副词知识点牛津译林版七年级上册.docx

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1、知识梳理 副词：1.副词的形式：在形式上，许多副词由相应的形容词加后缀-ly构成，如bad-badly，quick-quickly;有些则与形容词同形，如high，fast，far等。注意：以辅音+y结尾的形容词变为副词时，须把y变i，再加-ly，如easily，happily等。请熟记下图：2.副词的基本功能副词的基本功能是修饰动词、形容词和副词，在剧中主要用作状语，也可用作定语和表语。可以表示时间、地点、程度方式等。例如：（1）She did not speak to him politely（修饰动词）（2）Im much better today.（修饰形容词比较级）（3）He run

2、s very slowly（修饰副词）（4）Luckily，he got the first prize in the competition.（修饰整个句子）（5）My mother is out.（作表语）（6）People there were waving their hands and shouted.（作表语）3.副词的位置副词在句子中的位置一般有以下三种（1）放句末，若同时有几个副词作状语，排列为：方式、地点、时间。例：Henry worked well here yesterday.（2）放句首，修饰全句或强调副词。 例：Still, in spite of what you

3、say, I dont think it is true.（3）频度副词、其他表示程度或不确定时间的副词，放在谓语动词之前，be动词、情态动词或第一个助动词之后。如：almost, always, often，usually，never，ever，just，nearly，quite, hardly, still, already, certainly, really等。 例：He usually goes to bed late at night. She is sometimes late for a meeting.4.不同的副词在句子中的不同位置（1）表示时间的副词在句子中的位置A.确定

4、的时间副词放在句尾，强调时可以放在句首，但不放在句子中间。 例：Will you be free this coming Saturday? Later we learnt that there was a very important person on board. B.不确定的时间副词，如seldom，hardly等，放在谓语动词之前，be动词、情态动词或第一个助动词之后。 例：Theres hardly any food left in the refrigerator. He hardly said a word all evening. 注意：如果句子中有两个或两个以上的时间副词，

5、一般小时间在前，大时间在后。 例：I was chatting with my friends online at nine oclock last night.（2）表示地点的副词在句子中的位置 表示地点的副词一般放在句尾，有时可以放在句首，但通常不放在句子中间。 例：At weekend, children like to play ball games outside. Here comes the headmaster.（3）表示方式的副词在句子中的位置 A.修饰不及物动词时，表示方式的副词放在动词的后面。 例：Deer run very fast. B.修饰及物动词时，表示方式的副词

6、可以放在动词前面或宾语的后面。 例：David carefully drives the car. /David drives the car carefully.（4）表示频度的副词在句子中的位置 A.表示确定频度的副词和词组，如：every week，on Sundays，every other day，once等 放在句尾，但有时视上下文意义也可以放在句首。 例：We go to the cinema once a month. B.表示不确定频度的副词和词组，如：always，often，usually，hardlynow and then等 通常放在谓语动词之前，be动词、情态动词或

7、第一个助动词之后。 例：She always meets students with a smile. Some people seem to be always lucky.（5）表示程度的副词在句子中的位置 通常表示程度的副词要放在所修饰的形容词或副词之前。 例：She is quite different from her twin sister in character. The problem is too hard to work out. 注意：enough是个例外，一定要放在所修饰的形容词或副词的后面。例：The hall is large enough to seat 200

8、 people.（6）表示疑问的副词在句子中的位置 表示疑问的副词一般都位于句首，后接疑问句。 例：Why didnt you go there together with them?（7）连接副词在句子中的位置 起连接作用的副词的词形和意思和表示疑问的副词一样，但在句子中连接名词性从句或不定式。 例：I want to know where he lives. Could you tell me how to get to the nearest post office?（8）关系副词在句子中的位置 表示关系的副词在句子中引导定语从句，因此总是在定语从句的前面。 例：1 wont forge

9、t the days when we lived together in the countryside Alice didnt tell me the reason why she had refused the job offer.（9）修饰整个句子的副词在句子中的位置 修饰整个句子的副词，表示说话人的看法，通常放在句首。 例：Honestly, thats all the money I have.5. 副词的分类分类用法例词时间副词表示时间now现在;today今天;soon很快;ago以前地点副词表示地点there那里;here这里;out在外边;up在上边方式副词描述动作发生的方式

10、slowly缓慢地;quickly迅速地;carefully细心地程度副词描述行为、动作或状态的程度too太;really的确;quite相当;little很少地频率副词表示一定时间内动作发生的次数always总是;often经常;sometimes有时疑问副词（词组）用来构成特殊疑问句why为什么;where在哪里;when什么时候;how long 多长;how muc多少钱关系副词用来引导定语从句where 的地方;when的时候;why的原因6. 形容词与副词比较（1）有些形容词可作副词，词类不同，词义相同。例如：a fast train (adj快的) run fast (adv.

