高考英语二轮复习：被动语态讲解（素材）.doc

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1、2022 年高考英语语法讲解年高考英语语法讲解被动语态被动语态被动语态的用法被动语态的用法语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，同一件事情往往可以通过主动句或被动句来表达，侧重点虽有所不同，但意思基本相同，一般说来，主动语态侧重于行为者，被动语态侧重于动作的对象或动作本身。被动语态的结构是“助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词”，助动词 be+有时态、人称和数的变化，被动语态的用法主要有以下几种：1、当我们不知道动作的执行者时，如Look！Theres nothing here

2、.Everything has been taken away.看！这里什么也没有。一切都被拿走了English is spoken all over the world.世界各地都讲英语2、当我们不必要提出动作的执行者时I was born in 1960我生于 1960 年Such things are not done twice.这种事不可再做3、当我们强调或侧重动作的承受者时通常用 by 引出动作的执行者She is liked by everybody.她为人人所喜欢A good time was had by all.大家都玩得很痛快4、当我们出于礼貌避免说出动作的执行者时Whe

3、re can you be reached？哪里可以和你接头？（避免说出“我”）Youll be contacted.我们会和你联系的（避免说出“我们”）5、当我们出于行文的需要时Helen was sent to the school by her parents when she was nine.海伦九岁时被父母送到这座学校6、有些动词习惯上常用被动语态He is said to be a good teacher.他被认为是一个好教师She is reputed to be the best singer in Europe他被誉为是欧洲最佳歌手疑问形式被动语态的用法：1、一般疑问句：

4、将第一助动词提到主语前The room was cleaned 房间被打扫干净了变成一般疑问句的被动语态为：Was the room cleaned.房间被打扫干净了吗？2、特殊疑问句句式是“疑问词+一般疑问式”。对主语进行提问的特殊疑问句，助动词不能提前。The room was cleaned yesterday by Tom.房间昨天被汤姆打扫干净了变成特殊疑问句为：When was the room cleaned by Tom？什么时候房间被汤姆打扫干净的？3、对主语进行提问：Who/Whom the room was cleaned by yesterday？昨天房间被谁打扫干净的

5、？（助动词 was 不能提前）被动语态的时态被动语态的时态由“助动词 be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词 be 有时态、人称和数的变化。(1)一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词。如：Rice is grown in south China.华南种植水稻。(2)一般过去时：was/were+过去分词。如：The glass was broken yesterday.这块玻璃是昨天打烂的。(3)现在进行时：am/is/are being+过去分词。如：The project is being carried out.这个计划正在执行中。(4)过去进行时：was/were being+过去分词

6、。如：This road was being built this time last year.这条路去年这个时候还在修建。(5)一般将来时：will be+过去分词。如：The cars will be sent abroad by sea.这些汽车将由水路运往国外。(6)过去将来时：would be+过去分词。如：The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。(7)现在完成时：have/has been+过去分词。如：This novel has been tr

7、anslated into several languages.这本小说已被译成了几种语言。(8)过去完在时：had been+过去分词。如：When I got to the theatre,I found the tickets had already been sold out.我到达剧院时，发现票已卖完了。被动语态运用的注意事项被动语态运用的注意事项（1）不能用于不能用于被动语态被动语态的的动词动词和词组和词组come true,consist of,take place,happen,become,rise,occur,belong,break out,appear,arrive,d

8、ie,fall,last,exist,fail,succeedIt took place before liberation.（2）下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义,而且常与而且常与 well,quite,easily,badly 等等副词副词连用。连用。lock(锁);wash(洗);sell(卖);read(读);wear(穿);blame(责备)；ride(乘坐)；write(写)；Glass breaks easily.玻璃容易破碎。The car rides smoothly.这车走起来很稳。The case locks easily.这箱子很好锁。The

9、 book sells well.这本书很畅销。（3）.不及物不及物动词动词无无被动语态被动语态。eg.The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.（4）.感官动词或使役动词使用省略 to 的动词不定式，主动语态中不带 to，但变为被动语态时，须加上 to。eg.make somebody do somethingsomebody+be+made to do somethingsee somebody do somethingsomebody+be+seen to do something（5）.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，

10、直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。eg.He gave me a book.A book was given to me by him.（6）.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。We cant laugh at him.He cant be laughed at by us.（7）.一些表示状态的动词没有被动语态,如 have,belong to，etc。（8）一些常用经典被动句型：一些常用经典被动句型：It is said,It is reported,It is widely believed，It is expected,It isestimated,这些句子一般翻译为“据说”，“人们认为”，而“以前人们认为”则应该说：It was believed,It was thought