定语从句课件高中英语语法专题.ppt

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1、定语从句,原题再现,1.Most of the dads are part of a program _is called WATCH D.O.G.S.2. The Magnolia Cup is a world-famous opening event_ is held to raise money for people in need.3. “Besides visiting the museums, enjoying music and taking exercise, tourists and locals can walk on the banks of the Pearl Rive

2、r to enjoy the natural scenery,” said Huang Fengchan, a local woman_lives in Zhujiang New Town near Ersha Island.,As a result, Cyber Monday appears, _is a day directly competes with Black Friday and may lead to its downfall.,定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由

3、关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。,一 、定义及相关术语,1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。,定于从句： 1. 限制性定语从句 2. 非限制性定语从句,形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。译法上：译成先行词的定语“的”关系词的使用上：A作宾语时可

4、省略 B可用that C可用who 代替whom,限制性定语从句,形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如果去掉，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。关系词的使用上：A不可省略 B不用that C不可用who 代替whom,非限制性定语从句,关系代词,The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher

5、 who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。,1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语,Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。The professor (whom) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。The girl (whom) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。,2. whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来

6、代替。,3. which 指物或事，在定语从句中做主语，宾语，做宾语常可省略,A shop should keep a lot of those items which sell best.商店应存有最畅销的货物。 This is the family which is planning to move to the city.这事要搬进城里的一家 I dont like the book (which) you recommend to me.,4. that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。,He is the man

7、 that/who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。The person (that/whom) you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。The season that/which comes after spring is summer. 春天之后的季节是夏季。I dont like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。,I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the countr

8、y. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。,5. whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。,The house whose windows are broken is empty.The house the windows of which are broken is empty.Do you like the book

9、whose cover is yellow?Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?,注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替：,3. The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.,Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose.,1. The earthquake _ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.,2. We dont

10、know the number of people _ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake.,that/which,that/who,which/that,6. Harry is the boy _ mother is our maths teacher.,4. A house _ is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake.,5. Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.,which/that,who/whom/t

11、hat,whose,7. Is there any one here _ name is Tom?8. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the school.9. Who _ has common sense will do such a thing.10. I dont know the way _ he worked out.11. The person to_ you just talked is Mr. Li.,whose,that,that,that/in which,w

12、hom,关系副词,This is the factory. I worked in the factory ten years ago. This is the factory where I worked ten years ago.The school is near a park. My son studies in this school. The school where my son studies is near a park.,关系副词where,We visited the house. Lusun once lived in the house. We visited th

13、e house where Lusun once lived.,Theyll never forget July 1. Hong Kong returned to its motherland on July 1. Theyll never forget July 1 when Hong Kong returned to its motherland.The days are gone forever. We used foreign oil during those days. The days when we used foreign oil are gone forever.,关系副词w

14、hen,There was a time. The businessman lost heart at that time. There was a time when the businessman lost heart.,when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词，并在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。,Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.,on which (=on the day),=,We still remembered the days when we travelled together.

15、,The time _ I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.,when,in which (=in the days),=,where引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词，并在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。,This is the house where I lived two years ago.,in which (=in the house),=,Harvard is a world-famous university where Wang An got his d

16、octors degree.,The place _ we visited yesterday is a school for disabled children.,which/that,Harvard is a world-famous university. There Wang An got his doctors degree.,There are many reasons why people like traveling. for the reasons =whyI dont like the way that you speak. in the way =that关系副词实际上是

17、介词先行词,关系副词why,time,修饰时间,place,修饰地点,reason,修饰原因,指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。,when, where, why与that,which 的区分,This is the reason _ (= for which) I didnt come here. The reason _ she gave was not true.,why,which/that,a. This is the place where he works. This is the place which (that) we

18、visited last year.b. That was the time when he arrived. Do you still remember the time that (which) we spent together?,c. This is the reason why/for which he went. The reason that (which) he gave us was quite reasonable.,总结关系副词: where, when, why,时间 when = in / at / on / during which地点 where = at/in/

19、on which原因 why = for which,“when” means “at that time”, “where” means “at that place”, “why” is used after the word “reason”.,whose=of +关系代词 They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.,=They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.=They lived in a house, the door of which ope

20、ns to the south.,1. The person _ you should write to is Mr. Ball.2. The person to _ you should write is Mr. Ball.3. The games _ he competed in were swimming and shooting.4. The games in _ he competed were swimming and shooting.,who/that/whom,whom,which/that,which,Complete the following sentences usi

21、ng attributive clauses.,5. October 1, 1949 is the day _we will never forget.6. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?7. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.8.The pen _ he is writing now was bought yesterday.,with which,that / which,which / that,whose,9. He is the man _ y

22、ou can turn for help. 10.This is the tree under _ we used to play games.11.The farm _ we worked ten years ago isnt what is used to be.12. A biologist is a man _ has a great knowledge of biology.,to whom,which,on which,who / that,13. The poor boy _ lost both his parents last year lives with his grand

23、father.14. This is the factory _ he worked ten years ago.15. This is the factory _ makes toys.16. He is the boy _ family was poor.,who / that,where / in which,whose,which / that,Ill never forget the days _ we worked together.2. Ill never forget the days _ _ we spent together.3. I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago.,when / in which,which,where / in which,几种易混的情况,及物动词,4. I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5. This is the reason _ he was late. 6. This is the reason _ _ he gave.,which,why / for which,that / which,及物动词,及物动词,