11、快地)a straight line（adj直的） go straight ahead（adv. 直接地）这样的词还有early，daily，deep，low，high，little，loud，much，near，slow，wide等。（2）有些词既可用作形容词，也可用作副词，词形相同，词义、词性不同。 A.a hard stone（adj坚硬的） study hard (adv.努力地) Its hard to say. (adj困难的) B.He is sitting still. (adj.不动的) Its still raining. (adv.仍然) C. He draws very

12、 well. (adv.非常) He is the very man Im looking for. (adj，正是) D.Youre right (ad正确的) Its right in my pocket. (adv.就、正) E.She is a pretty girl. (adj漂亮的) Its pretty cold. (adv.相当地) F.You should be just to him (adj.公正的) We were just caught in the rain (adv.刚好)（3）很多adj.+ly使构成与原词词义相同的副词，但有些则构成词义完全不同的副词。 A.a

13、) They are working hard.（努力地） b) They hardly work.（几乎不） B.a) He was late for school.（迟的） b)I havent been there lately.（近来） C.a) I have never climbed so high a mountain.（高的） b) They praised him highly.（高度地） 再如：bad（坏的）badly（非常地、厉害地） near（近的）nearly（几乎、将近） most(最多)mostly（多半、几乎） fair(公平的)fairly（相当地） 少数可以

14、通用，如： A) The sun was shining bright (brightly). B.Dont talk so loud (loudly). C.They walked slow (slowly) down the path. D.Hold tight (tightly).（4）在联系动词后用形容词作表语，不用副词。 A .The news sound terrible. (不用terribly) B.The rose smells sweet. (不用sweetly) C.The food tastes good. (不用well) D.She looks beautiful.

15、 (不用beautifully).7. 副词的比较级和最高级对两个人或事物进行比较，表示“较”或“更一些”用比较级。对三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较，表示“最”时用最高级。（1）副词的比较级形式的变化与形容词大致相同，但以后缀-ly结尾的副词需用more和most。副词最高级前的the可省略。如：hard harder hardestfast faster fastestearly earlier earliestquickly more quickly most quickly不规则变化：well better bestbadly worse worstmuch more most（2）有

16、些形容词和副词无比较级和最高级，这是由他们的词义决定的 如：right，wrong，true，false，empty，wooden，monthly，here，now，very等。（3）比较级常用“adj. /adv.（比较级）+than”结构表示 例：He is fatter than Jack. He runs more slowly than Jack.有时可用much, even, still, far, by far,a lot,a little,a great deal,a bit等来修饰比较级，表示程度。 例：Asia is by far larger than Australia

17、. This building is much taller than that one. This story is even more interesting than that one. 比较级前也可用“数词十名词”构成名词短语表示具体的程度。 例：He is two inches taller than his father.（4）less+ adj.adv（原级）+than表示“甲不如乙”。 例：Tom is less careful than Mary. =Tom is not so careful as Mary.（5）形容词副词的比较级连用表示“越来越”。 例：When spr

18、ing comes, it gets warmer and warmer. In the last ten minutes, he ran more and more slowly.（6）the more, the more”表示“越就越”。 例：I hope you will come here, the sooner the better. The harder you work, the more progress you will make.（7）the+ adj. /adv（比较级）of+n表示“两者中较的”。 例：She is the prettier of the two sis

19、ters. This rope is the longer of the two.（8） the+ adj. /adv（最高级）+n+of (in/among)比较范围” 例：The sun looks the biggest and brightest of all the stars because it is the nearest to us. 最高级可被序数词修饰 例：The Yellow River is the second longest in China. 最高级可以和物主代词连用 例：I think he has done his best. The old man smi

20、led his pleasantest when he learned the good news.（9）比较级和最高级之间相互转变 例：He is the tallest student in his class可以变成以下同义比较级句子： He is taller than any other student in his class. He is taller than any of the other students in his class. He is taller than any of the others in his class. He is taller than all the others in his class. He is taller than anybody else in his class, Nobody else in his class is taller than him. No one else in his class is taller than him.