高级中学英语高频词汇知识学习材料拓展延伸.doc
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1、,Aabandon v. 抛弃,舍弃,放弃同义词:desert v. 抛弃(着重指违背法律责任和义务,或自己的信仰与誓言的行为);擅离职守;开小差n.沙漠;荒地(易混淆词:dessert n. 餐后甜食;甜点)give up:侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃拓展:abandon the baby/friend/ the plan/ idea/ effort/ hope abandon oneself to 陷入,沉湎于 例句: He abandoned himself to despair. (in despair)ability n. 能力;才能 able a. 能够;有能力的拓展:the
2、ability to walk 行走的能力 be able to do sth.前缀:disable/disability the disabled/rich (the+adj.代表一类人)同义词:capability, genius, talent, competence, gift;able, capable, competentabnormal a. 反常的,变态的反义词:normal, informal, extraordinary, uncommonordinary people, extraordinarylife(在英语写作中可以用到)turn plain life into e
3、xtraordinarylife近义词:formal(正式的);ordinary(普通的ordinary people);common(常见的,共有的) have sth. in common;common sense常识commonwealth共和国;英联邦;团体;协会aboard prep. 上(船,飞机,火车,汽车等)去掉一个字母:board (board meeting董事会 boarding school寄宿学校)onboard上车,在车上或在飞机上 accommodation n.住宿,膳宿abolish v. 废除,废止形近:polish vt.& vi.(使)光滑,擦亮;变得完
4、美,润色 apple of polisher马屁精 apple-polish v. 逢迎;讨好, 拍马屁abortion v. 人工流产,堕胎联想:(get)pregnant adj.怀孕的 deliver a baby接生婴儿about ad. 大约;到处;四处 prep. 关于;在各处;四处 拓展:be about to do (when) =begoingtodo How/What about询问情况或建议absence n. 不在,缺席 拓展:absent-minded adj. 健忘的,心不在焉的 adv. 健忘地,心不在焉地 be absent from work/ school
5、present adj. 出席的 presence n. 出席absorb v. 吸收,使全神贯注拓展:be absorbed in 专注于,聚精会神于(同义词组:focus on, pay attention to)abuse v.(酗酒)滥用,虐待,恶语 助记:ab+use (ab是一个表示“不”的否定前缀) abuse alcohol/ drugs 酗酒 /嗜毒拓展: abuse power/ position/ privilege 滥用权力/职权/特权accept v. 接受 acceptance n. 接受拓展:acceptable adj. 可接受的;(社会上)认同的 unacce
6、ptable adj. 不能接受的access(to) n. / v. 通道,入径,存取(计算机文件)accessible a. 可到达的,可接受的,易相处的,平易近人的易混淆词汇:assess评定;估价accompany v. 陪同,陪伴,与同时发生拓展:accompany sb. to the supermarket company n. 作伴,伴侣accomplish v. 完成 (同义词:complete) accomplishment n. 成就,成绩拓展:accomplish the task/ purpose/ goal (在英语写作中可以用到)achieve vt. 达到,取得
7、 (同义词:gain) achievement n 成就拓展:achieve success/victory/ones goal (在英语写作中可以用到) a sense of achievement成就感 a sense of satisfaction 满足感 a sense of belonging归属感 a sense of responsibility 责任感accustomed(to) a. 习惯于,惯常的 拓展:be/ get/ become accustomed to doingbe used to doing 习惯于 used to do过去常常account n. 账目;描述
8、 (助记:ac+count )拓展:open an account开户;account of解释;on account of因为account for=take up/occupy 占倒装标志词:onnoaccount绝对不,无论如何不要(never, never,little,no ,hardly,seldom,not,by no means,in no case,in no time(立刻、马上),not until,no longer,no soonerthan,hardlyscarcelywhen,so,neither,only置于句首时,部分倒装)acquire v. 获得,得到(知
9、识) acquisition n. 获得,得到近义词:require, request 形似词:in/enquire require:常用被动语态,表示需要,要求,命令require doing sth., require sth. of sb. 或 require sb. to do sth.request:(语气委婉)表示请求,恳求,邀请in/enquire与of, about连用表示询问;与into连用表示调查.action n. 行动 拓展:act as 充当;扮演;起作用 take action to do sth. put sth. into action/practice 把付诸
10、实施助记: play戏剧,line台词, plot情节 play a role/part in=make a difference in 起作用active a. 积极的,主动的(passive被动的) activity n. 活动拓展:经常用副词actively take part in activities积极地参加各种活动 active /extinct volcano 活/死火山在写作中三多可以让句子生动从而提高分数:多用副词修饰动词,形容词修饰名词,副词修饰形容词acknowledge v. 承认 熟词生义:acknowledge sb. 向某人打招呼(完型常考点)across pr
