高中英语语法专题复习拓展资料之代词.docx

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1、人称代词与物主代词一，人称代词1.人称代词的格人称代词的格指的是其主格和宾格两种形式。主格就是指代词做主语时所用的形式；宾格则是在句子中做宾语所用的形式。使用宾格有几种情况：1.动词，介词之后。The Lunar New Year was always a happy time for us Chinese children.Friends can make us happy.2.做表语。What would you do if you were him?3.单独使用。Most of the homework was done by two members of the family,my m

2、other and me.4.在 than 之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。He is older than me/I.2.人称代词的其他情况1）.当说话者不清楚或没必要清楚对象的性别时，可以用 It 表示。Its a lovely baby.Is it a boy or a girl?2）.人称代词也可用作为名词。Its not a she;its a he.3）.代词（they 不分性别）指代已经提过的一些人或事The Browns phoned.Theyre coming round this evening二，物主代词1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词

3、性物主代词和名词性物主代词。其分类如下：2.这两类代词用法的最大区别是:形容词性物主代词具有形容词性质和作用,作定语，修饰名词;名词性物主代词具有名词性质和作用,本身就可以做主语、表语或宾语.换句话说,形容词性物主代词后面必须加名词,而名词性物主代词后面不得加名词.1.Is this your football,boys?-No,it is not ours.Your 作定语，置于 football 之前，ours 作表语，置于 is 之后。2.Our school is here,and theirs is there.Our 作定语，置于 school 之前，theirs 作主语，置于 i

4、s 之前。3.注意1）形容词性的物主代词可作动名词的定语Would you mind my opening the windows?2）.名词性物主代词还可与名词及 of 连用构成双重所有格：a/an/this/that/That car of mine is always breaking down.3）These/those/some/any/no/every/each/another.+名词+of+名词性物主代词Some friends of mine will attend my party.不定代词一一，表两者或多者的不定代词，表两者或多者的不定代词都都不任一两者bothneithe

5、reither多者allnoneany注意：(1)all 指三者或三者以上“都”，both 指两者“都”(2)neither 表示“两个都不”，常和 of 连用，either 指两者之中的任何一个。(3)none 表示三个或三个以上“都不”，可用于人，也可用于物，用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中，或用于 never,hardly,without,if/whether 等词之后。练习1.Mr.Alcott refused to accept_（任何）of the three suggestions made by thestudents Union.2.There are many trees on

6、 _side（=_ sides）of the street.3._（都不）of the two cars is mine.4._his hands were wounded5.He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _ of themagain.注意主谓一致1.表示两者either-肯定含义-作主语时谓语动词用单数Either(of the books)is popular with the students.neither-否定含义-作主语时谓语多用单数Neither of the twins is c

7、orrectboth-肯定含义-作主语时谓语动词用复数Both are right.=Both of them are right.eitheror/neithernor 连接两个主语时，谓语适用就近原则Either you or your mother likes swimming.Neither you nor she is good at drawing.Both 与 and 构成并列连词，做主语时谓语用复数Both he and his brother are good at English.2.表示多者none-否定含义-其后可接 of 短语，可指人指物，作主语时如和 of 连用指不

8、可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，指可数名词时，谓语动词用单复均可。None of this money belongs to me.None of them has/have seen me before.any:三者或三者以上中的任何一个，表示“任何”意义的时候后面接单数可数名词；表示“一些”意义的时候后面可接可数名词复数形式。Take any book you want.There arent any students in the classroom.all:三者或三者以上全部；代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数，代替复数可数名词时，谓语用复数。All enjoy themselves.No

9、w all has been changed.注意 全部肯定/全部否定/部分否定全部肯定：all/both/everyone/everybody/everything/every+名词Everyone would like to watch you practice.I know both of them.全部否定：noone/none/nobody/nothing/neither/not.any/no+名词There is nobody in the reading room.None of that money on the table is mine.Neither of them ca

