被动语态讲解精选文档.ppt

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1、被动语态讲解本讲稿第一页，共三十三页1.Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.2.English is spoken by many people.4.Lucky 52 is watched on TV by many people.3.The tickets about heroes are sold out.5.Rice is planted in South China.6.He is said a good boy.本讲稿第二页，共三十三页语态：表示语态：表示主语主语和和谓语动词谓语动词之间的关系。之间的关系。英

2、语有英语有两种语态两种语态，即，即主动语态主动语态和和被动语态被动语态。主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。如：如：Many students study English.(主动语态主动语态)English is studied by many students.(被动语态被动语态)语态语态本讲稿第三页，共三十三页 助动词助动词be有人称、数的变化有人称、数的变化,其变化规则其变化规则与与be作为连系动词时一样。作为连系动词时一样。如：如：The desk is made of wood.The

3、 desks are made of wood.He is asked a question by the teacher.被动语态的结构被动语态的结构助动词助动词be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词不同的时态有不同的被动语态结构不同的时态有不同的被动语态结构1.1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：一般现在时的被动语态结构：本讲稿第四页，共三十三页by many students.1.Many students study English.Englishis studied2.They make shoes in that factory.Shoesare madeby themin that

4、 factory.本讲稿第五页，共三十三页1.把主动语态的把主动语态的宾语宾语变为被动语态的变为被动语态的主语主语。2.把主动语态的把主动语态的谓语谓语变为被动语态的变为被动语态的谓语谓语。3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by 短语。（短语。（by短语可以省。短语可以省。by短语短语 后跟代词的宾格。）后跟代词的宾格。）by the teacher.3.The teacher often asks him questions.Heis askedquestions本讲稿第六页，共三十三页They play football on Sunday.Lucy does

5、 the homework in the evening.They often use computers in class.We make these machines in Beijing.Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beijing.本讲稿第七页，共三十三页肯定句肯定句：主语：主语be+过去分词过去分词(by)否定句否定句

6、：主语：主语be not 过去分词过去分词(by)一般疑问句一般疑问句：Be 主语过去分词主语过去分词(by)?特殊疑问句特殊疑问句：疑问词疑问词be主语过去分词主语过去分词(by)被动语态的被动语态的时态时态是由是由be的时态决定的，的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词动词后面的过去分词不变。后面的过去分词不变。by many students.Englishis studiedby many students.Englishis not studied本讲稿第八页，共三十三页1.They bought ten computers last

7、term by them last term.2.2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were+过去分词过去分词last year.2.We planted many trees last year.Many treeswere plantedTen computerswere bought本讲稿第九页，共三十三页They built the tall building last year.He took good care of his little brother yesterday.We cleaned our classroom just now.They

8、used this room for resting.The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.This room was used for resting by them.本讲稿第十页，共三十三页3.3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：一般将来时的被动语态结构：will be+过去分词过去分词1.They will finish the work in

9、 ten days.by them in ten days.The work will be finished2.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.The roomwill be cleanedbyTom tomorrow.本讲稿第十一页，共三十三页We will have a sports meeting next week.Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow.The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.A sports meeti

10、ng will be had by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.本讲稿第十二页，共三十三页4.4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：含有情态动词的被动语态结构：can/may/must/should+be+过去分词过去分词1.Amy can take good care of Gina by Amy.Ginacan be taken good care of2.You sho

11、uld drink more water.More water should be drunkby you.本讲稿第十三页，共三十三页5.5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构现在进行时的被动语态的结构is/am/are+being 过去分词过去分词1.Some workers are painting the rooms nowby some workers now.The roomsare being painted2.He is watching TV.TVis being watched by him.本讲稿第十四页，共三十三页四、汉语中含有四、汉语中含有“被被”、“由由”等词时。等词时。例如

