确的选择(choices)。下

45、文中的“.I made the decision that was right for me.”是提示。20.D根据该句中的“.that I made the decision that was right for me.”可以判断,“我”对做出正确的选择感到骄傲(proud)。.短文改错Yesterday my friend Julia and had lunch in the Pizza Hut behind our school.I knew Julia wasnt crazy about pizzas,but she came along just because me.At the

46、table next to ours,there were two guys from our class.One of them was funny.He tried to imitate all the in the Pizza Hut.We couldnt stop to laughing. there were some people did not like the fact that two boys were imitating them.They complained to owner of the Pizza Hut,so he came over and them to stop.Seeing it,Julia and I greatly embarrassed. 11