10、n sing very well.部分否定：not+全部肯定、everywhere/always/altogetherAll that glisters is not gold.=Not all that glisters is gold.You can not fool all the people all the time.Both methods are not practical.=Not both methods are practical.二，二，表另外的不定代词表另外的不定代词 other/others/the other/another(1)other 意为“其他的”，其后常接

11、可数名词复数形式，如果前面有 the,some,any,each,every,no 以及形容词性物主代词，也可以与可数名词单数连用。Do you have any other questions?(2)others 意为“其他的人或物”，相当于“other复数名词”，可构成 some.others.一些.另一些.Some people take great pleasure in helping and giving someone else while others feelhappy doing the opposite.(3)the other 有两种常见用法：the other 意为“

12、其他的”，其后常接可数名词复数形式，也可接不可数名词，表示特指概念；the other 意为“两者中的另一个”，常用于“one.the other.”结构。He has two daughters.One is a nurse,the other is a worker.Mary is much taller than the other girls.(4)another 意为“又/再”，指三者或三者以上中的另一个。常用于“another基数词名词”结构。该结构相当于“基数词more名词”If I choose to take the next bus,I would have to wait

13、 for another 30 minutes.三，表每一的不定代词三，表每一的不定代词each&every(1)each强调个体，而every则强调整体，与 all 相当。因此，与 almost,nearly,withoutexception 等连用时，可用 every,不能用 each.Every student in our class has a dictionary.(定语，强调班上“所有的人”)Each student in our class has a dictionary.（定语，强调各个个体）(2)each 可指两者，而 every 则不能。He had a cut on

14、each foot.(3)each 还可用作代词，而 every 只能用作形容词，且只能作定语。Each has his advantages.Every child in the class passed the exam(4)every 可表示“每(隔)”，但 each 不能The Olympic Games is held every four years.四，表一些的不定代词四，表一些的不定代词some&any（1）some：用于肯定句中，或用于建议、请求、邀请的疑问句中，或用于希望对方作肯定回答的疑问句中，也用于表示反问的否定疑句中。Would you like some more

15、bananas?（2）any：用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中，或用于 never,hardly,without,if/whether 等词之后。Id been expectingsome letters the whole morning,but there werent any for me.(全国)五，复合不定代词（五，复合不定代词（something/anything/nothing)注意(1)复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词要用单数。Everything is good when new，but friends when old东西是新的好，朋友是老的亲。(2)修饰复合不定代词的形容词要位于

16、后面。something important 重要的事。(3)something,somebody/someone,anything 还可作名词，意为“重要的事情(或人物)”。His wife is now somebody in television.（4）一些固定搭配:all but(差不多），anything but(根本不），nothing but（只不过，仅仅），none but(仅仅，只有）指示代词指示代词&反身代词反身代词一，指示代词的用法1)作主语This is the way to do it.2)作宾语I like this better than that.3)作表语My

17、 point is this.4)作介词宾语I dont say no to that.There is no fear of that.注意事项(1)this 和 these 是时间或空间上的“近指”，可与 here 连用；that 和 those 是时间或空间上的“远指”，可与 there 连用。This is a pen and that is a pencilWe are busy these daysIn those days the workers had a hard time(2)that 和 those 指前面讲到过的事物；this 和 these 则是指下面将要讲到的事物。

18、I had a cold.Thats why I didnt come.What I want to say is this;pronunciation is very important in learning English(3)有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用 that 或 those 代替Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai(4)this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方，不用 I 或 you。Hello!This is Mary.Is that Jack spe

19、aking?(5)this 和 that 还可表示程度，意为“如此，那么”，相当于 so，作状语。The ending is not that satisfactory.二，反身代词的用法1.作宾语1)动宾：Tom taught himself Chinese.2)介宾：The boy is old enough to take care of himself.2.用作表语:I am not myself today.3.用作同位语 The thing itself is not important.4.在不强调的情况下，but，except，for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。

