语法现在完成时讲解 练习 仁爱版英语九年级上册.docx

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1、九上现在完成时讲解+练习一、构成：现在完成时由助动词has/ have + 过去分词构成，第三人称单数用has，其余用have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not， 疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以work 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：否定句特殊疑问句主语+has/ have not done +其他疑问词+has/ have +主语+done+其他？I / We / You /They have not (havent) worked.-Where have you worked? -In a companyHe/ She has not (hasnt) worked

2、.-Where has she worked?-In a company一般疑问句简单回答（肯定/否定）Has/ Have +主语+done+其他？Yes, 主语has/ have. No, 主语hasnt/ havent.Have you worked?Yes, I have. No, I havent.Has he worked?Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.二、用法：现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作， 但对现在有影响。常与already, just, still, yet等词连用。例：I have lost my key. 我钥匙丢了。 (到现在还没找到)

3、He has already left. 他已经离开了。（现在你找不到他）表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在，还可能持续下去。常与for, since, so far, up to now, recently, lately, in the past few years等词连用。例：I havent heard from her so far. 我到现在都没有收到她的信。We havent seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。表示过去的一种经历。常与ever, never, before

4、, once, twice, three/four/fivetimes 等词连用例：I have been to Beijing before. 我去过北京。He has never worked in the factory. 他从未在这个工厂工作过。三、注意：（1）since和for的区别for+一段时间since+过去的时间点/ 一段时间+ago /+句子（时态用一般过去时）例：I have studied English for 3 years.I have studied English since 2001.I have studied English since 3 years

5、agoI have studied English since I was a child.练习：用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland _since_ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _for_ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _for_15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _since_ 7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country _

6、since_1974.6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _for_ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _for_ many years.8. Mike has been ill_for_a long time. He has been in hospital_since_ October.（2）瞬间动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动

7、作不可能持续。如果要和表示一段时间的状语连用，必须把动词改成相对应的延续性动词。例：判断正误。这个老人死了三年了。The old man has died for three years. （ ）The old man died three years ago. （ ）The old man has been dead for three years. （ ）他参军两年了。 He has joined the army for two years. （ ）He joined the army two years ago. （ ） He has been in the army for two

8、years. （ ） He has been a soldier for two years. （ ） 短暂性动词转换为延续性动词： arrive at/in sp. get to/reach sp. come/go/move to sp. be in sp./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.come/go back, return be back come/go out be out1) He came ou

9、t two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.become be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed open be open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.get up be up；die be dead；leave sw. be away from sw.fall

10、asleep/get tot sleep be asleep；finish/end be over；marry be married；1) He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.2) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.3) They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _.start/begin to do sth. do sth. ；begin be on1) I began to teach at this school

11、in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2) The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _.borrow keep；lose not have ；buy have ；put on wearcatch/get a cold have a cold；get to know know1) They borrowed it last week.They _ _ it since _ _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.have/has

12、gone to have been inHe has gone to Beijing.He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.join the league/the Party/the armybe a member of the league/the Partybe in the league/the Party/the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for two years.（3）have (has) been 和have

13、 (has) gone的区别：“have (has) been to” 表示“曾到过某地” “have (has) gone to” 表示“已经去某地”比较：Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在）They have been to China. 他们到过中国。（现在已经不在中国）They have gone to China. 他们到中国去了。（在路上或已到中国）.（4）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调过去某个动作对现在的影响，而一般过去时只表示过去某个时间发生的动作，与现在没有联系。例：

14、He worked in that hospital for 8 years. 他曾在那家医院工作8年。（描述过去的一个事实，现在已经不在那家医院工作了。） He has worked in that hospital for 8 years. 他已在那家医院工作8年。 （表示从过去开始工作，一直到现在仍在那家医院工作。）（5）固定句型：It is /has been +一段时间+since 句子例：我们搬到福州十年了。_It is ten years since we moved to Fuzhou._ 一段时间+ has passed+ since 句子例：我们已相识(know each

15、other)十年。_Ten years has passed since we knew each other._ It/ This/ That is + the first/only/last+名词单数+ that句子例：这是我第一次看这部电影。_It is the only film that I have ever seen._那是他写过的唯一一本书。_That is the only book that he has written._ It/ This/ That is+ the+形容词最高级+名词单数+ that句子例：这是我看过的最有趣的的电影。_This is the most

16、 interesting movie that I have seen._那是我吃过的最好吃的一顿饭。_That is the most delicious meal that I have eaten._ 课后练习一、单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _B_whats happened to him .A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know2、He has _B_ been to Shanghai, has he ?A. already B. never C. ever D. s

17、till3、Have you met Mr. Li _C_？A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago4、The famous writer _D_ one new book in the past two years.A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written5、Our country _C_ a lot so far . Yes. I hope it will be even _ .A. has changed ; well B. changed ; goodC. has changed ;

18、 better D. changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _C_already _in this school for two years .A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are; studying7、We _C_ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_B_ it twice.A. will see B.

19、have seen C. saw D. see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really? When _B_ there ?A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone 10、_B_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes. I _ it a moment ago .A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finishedC. Have ; done ; have finished D.

20、will ; do ; finish二、用 already或 yet填空。1. Have they taken down the old pictures _yet_? No, not _yet_.2. Most of us have finished our compositions _already_.3. He said he hadnt visited the exhibition _yet_.三、用 since或 for填空。1. We have learned five lessons _since_ the beginning of this term.2. Mrs. Lee h

21、as been in hospital _since_last week.3. I have stayed at my aunts _for_two weeks.四、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. I_have_ already _seen_ (see) the film. I _saw_ (see) it last week.2._Has_ he _finished_(finish) his work today ? Not yet.3._Have_ you _been_(be) to Hong Kong ? Yes, I _have been_ (be) there twice.4._Ha

22、ve_ you ever _eaten_(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? No, never.5. My father _has_ just _come_ (come) back from work. He is tired now.6. Wheres Li Ming? He _has gone_ (go) to the teachers office.6. Shanghai _was_ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it _has become_ (become) a large city.7. I _have worked_ (work) here since I _moved_ (move) here in 1999.8. So far I _have made_(make) quite a few friends here.9. I_have been_(be)to shanghai for several time.10. What_did_you _do_(do)yesterday?9