11、ep. 横过,穿过 cross v.拓展:come/run across碰到=run into get across(使)被理解;(使)被接受accuse v. 指控,指责 拓展:accuse sb. of (doing ) sth. 控告 be accused of be charged withadapt(to) v. 使适应(adjust to),适合,改编 adaptation n. 适应,改编本拓展:adapt oneself to the new surroundings 调整自己适应新环境换一个字母: adopt v. 收养,领养,采纳adopt a child the adop
12、ted son/ daughter adopt a new policy/ a suggestion/ a plan/ an attitude adept adj. 擅长的 n. 专家,能手 be adept in at=be good ataddress n. 地址 vt. 写地址;向讲话(尤指演讲),解决(完型常考点)拓展:address the letter to sb. 给某人寄信 The president addressed the public.admission n. 准入, 接纳 admit vt. 承认,准许(入场,入学(录取),入会) 拓展: admit ones mis
13、takesadmit doing/having done 例句:He admitted having stolen the money.sb be admitted to被录取 He has been admitted to Beijing University.admission fee 入会费; 门票; 学费advance v. 推进,促进(promote);前进 advanced adj. 先进的/ 高级的拓展: in advance(ahead of time) 预先,事先 an advanced workeradvantage n. 优点(merit,strength,strong
14、point,virtue)好处 反义词:disadvantage (shortcoming;defect;weak point;weakness)拓展: take advantage of 利用 have an advantage over 优于 weigh advantages and disadvantages 权衡利弊advocate v. 拥护,支持(support, back),提倡affair n. 事,事情(私事;风流韵事)同义词:mission(军事)任务; task课业,一般事务; event(体育,大事)事件affect vt. 影响 affection n. 喜爱,钟爱同
15、义词:effect,influence have an effect/influence/impact on 对有影响afford vt. 负担得起(的费用);抽得出(时间);提供 拓展:can(not)/could(not)/be able to afford sth./to do sth. affordable housing 保障房,经济适用房against prep. 对着,反对(for 赞成) ,衬着拓展:stand against the wall 靠墙站着 ;be against sth. 反对例句:They are strongly against the plan.The p
16、ine tree were black against the morning sky.age n. 年龄;时代 (agingsociety老龄化社会)(有相关阅读)air n. 空气;大气 拓展:the USAirForce 美国空军 festiveair 节日氛围 Were poor and we never put onairs. 我们贫穷但从不装腔作势。in the air 悬而未决 on the air 在播放 off the air 停止播放alone adj/adv. 单独的 孤独的拓展: She is alone at home. 她独自一人在家。The shoes alone
17、 cost $200. “只有,仅仅” let /leave sb. /sth. alone 别打扰 let alone 更不用说 lonely adj.“孤单的,无伴侣的,无人烟的,荒凉的,偏僻的”拓展: a lonely man / island. feel lonely孤寂的,寂寞的 He lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely.alternative a.可供替代,非传统的(alter+native) 拓展:alter v. 改变 alternate adj. 轮流的;交替的 v.交替;轮流ambiguous a. 模棱两可的(这个词经常出现在阅读题
18、中问作者的态度是什么)阅读题中问作者的态度的高频词汇:positive肯定的 negative否定的; optimistic乐观的pessimistic悲观的; neutral/impartial中立的;compromise妥协的;cautious谨慎的; indifferent/unconcerned不关心的,冷漠的; objective客观的subjective主观的; favorable/approval赞成的的 disapproval不赞成的;supportive支持的; critical批评的;suspicious/doubtful怀疑的;tolerant容忍的;ambitious雄
19、心的,野心的;impractical/unrealistic不切实际的,空想的;practical/realistic现实的amuse vt. (使人)快乐,逗乐 amusement n. 娱乐 拓展:amuse sb. 使高兴 be amused by/at/ with 被逗乐 amuse oneself 自娱自乐 to ones amusement让某人发笑angle n. 角度;比喻(考虑、问题的)角度;观点同义词:point of view,viewpoint,standpoint, perspective stand in others shoes(站在别人的角度换位思考) (在英语
20、写作中可以用到)another(后+单数可数名词) a. 再一;另一;别的;不同的 pron. 另一个 单选考点:one is the other is;someotheranswer n. 回答,答复;回信;答案 v. 回答,答复;回信;(作出)答案 拓展: the answer to the question answer a question/the door/the phone answer for 对 负责 anxiety n. 担忧,焦虑 anxious a. 忧虑的,焦急的 拓展: be anxious about sth. for sb. be anxious to do st
21、h. 渴望的,急切的appeal v. 上诉,申诉,吸引力,恳求例句:The design has appealed to people of all ages. 吸引 I appeal to you to protect the environment. 恳求appear vi. 出现;(系动词: 似乎,好像 ) (反义词:disappear)appearance n. 出现,露面;容貌 例句:It appears that all the files have been deleted. 档案好像都已经被删除了。judge sbs by appearances/looking 以貌取人(j
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