2016高考英语备考策略倒装句的讲解与训练.doc

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1、倒装句的讲解与训练倒装句 知识要点 倒装句就是将正常的陈述语序加以变化，主要作用是强调被提前的部分。倒装句可分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种。 疑难突破1. 完全倒装 （1）完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前（是整个谓语动词，而非助动词）。例如：The teacher came in and the class began.（没有倒装） In came the teacher and the class began. 老师走了进来，然后开始上课。（倒装了） （2）there引出的完全倒装句： 除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain,

2、 seem to be, stand等，一般都译成有的含义，构成完全倒装句。例如： There appeared to be a man in black in the distance. 远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。 （3）由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句：以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then 开头，后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等，而主语又是名词时，构成完全倒装句。 例如：Up climbed the boy when his mother came. （4）表示运动方向

3、的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装。 例如：Out ran the boy.那男孩跑了出去。（5）在强调状语时1）当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词为go, come等表示位置转移的动词时句子须倒装。例如： Up went the plane. 那飞机往上窜。 In came the chairman and the meeting began. 主席进来了，然后会议开始了。 注：如果主语是代词则不发生倒装。例如： Out they rushed!他们冲了出来。 Lower and lower he bent. 他把腰弯得越来越低。 2） 当句首状语为表示

4、地点的介词词组时，句子须倒装。例如： Round the corner walked a large policeman. 一个大个子警察走到这拐角处。 Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man. 在桌子底下躺着一个意识不清的男子。3）当句首状语由“only +副词”，“only +介词词组”，“only +状语从句”构成时，句子须倒装。例如：下面不属于完全倒装，是部分倒装。 Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. 他在昨天才发现自己的手表不见了。 On

5、ly because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end. 只因为有些订购被取消了他才取回了一些票据。 4）当句首状语为here, there, now, then等时，句子须倒装，主语是代词时，句子不用倒装。例如： Here is a ticket for you. 给你票。 Now comes your turn. 轮到你了。 Here he comes.他来了。 5）以关联词so (that)开头的句子中，句子须倒装。例如： So small was the mark that I c

6、ould hardly see it.那记号这么小以至于我几乎看不见。 So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus.工人们完成工作很迅速，以至于被发给补助。 So much does he worry about his financial position that he cant sleep at night. 他如此担心自己的经济情况，以至于晚上睡不好。 注：在该结构中，“so +形容词”是表语的前置；是全倒装。“so +副词”是状语的前置；是部分倒装。 在直接引语之后，在叙事性书面语

7、中，直接引语后常跟asked Mary, answered John, said the old lady, grunted Peter之类的词语。在这些词语中，动词常在主语之前，主语是代词时，不用倒装。例如： “What do you mean?” asked Henry.“What do you mean?” he asked.6） 当主语是代词，谓语是系动词，表语是说明性的词、词组和定语从句时，可以使用完全倒装句，起强调作用。例如：Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.他真幸运，被一所名牌大学录取了。Typi

8、cal for China is the crosstalk show where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play. 中国典型的是相声表演，两个喜剧演员通过文字游戏逗乐观众。2. 部分倒装 （1） 部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词等）放到主语前，或把句子的强调成分提前。例如：Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about 疾病没有使他放弃过上梦想中的生活。（2）

9、 以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法。例如：Not until yesterday did little John change his mind. 小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。In no country other than Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day. 据说除了英国世界上没有哪个国家能让人在一天中感受到四季变化。 （3） 以否定副词开头并加状语放在句首的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有ba

10、rely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely when, never, no sooner than, rarely, no more, not nearly, not only等以及only。 Only in the country can you learn the “true English”.（4）4）一些如scarcelywhen, no sooner than, hardlywhen引导的主从复合句主句要求使用过去完成式。 注意：在部分倒装句中，只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be可以置于主语之前，其它部分都要置于主语之后。 （5）often,

11、many a time等表示频度的状语置于句首时，句子须部分倒装。例如： Often did they think of going there, but they never had a chance. （6）在as, though引导的让步状语从句中 在as, though引导的让步状语从句中，一般将形容词、副词或名词等置于句首时，一般把表语放句首或谓语的部分放句首。例如： Small as the atom is, we can smash it. 原子虽然很小，但是我们能击碎它。 Child as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他年纪小，但是他懂得很多知识。（7）