12、：例如：Tina is asked to come by PaulTina是被是被Paul叫来的。叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：He was born in October，1989 本讲稿第十五页，共三十三页6.6.现在完成时的被动语态的结构现在完成时的被动语态的结构have/has been 过去分词过去分词1.We have made twenty more keysby us.Twenty more keyshave been made2.We have finished our compositions.Our composition

13、shave been finishedby us.本讲稿第十六页，共三十三页表格：被动态基本结构时态被动语态结构一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时am/is/are donewas/were doneam/is/are being donewas/were being doneshall/will/be going to be donewould be donehave/has been donehad been done本讲稿第十七页，共三十三页Such books are written for children.Such books are

14、written for children.这些书是为儿童写的。这些书是为儿童写的。这些书是为儿童写的。这些书是为儿童写的。I havent been told about it.I havent been told about it.没有人告诉我这件事没有人告诉我这件事被动语态的用法被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.Its/was said/believed/reported/+that Its reported that about three hundred people were killed in this earthqua

15、ke.据报道，这次地震中大约有三百人死亡。据报道，这次地震中大约有三百人死亡。（2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。短语。The cup was broken by David.（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型.本讲稿第十八页，共三十三页如：如：1.He gave 1.He gave me a book.a book.I I was given a book by him.（以（以（以（以I I做主语）做主语）做主语）做主语）A bookA book was given to me by Tom.was given

16、 to me by Tom.（以物（以物（以物（以物bookbook作主语）作主语）作主语）作主语）2.He teaches 2.He teaches us English.WeWe are taught English by him.are taught English by him.（以人当主语）（以人当主语）EnglishEnglish is taught to us by him.is taught to us by him.（以物作主语）（以物作主语）（以物作主语）（以物作主语）被动语态的几种类型被动语态的几种类型1.带双宾语句子的被动语态带双宾语句子的被动语态.（指物的宾语叫直接宾

17、语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语）指人的宾语叫间接宾语）常见的接双宾语的动词有常见的接双宾语的动词有常见的接双宾语的动词有常见的接双宾语的动词有:to:pass,give,teach,show,bring,hand to:pass,give,teach,show,bring,hand for:make,buy,draw,sing,get,for:make,buy,draw,sing,get,以以“人人”当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；以以以以“物物物物”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加当主语时，在保留

18、的间接宾语前必须加toto或或或或for.for.本讲稿第十九页，共三十三页keep,make 三类的动词常常有宾语补足三类的动词常常有宾语补足 语，语，在被动语态中，宾语补足语位置不变。在被动语态中，宾语补足语位置不变。We keep food fresh in the fridge.主主 谓谓 宾宾 宾补宾补 Food is kept fresh in the fridge.I saw him go into the office building.He was seen to go into the office building.2.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态含有宾语补足语的句子的

19、被动语态本讲稿第二十页，共三十三页 不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词或副词.They take good care of my child.My child is taken good care of.I turned off

20、 the radio.The radio was turned off(by me)3.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态含有短语的主动语态变被动语态本讲稿第二十一页，共三十三页下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加式，不需再加by be covered with 用用覆盖着覆盖着 be interested in 对对感兴趣感兴趣 be surprised at 对对感到惊奇感到惊奇 be made of（from）用）用制造的制造的动词短语的被动语态动词短语的被动语态 take care of be taken care of cut down be cut

21、 down laugh at be laughed at look afterbe looked after本讲稿第二十二页，共三十三页即即feel,hear,listen,have,make,let,look,watch,see,notice，这些词在主动句中，其，这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加后的动词不定式不加to，但变被动句时必须，但变被动句时必须加加to.1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday.He was seento play basketball last Sunday.2.We heard them sing in the cla

22、ssroom.Theywas heardto sing in the classroom.4.4.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态感官动词和使役动词的被动语态本讲稿第二十三页，共三十三页（1）当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词）当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词 时，时，不能改为被动语态。不能改为被动语态。We often help each other.我们常常互相帮助。我们常常互相帮助。（2）当谓语是表状态的及物动词时（如）当谓语是表状态的及物动词时（如have,like,take place,belong to）如：如：I like these flowers.我喜欢这些花。我喜欢这