20、No one but myself(me)is hurt.注意1)反身代词本身不能单独作主语。Myself drove the car.(错)I myself drove the car.(对)2)但在 and，or，nor 连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，特别是 myself 作主语。Charles and myself saw it.查尔斯和我看见了这件事。三，替代词1.it 表同类同物表单数Yesterday,I bought a football,but now I cant findit.2.one 表同类但不同物,表单数，可用形容词修饰，泛指There are many

21、TV sets in the store;Would you like to take one?(a TV set)3.ones 表同类但不同物,表复数，可用形容词修饰，泛指I dont like green apples;I like red ones.4.the one 表同类但不同物,表特指，表单数The bridge made of stone is much stronger than the one made of wood.5.that 表同类但不同物,指代单数或不可数The boy told me his story and that of his sisters.The po

22、pulation of China is larger than that of any other country in Asia.6.the ones/those 表同类不同物，表特指，表复数The books on the desk are better than the ones/those under the deskit 的用法一，it 用作实词1、指前面已提过的事物、想法或情况等e.g.He sent me a pen and I liked it very much.2、性别不明或不重要的人或动物e.g.The baby is crying.It must be hungry.

23、3、在语境中确认的某人或某事物e.g.Who is it over there?It may be Mr.Li.二，it 用作虚词1、指时间、天气、距离、环境等e.g.Its 5 kilometers from here to my school2、形式主语或形式宾语，真正的主语或宾语是后面的不定式、动名词或从句e.g.It is important for us to take exercise.It is no use crying spilt milk.It has been confirmed that he will retire next month.三，it 用于强调句型1.强调

24、句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that 从句(被强调的主语如果是人，that 可以由who 换用)It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and anhour hand was made.It was they that(who)cleaned the classroom yesterday.Was it in the street that you met her?Who was it that called him“comrade”?特例:It is not until+被强调部分+that.该句型也是

25、强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语直到.才.，可以说是 not.until.的强调形式。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.=Not until she took off herglasses did I realize she was a famous film star.=I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off herglasses.It was not un

26、til yesterday that I met my old friend.It is in a small factory that my brother is going to work.四，几个易混淆的 it 句型1.It is/was+时间+since 从已多久了It is three years since I met him in Beijing.It was a long time since I(had)lived in that small mountain village with these farmers.It is five months since I arriv

27、ed in New York.我到纽约已经五个月了。2.It+be+时间+before-clause这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语(如：a long time,months,weeks,days,hours,minutes)，主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为“过多长时间才.”。主句的谓语动词是否定式时，意为“没过多长时间就.”。主句的时态可用过去时 was 或将来时 will be；用 was 时，before 从句的动词用一般过去时；用 will be 时，before 从句常用一般现在时。It will be several years before we meet again.I

28、t was not long before they set out for the front.3.It+be+time+that-clause这个句型属虚拟语气结构，不管主句中用的是 is 或 was，that 从句都须用动词的过去式或 should+动词原型，在 time 之前有时可加上 high 或 about 以加强语气。例如：It is time(that)we handed in our exercises.(=It is time that we should hand in our exercises.)It is high time(that)she wrote a let

29、ter to her boyfriend.4.It+be+时间+when-clause这个句型中,it 指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词(时间一般为具体时间)。主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，主句是 will be，when 从句用一般现在时代替将来时。It was already 8 oclock when we got home.It was the next morning when we finished our work.It will be midnight when they get there.五，常用 it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式1.It is

30、 a pity/shame that2.It is no wonder that3.It seems appears that4.It looks/seems as if/though5.It happens that6.It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hit sb.that7.It is said/reported/announced/believed/hoped/suggested that8.It is no use/good/a waste of time doing sth.9.It takes sb.some time to do sth.10.主语+表示情感倾向的动词或动词短语+it+that/if/when(enjoy,prefer,hate,appreciate,rely on,count on)