12、此外，一些介词+no+名词的结构中需要用部分倒装，这些结构包括at no time; by no means; by no manner of means; for no reason; in no case; in/under no circumstances; in no sense; in no way; on no account; on no consideration; at no point例如Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money. 注意：a) 如果含有从句时，只要求主句倒装： 例：Only after he

13、had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake. 只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。 b) 如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分，不用倒装：例如：It was not until he went abroad that he knew the truth of the fact. 直到他出国以后才了解到事实真相。 c) 如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all时，意义类似almost no/ not/ never（几乎不、从不），则无须倒装。例如：Ha

14、rdly any people invited went there. 几乎没有什么受到邀请的人去那里了。（8） 由no matter how, however和how引导的状语从句要求部分倒装，因为形容词或副词通常紧跟在这三个引导词后面，然后才是主语和谓语，形成形式上的部分倒装句：例如：I know nothing about this river, neither how long, how wide nor how deep it is.我一点也不了解这条河，不知道它有多长，多宽或多深。 （9）由as引导的部分倒装句：1） 当as作为比较意义时，即用于as + adj./ adv. +

15、as结构中时，如果把第一个as省略掉，就形成部分倒装句。例如：Cautious as the rest of her family (was) , she didnt seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question. 正如她家里人一样谨慎小心，她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。 She charged the stairs, quick as a rabbit (ran). 她跑上楼去，跑得象兔子那么快！ 2） 当 as引导让步状语时，和although, though一样，当用作“尽管”之义时，可以用于部分倒装句。例如： Hard a

16、s he worked, he did not pass the exam. 虽然他很用功，但他还是没及格。 3）表示原因时，为了强调起见，也可以倒装。例如： Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.因为他太累了，我们决定不打扰他。4） 等于so时，意义是“也，也是”例如：She worked hard, so/ as did her husband. 她工作很努力，她的丈夫工作也很努力。 除了构成上述倒装句以外，还可以取代上文出现的名词、形容词甚至整句话，构成完全倒装句或部分倒装句。但这两种倒装的意义不同。 1) 当so表示“也，相同，那

17、样”时，通常表示对前一句肯定句的赞同、一致内容，要求使用完全倒装句。例如： He promised to finish my homework, so did I. 2) so /such that句型可以构成部分倒装句，表示强调so /such和that之间的部分： 例如：So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her.3) 也存在such + be +主语的情况用以强调，例如：Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements. 阿尔伯特?爱因斯坦是一个有伟

18、大成就的普通人。 4) neither和nor共有4种倒装形式，其含义分别为：完全倒装时，表示“也不”，和上文a）用法正好相反，表示对前一句否定句的赞同或一致内容。例如：You dont know what to do now, neither/ nor do I. 你不知道现在该做什么，我也不知道。和其它否定副词连用，表示也（不），也要求用完全倒装句 例如：The besieged enemy could not advance, nor / neither retreat could they .被包围的敌人既不能进，也不能退。注意：若把这句话改成：The besieged enemy c

19、ould neither advance nor retreat.被包围的敌人既不能进，也不能退。这就不必倒装。 She never laughed, nor did she ever lose her temper. 用在肯定句里，构成一般否定倒装。例如： All that is true, nor must we forget it. 那全都是真的，我们可不能忘记。 部分倒装作用有承上启下作用，表示同意和赞同：例如： A: I couldnt do anything for her. 我帮不了她。 B: Nor you could, but you might have got someb

20、ody to help her. 你是不能帮她，但你本可以找人帮她的。（10）在进行比较的句子里，如果主语不是代词时，可以倒装。例如：America consumes more energy than did our country. 美国消耗的能源比我们国家多。（11）在某些表示祝愿的句型中要求倒装。 “may + 主语 + 谓语” 这种结构表示一种愿望或诅咒。例如： -May you live a long and happy life!愿您健康长寿！ -May the best man win!希望最有实力的人获胜。 -May he never set foot in this hous

21、e again!但愿他永远不要再踏进这房子就好！ -May you break your neck!但愿你尽力！（12）在文学作品中常出现倒装，有些是由于语法习惯，有些是为了简单的修辞，例如： Not even one cloud will I bring away 不带走一片云彩。 注意: 不用倒装的地方。 如果only后面的词组不是状语，则不用倒装。例如： Only Wang Ling knows this . 如果直接引语后注明引语是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时，用倒装结构；主语是代词时，一般不用倒装。例如： （1）“ Lets go .” said the man. （2）“Come

