高考英语阅读理解推理判断题解题策略精选文档.ppt
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1、高考英语阅读理解推理判断题解题策略本讲稿第一页,共二十五页 历届高考英语试题中,推理判断题的考查每年都占阅读理解试题一半左右,它将直接影响考生的英语整体成绩。推理判断题属于主观题,是层次较高的题目。很多考生对此感到困惑。下面笔者结合近年高考英语试题,从以下几个方面阐述英语阅读理解推理判断题解题策略,希望对大家复习备考有所帮助。本讲稿第二页,共二十五页 1.推理判断题的考查要求 推理判断题不但要求学生要理解具体事实细节,也要理解抽象的含义;既要理解字面意思,又要理解其深层含义,包括作者的态度、观点、意图等,领悟作者的言外的意(即我们所说的 read between lines);既要求理解文章中
2、某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系,又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行判断和推理。即综合概括、推导结论、推理判断。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存,推理是为了得出正确的判断,正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。判断题考查学生在理解文章的基础上,对不同观点进行评价和判断的能力。推理题考查学生由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隐含信息的能力。一、研究推理判断题的题型特征本讲稿第三页,共二十五页2.推理判断题的设题方式 推理判断题常以infer,imply,suggest,conclude,learn,intend,mean,describe,purpose等词提问,或提问中含有表示推测的情态动
3、词,如can,could,might,would等和其他表示可能性的动词,如probably,mostlikely等,常见的设题形式有:推测文章的观点或结论:Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?或It can be inferred from the passage that_.From the text we know/learn that _.From this passage,we can draw a conclusion that_.或We can conclude from the paragraph th
4、at_.本讲稿第四页,共二十五页推测作者的意图、观点、态度和写作目的及隐含意义:The tone of the passage can best be described as_.The purpose in writing this text is to_.The author implies_.Which of the following best describes the writers attitude towards_?In the passage,the author suggests that_.When he said,“”,he meant_.The author want
5、s to appeal to_.What kind of atmosphere does the writer want to create in this passage?Which of the following statements does the passage support?Which of the following do you think gives the most important trait(特性)of s character?本讲稿第五页,共二十五页推断文中未曾说出的内容:What do you think had happened before_?What d
6、o you think would happen after_?This event probably took place in_.The paragraph following the passage will most probably be_.What probably happened in the end?推断文章的出处:This passage would most likely to be found in_.The passage is most likely to be taken from_.是非判断题:Which of the following is(not)true
7、/false?逻辑排序题:Which of the following describes ones logic in doing sth?本讲稿第六页,共二十五页 1.正确选项的特点 推理判断题的正确选项往往不是文章直接或明确说明的内容,而是间接表达出来的,除符合文章主旨外,还符合逻辑,让考生有推敲的余地,另外,正确选项大多含义深刻,不是常识选项。有的考生要么仅凭自己的常识或主观想象理解文章中的细节,缺乏文章信息的支持;要么断章取义或片面理解,缺乏思维的严密性,导致无法选出正确选项。2.干扰选项的特点 干扰项的强弱直接影响试题的难度,推理判断题的干扰项一般具有很强的迷惑性,但如果能破解干扰项
8、设立的种种“伎俩”,问题就会迎韧而解。下面列举几例加以说明。二、破解推理判断题的命题“微技”本讲稿第七页,共二十五页 扩大概念:对于原文中的细节或论断的某方面程度进行了夸大处理,设立干扰项。例如,2008年福建卷第66题 Which of the following is TRUE about using your NatWest Credit Card?此题的干扰项 C.You can use the card in any shop across the world 里的across the world为“扩大”的范围,是根据文章倒数第三行(Pay in over 24 million s
9、hops worldwide that display the Maestrocard or Visa logo)的信息,把该句里起限定“范围”作用的定语从句(that display the Maestrocard or Visa logo)删除掉,考查学生判断信息准确与否的能力。本讲稿第八页,共二十五页例如,2010莆田市考71.Whats the passage mainly about?A.Students work in school.B.Students education and career.C.Parents worries about their children.D.Tw
10、o kinds of pressure on college students.75.Which of the following is Not True according to the passage?A.Students can feel the love from their parents.B.Parents do their best for the good of their children.C.Students often come into with conflict with their parents.D.Parents often respect their chil
11、drens choice and willingness.本讲稿第九页,共二十五页 以偏概全:英语阅读中的“隐义”题,主要是考查考生能否统揽全局,进行推断隐含意义的能力。设题时,往往采用“以偏概全”,把文章的某些“正确”的细节(Specific)作为底本,来设置“干扰项”,更具有迷惑性。例如,2010莆田市考60.The burglars in Story One did not take away all the money because .A.their van broke down and the police turned up B.they could not see the mo
12、ney clearly in the darkC.they thought that they did not need so much moneyD.they had not expected there would be so much money63.The writers purpose in writing the stories is to .A.look into the casesB.entertain the readersC.praise the policemen D.remind the readers of security 本讲稿第十页,共二十五页 偷梁换柱:英语阅
13、读中的“推理”题,主要是考查考生对某句、某段意的理解或对全篇文脉的把握。设题时,往往采用“偷梁换柱”来设立干扰项,考查考生的理解及捕捉信息能力;即采用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇来作为干扰项,但在某些地方换了几个词汇,造成句意的改变。例如,2010莆田市考(小推)59.We can infer from the passage that .A.Haiti was once ruled by FranceB.Haiti enjoys a peaceful politicsC.few countries made responses to UNs emergency appealD.t
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