23、些花。I will have a meeting.不说不说A meeting will be had.应说应说A meeting will be held.5.5.不能用于被动语态的几种情况不能用于被动语态的几种情况本讲稿第二十四页，共三十三页 把下列句子变成被动语态把下列句子变成被动语态:1)A car knocked him down yesterday.2）Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team3）When I got there,they were cutting up a fallen treeA fallen tree

24、 was being cut up,when I got there.He was knocked down by a car yesterdayThe medical team is made up of by twoPractice本讲稿第二十五页，共三十三页4)Well put on the play next Sunday5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school6)They had completed the railway by the end of last year The play will be

25、put on next SundayA new teaching building is being built by workers in our schoolThe railway had been completed by the end of last year本讲稿第二十六页，共三十三页填空（完成被动语态填空）填空（完成被动语态填空）1.They often clean their classroom after school.（改为被动语态）（改为被动语态）Their classroom _ often _ by them after school.2.Li Lei gave To

26、m a new pen last week.（同上）（同上）A new pen _ _ _ Tom last week.iscleanedwas given byPractice本讲稿第二十七页，共三十三页3.A lot of people in China can speak English now.（同上）（同上）English _ _ _ by a lot of people in China now.4.I have learned English for about two years.（同上）（同上）English _ _ _ for about two years.5.They

27、will publish these story-books next month.（同上）（同上）These story-books _ _ _ next month.can be spokenhas been learnedwill be published本讲稿第二十八页，共三十三页6.Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week(济南市中考题）济南市中考题）another man-made satellite into space last week.变主动语态变主动语态7.People ther

28、e planted many trees last year.Trees _ _ by people there last year.(青岛市中考题）青岛市中考题）8.They grow vegetables on the farm.The vegetables _ _on the farm（上海（上海市中考题）市中考题）They sent upwere planted are grown中考题中考题本讲稿第二十九页，共三十三页1.In some countries,tea _ with milk and sugar.A.is serving B.is served A.is serving

29、B.is served C.serves D.served 2.Great changes _ in my hometown since 1980.2.Great changes _ in my hometown since 1980.A.have been taken place B.took place C.have taken place D.were taken place C.have taken place D.were taken place3.The new type of car is going to _ in three years.A.turn out B.be tur

30、ned out A.turn out B.be turned out C.has turned out D.have been turned out4.The woman murdered her friend and _ to _.4.The woman murdered her friend and _ to _.A.was sentenced,death B.sentencing,die A.was sentenced,death B.sentencing,die C.sentenced,death D.sentenced,die C.sentenced,death D.sentence

31、d,die被动语态专项练习：选择填空被动语态专项练习：选择填空本讲稿第三十页，共三十三页18.The new play _ in theatre now.Why dont you go in 18.The new play _ in theatre now.Why dont you go in and see it?and see it?A.is being shown B.is showing A.is being shown B.is showing C.is shown D.shows19.Can you tell _?19.Can you tell _?A.when did it ha

32、ppen B.when was it happened A.when did it happen B.when was it happened C.when it happened D.when it was happened C.when it happened D.when it was happened 20._ the job _ by Lucy or by John?Tell me the truth,please.A.Has finished A.Has finished B.Has being finished B.Has being finished C.Is finish C

33、.Is finish D.Has been finished D.Has been finished本讲稿第三十一页，共三十三页 1.Our school _in 2002.(开办)2.The young trees must_ _ _ well.(照顾)3._ this building_(建成)last year?4.The book _ _(写)by him last year.5.The bridge _ _(不建造)in1989.6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (举行)in UK in 2012.was openedbe looked afterWas built was writtenwasnt builtbe held完成下列句子：完成下列句子：本讲稿第三十二页，共三十三页本讲稿第三十三页，共三十三页