22、here!” he said. （13）省略if的非真实条件状语从句中的倒装 虚拟结构中的条件从句省去if时，were, had, should须移至主语之前。例如： Had you worked harder at college, you would have got better job. 如果你在大学期间读书用功些，现在就会找到一份更好的工作。 Were he better qualified, he would apply for the position. 要是他的条件再好些，他就申请这个职位。 （14）what，how引起的倒装 以What, how开头的感叹句(表语或宾语提前)

23、。例如： What beautiful weather (it is)! 多好的天气啊！(表语提前) What a lovely picture he painted! 他画了一张多好的画啊！(宾语提前) （15）疑问词或连接词引起的倒装 在疑问词或连接词whether等引起的从句中。例如： Whatever you may say, I wont go there. 无论你怎样说，我都不会去那儿。(状语从句中宾语提前) What book he wants is not clear.他要什么书还不清楚。(主语从句中宾语提前) （16）关联连词位于句首时引起的倒装 1）not only.but

24、 also引起的倒装not only.but also位于句首所引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时形式或一般过去时形式，则为完全倒装形式。例如： Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but also we should try our best to overcome them. 我们不仅应该不怕困难，而且应该尽最大努力去克服它们。 2） neither.nor引起的倒装 neither.nor位于句首引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒装形式。例如： Neit

25、her Peter wanted the responsibility，nor did his wife. 彼得不想担此责任，他妻子也不想担此责任。 3） hardly.when/no sooner.than引起的倒装 hardly/scarcely/barely.when或no sooner.than位于句首所引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒装形式。例如： Hardly had he arrived when/No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again. 他刚到就又被请走

26、了。 4）比较状语从句的倒装 than引导的比较状语从句中的倒装： 由than引导的比较状语从句一般为正常语序。但是，如果主语较长，可将谓语动词置于主语之前，形成完全倒装。例如： Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than does eastern Nebraska. 内布拉斯加西部地区的降雪通常比东部地区少。 the more.，the more.结构中的倒装 在以the more.， the more.引导的倒装结构中，采用部分倒装；如果主句的主语较长，可将谓语动词置于主语之前，形成完全倒装。例如： The more books y

27、ou read（宾语提前），the wider your knowledge is（表语提前） 书读得越多，知识就越渊博。 即学即练1.Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize2. The old couple have been married for 40 y

28、ears and never once _ with each other. A. they had quarrelled B. they have quarrelled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled3. Little _ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself. A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared4. _ for the free tickets, I would not have

29、 gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not5. David has made great progress recently. _, and _. A. so he has; so you have B. so he has; so have you C. so has he; so have you D. so has he; so you have6. It was careless of you to have left your cl

30、othes outside all night.My God! _. A. So did I B. So I did C. So were you D. So did you7.John opened the door.There_he had never seen before. A.a girl did stand B.a girl stood C.did a girl stand D.stood a girl8.At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River_,one of the ten largest c

31、ities in China. A.lies Chongqing B.Chongqing lies C.does lie Chongqing D.does Chongqing lie9. Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away_. A.fleeing the thief B.was fleeing the thief C.the thief was fleeing D.fled the thief 直击高考1.（2014全国大纲卷）_the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well.

32、 A. Not do only B. Do not onlyC. Only not do D. Not only do2.（2014陕西卷）No sooner _ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. A. had Mo YanB. Mo Yan hadC. has Mo YanD. Mo Yan has3.(2013湖南卷) Not once _ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class. A. o

33、ccurred itB. it did occurC. it occurredD. did it occur4.(2013福建卷)Not until he went through real hardship _ the love we have for our families is important. A. had he realized B. did he realize C. he realized D. he had realized5.（2013江苏卷）“Never for a second,” the boy says,“ that my father would come t

34、o my rescue.” A.I doubtedB. do I doubt C.I have doubted D. did I doubt6.（2012重庆）The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor _ it a thought. A. does he even give B. he even gives C. will he even give D. he will even give7.（2012四川卷）This is not my story, nor _ the whole story. My story

