unit 5 grammar学案牛津译林版八年级上册英语.doc

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1、8AU5 grammar【知识梳理】1. The horse is standing with its eyes closed.closed (adj.) 关闭的 close (vt.) 关闭close (adj.) 近的；亲密的 例：窗户是关着的，请你把它打开： 例：亲密的朋友 2. with the help of =with ones help在.的帮助下例：在他的帮助下，我成功通过了考试（2种） 3. Did you know that bees never get lost?lost (adj.) 迷路的，迷失的 = missingget lost = lose ones way 迷

2、路lose 失去，被 夺去；输掉 (lose - lost lost ) loss 丧失，损失；失败例：当你迷路的时候，可以喊警察帮忙（2种）。 4.may的用法1. 表推测，意为“可能，也许”，用于肯定句中。2. 表请求、许可，意为“可以”。注意：may表请求，用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时，其否定回答用mustnt或cant, 不用may not, 意为“不可以，不允许，禁止”。3. can 和may均可用来表示征求意见或允许，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用。may 的基本用法就是表示请求时的“可以”和猜测时的“可能”，但要再次强调may 表示猜测时是可以用在肯定句、否定句中的。另外，ma

3、y引起的一般疑问句，其回答需要注意：肯定回答可以使用may或者can都可以，但否定回答则不能用may not, 只能用cant 或者mustnt.【例题精讲】表示允许：可以(1)May/Might/Can I come in? 我可以进来吗?肯定回答Yes, please./ Of course. /Yes, you can.否定回答-No, you cant/mustnt. Please dont.(2)May I go now?我可以去吗？肯定回答Yes, you may. 可以。否定回答No, you mustnt/cant. 不可以去。Youd better not. 你最好不去。(3

4、) You may bring it back tomorrow. 你可以明天把它带来。You may not go there. 你不可以去那里。练习：( )1. There _ a book in the desk.A. may are B.may be C. may has D.maybe( )2. May I go now? No, you . You stay here. A. neednt; have to B. neednt; must C. mustnt; have to D. mustnt; has to( )3. I visit Lucy on Sunday, Mum? Y

5、es, you .A. Must; can B. May; may C. Need; need D. May ; need( )4.-_I answer your questions in Chinese? -No, you mustnt.A.May B.Can C.Must D.Do( )5.-Excuse me, where are we going to have our class meeting? -Im not sure. Ask our group leader, please. He _ know.A. can B.may C.need D.shall动词不定式作宾语1、动词不

6、定式概述动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，否定形式是“not to+动词原形”。动词不定式没有人称，数和时态的变化。在句子中不能作谓语，但可以充当除谓语之外的任何成分（主语、表语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语等）2、动词不定式做宾语注意点want，like，love，wish，hope，need，try，ask，seem，help，learn，decide，plan，start，begin，forget，remember，choose ，prepare，agree等动词后直接跟动词不定式作宾语。例：He decided to buy a new MP4例：We all hope to go

7、to Taizhou next month有的动词（如begin, start, like等）既可接动词不定式作宾语，也可接动词-ing形式作宾语，且含义基本相同。“疑问词（how, what, where, which, when等）+ 动词不定式”结构可跟在一些动词（tell, show, teach, know等）后作宾语。例：I dont know What to do next例：Can you tell me how to get to the hospital?如果作宾语的动词不定式很长，为了保持句子平衡，可用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语（动词不定式）后置。 例：I find

8、it interesting to play computer games.例：We all think it very difficult to finish the work in an hour. 有的动词既可接动词不定式作宾语，也可接动词-ing形式作宾语，但意义区别比较明显，如：forget/remember to do sth.（忘记/记住要做某事）；forget/remember doing sth.（忘记/记得做过某事）；stop to do sth.（停下来去做另一件事）；stop doing sth.（停止正在做的事）。例：我忘记要去关窗了 我忘记已经关了窗户： 注省去to

9、 的动词不定式 情态动词 （ 除ought 外） 后。 使役动词 let, have, make后，感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, find 等后，表示经常性或全过程。 had better句型后 Why dont+主语 / why not句型后等练习：用所给动词的适当形式填空1. I dont know where_(buy) the book.2. They decided_(not tell) him about it later.3. His daughter is afraid of _(stay) in a quiet place alone.4. I