35、 plays out differently.A. is there B. there is C. is it D. it is8.（2012江西卷） Never before _ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. A. had sheB. she hadC. has sheD. she has9.（2012辽宁卷）Not until he retired from teaching three years ago _ having a holiday abroad. A. he had consideredB. had h

36、e consideredC. he consideredD. did he consider10.（2014湖南卷）Only when you can find peace in your heart _ good relationships with others. A. will you keepB. you will keepC. you kept D. did you keep11.(2013江西卷）.Only when he apologizes for his rudeness _ to him again. A.I will speakB. will I speak C. do

37、I speakD.I speak12.（2013新课标全国卷II ）Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent properly in this hospital.A. can be the patients treated B. can the patients be treatedC. the patients can be treated D. treated can be the patients13.（2012江苏卷）There is little doubt in your mind that he is innoc

38、ent, _? A. is there B. isnt there C. is he D. isnt he14.（2012山东卷） I dont know about you, but Im sick and tired of this weather. _. I cant stand all this rain. A. I dont care B. Its hard to say C. So am I D. I hope not15. （2012陕西卷）Hot _ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired afte

39、r the long journey. A. although B. As C. While D. however16.（2012天津卷）Only Mary read her composition the second time _ the spelling mistake. A. did she noticeB. she noticed C. does she notice D. she has noticed17.（2013辽宁卷）At no time the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them. A. they actuall

40、y broke B. did they actually breakC. do they actually break D. they had actually broken18.（2013新课标II卷） Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent properly in this hospital_.A. can be the patients B. can the patients be treatedC. the patients can be treated D. treated can be the patients1

41、9.（2014福建卷）no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. A. Were there B. Had there been C. If there are D. If there have been20.（2014广西卷） the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well. A. Not do only B. Do not only C. Only not do

42、D. Not only do 倒装 即学即练1. A。以 not until 开头的句子要用部分倒装; 是一般过去时，在主语前要加did，谓语动词用原形。句意为：直到河里的鱼全死了村民们才认识到污染的严重性。2. C。由否定意义的词 never once 开头，句子用部分倒装。前一并列分句已经提示要用现在完成时态。3. B。以 little, never, seldom, hardly 等含否定意义的词开头的句子要用部分倒装; 后文表明要用一般过去时，所以要用 did he care。4. C。Had it not been?的非倒装形式为 If it had not been-?如果省略了

43、if，然后将 had 提到主语前。5. B。表示后者与前者的情况一样就用倒装; 如果是对上文加以肯定或强调“的确是这样”就不用倒装。句意是：-David 最近取得了很大的进步。-是的，他取得了很大的进步，你也取得了很大进步。6. B。对别人的话表示赞成“的确如此”，不用倒装。句意是：-你太粗心大意了，你的衣服在外面放了一夜。-哎呀！真的是这样。7.D。考查全倒装。 句意：约翰敞开门，一个他以前从来没有见过的女孩站在那里。以here, there, up, down等副词开头且主语为名词的句子通常用全部倒装语序，即把谓语动词提到主语的前面。8.A。考查全倒装。句意：在长江和嘉陵江汇合的地方，坐落

44、着中国十大城市之一的重庆。at引起的介词短语表示地点且置于句首，因此要用全部倒装语序。9.D。考查全倒装语序。属于“副词+不及物动词”倒装语序，此结构只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。A项不是完整的句子;B项时态不对;C项是正常语序。注意away，in，out，down，up等置于句首时句子应用倒装形式，但当代词作主语时则只把副词放句首，其余部分不倒装。 直击高考1.D。本题考查倒装句。句意：护士们不仅要求提高工资，还要求缩短工作时间。not only相当于in addition to being or doing something，意为“不仅，不但”，在句首引起句子时，该句用部分倒装，其结构为not only do/will/can etc.，因此D项正确。2.【答案与解析】A。本题考查倒装句以及时态。句意：莫言一登上舞台，观众就发出了雷鸣般的掌声。no sooner.than.“一就”是一个固定搭配，而且主句通常用过去完成时态；no sooner置于句首时，其后用部分倒装，所以选择A项。这个句子转化为正常语序为：Mo Yan had no sooner stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.3.D。本题考查倒装句。句意：迈克尔从来没有想过有一天他会成为班里的尖子生。not on