10、ts very interesting for all the children_(learn) how_(read).5. Its time _(have) dinner.6. Dont forget _(turn) off the lights when you leave the classroom.7. I hope _(get) some help from Mr. Green.8. I planned_(stay) at home instead of_(go) to see a film. 【课堂练习】情态动词may的用法：may表示请求允许：请求别人允许自己做某事 结构：_-_

11、 _ stay？我可以留下吗-Yes, you_. / No, you _.自己允许别人做某事 结构：_You _ come in.你可以进来了。You _ _ tell him this.你不可以告诉他这件事。表示推测“可能性”时，译为“可能、也许”（1）If we _ _, there_ _none left.如果我们什么也不做，也许就不会(有熊猫)剩下了。（2）The bamboo forests_ _ _ _ _. Pandas _ _ _a place _ _or food _ _.竹林正变得越来越小。熊猫可能会没有地方生存或没有食物吃。【注意】区分cant 表推测 与 may no

12、t (一般不缩写) 表推测。cant ：_（把握较大） may not：_（没有很大把握）He cant help you, because he is a selfish man and seldom helps anyone. 他不可能帮助你的，因为他是一个自私的人且从不帮助任何人。He may not help you but there is no harm in asking him.他可能不会帮助你不过问一下求他一下倒也无妨。随堂练习( ) 1.-May I open the window? -No, you _, It is blowing heavily outside. A.

13、 may not B. dont C. cant D. shouldnt( )2. -Have you decided which club to join?-Not yet. I _ go to the Swimming Club.A. must B. may C. need D. should ( ) 3. Im afraid I need a pair of glasses. I _ hardly see the words on the blackboard. A. can B. must C. may D. need( ) 4. He_like coffee. I see him d

14、rink a cup at times.A.mustB.mayC. cantD. mustnt( ) 5. .-Hi, Jack. I saw your father standing outside the school gate just now.-Oh, it_be him. He went to Shanghai on business just an hour ago.A. mustntB. needntC. cantD.may not1. Because of my laziness, I failed _ my work in time.A. and finished B. to

15、 finishC. and finishingD. to finished2. She tried hard _ (not laugh) aloud when she heard this mans ridiculous words. 3. Before doing homework do not forget _(clean) your desks4. I remember_(see) you somewhere but I cant remember where.5. Im too tired after running Lets stop_(have) a rest.6. We have

16、 finished our homework. Now lets continue_(read) some books.【课后作业】( ) 1.-Have you decided which senior high school to choose?-Not yet. I _ go to Moonlight School.A. must B. may C. need D. should( ) 2.-Bob, where is Mary?-She _ be in the library. But I am not sure.A. mustB.mayC.needD.has to( ) 3. -Ha

17、ve you heard that some bad things would happen in 2012?-Dont worry! The news _ be true.A. mustnt B. may not C. neednt D. shall not( ) 4. Tom, you _ play with the knife. You _ hurt yourself.A.wont; cantB. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant ;should( ) 5. -Amy, I hear youve got many foreign coins. _

18、 I have a look?-Of course, Ill fetch them for you.A.May B.Must C.Should D.Need( ) 6. They decided _ a bridge over the river.A. buildB.to build C.buildingD.built( ) 7. Remember _the lights on when you leave the room, please. We should save the energy.A. to keep B.keepingC.not to keepD.to keeping( ) 8

19、. He promised _ his old friend during his stay in Tianjin.A. see B.seeing C.saw D.to see( )9. -I didnt hear you come in just now. -Thats good. We tried _ any noise, for you were sleeping. A. not make B. not to make C. to make D. making( )10. Jims father promised _ a fancy model car for him on his _

20、birthday. A. to buy; tenth B. to buy; the tenth C. buying; tenth D. the tenth2、 词汇应用1. People kill wolves because they think wolves are dangerous to (人类).2. Who knows the (结果) of the two basketball matches yesterday evening?3. Only one of the rooms (面对) south, so I dont like it.4. After a short (一会儿

21、), he went away happily.5. My brother (重) 4 kilos when he was born.6. There are fewer and fewer (wolf) in the world.7. I hate to say this. But this experiment failed, (main) because of your carelessness.8. You may get (lose) in the forest on foggy days.9. His (sick) makes him look much older than th

22、e people of his age.10. If we do nothing, there will be no pandas (leave).11. In the (开始)，I didnt like him. But now he is my hero.12. Why did she look at her pet dog so (伤心地)?13. We sleep with the windows (关闭的) in winter.14. The hunter (捉住)a lot of birds in the forest last week15. The old woman died of a serious (疾病).备注： 9 / 9