巧战大学英语6级阅读.docx

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1、目录前言第 1 天3 大题型各个击破解题技巧 1：四步搞定是非判断题解题技巧 2：三步答对句子填空题解题技巧 3：三步攻克多项选择题111314即学即练.15Passage 1Passage 21524第 2 天攻克快速阅读的 2 个必杀技必杀计一：略读.34略读技巧1：概括“大标题+小标题”类文章主旨的技巧.34略读技巧 2：概括没有小标题类文章主旨的技巧.40必杀技二：查读.46查读三步法.46即学即练.52Passage 1Passage 25261第 3 天揭秘快速阅读 4 大常设题处一、逻辑关系处.71二、标点符号处.73三、特别信息点处.74四、主旨处.77即学即练.78Passa

2、ge 1Passage 27887第 4 天7 分钟 4 步解题法一、半分钟浏览全文，确立主旨.97二、一分钟抓关键词，查找定位.98三、五分钟对照比较，组织答语.98四、半分钟检查核对，确定答案.99即学即练.100Passage 1 100Passage 2 103第 5 天5 大必考题型解题技巧一、细节题解题技巧 107二、推断题解题技巧 108三、主旨题解题技巧 109四、语义题解题技巧 109五、观点题解题技巧即学即练 110111Passage 1 111Passage 2 114第 6 天破解 10 大常设题处一、描 述 处 118二、引 用 处 119三、隐 蔽 处 119四、

3、因果关系处 120五、转 折 处 121六、段首句、段尾句处七、因果关系处121122八、逻辑关系处 123九、末 段 处 123十、对 比 处 即学即练 124125Passage 1 125Passage 2 128一、事实细节题第 7 天 攻克常考 5 大题类132二、主旨大意题 133三、观点态度题 134四、语义理解题 135五、推理判断题 136即学即练 137Passage 1 137Passage 2 141Passage 3 145Passage 4 148Passage 5 153第 8 天破解 5 大题类正确项和干扰项一、事实细节题的正确项和干扰项 157二、主旨大意题的

4、正确项和干扰项 158三、观点态度题的正确项和干扰项 158四、语义理解题的正确项和干扰项 159五、推理判断题的正确项和干扰项即学即练 160168Passage 1168Passage 2172Passage 3175Passage 4179Passage 5183第 9 天透析篇章阅读 10 大常设题处一、首段、尾段、段首句、段尾句 二、观点总结处187188三、例 证 处 188四、转 折 处 189五、对比、比较处六、引 言 处 190190七、特殊标点符号处 191八、数字与年代处 192九、因果关系处 193十、复杂句、特殊句式即学即练 193194Passage 1194Pas

5、sage 2198Passage 3202Passage 4206第 10 天话说解题要走 4 步一、半分钟浏览文章，掌握大意二、一分钟仔细审题，确定方向三、七分钟认真推敲，选择答案四、半分钟仔细对比，确定答案211211211212即学即练 219Passage 1Passage 2Passage 3Passage 4219223227230113 大题型各个击破2013 年 12 月考次起的四、六级考试中，原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解。篇章长度和难度不变。篇章后附有 10 个句子，每句一题，每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落，有的段落可能对应两题，

6、有的段落可能不对应任何一题。如下表所示：试卷结构测试内容测试题型分值比例考试时间阅读理解词汇理解选择填空5%40 分钟长篇阅读匹配查找10%仔细阅读多项选择20%Section BDirections：In this section，you are going to read a passage with10statementsattached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of theparagraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information isde

7、rived.You may choose a paragraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by markingthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2Into the UnknownThe world has never seen population ageing before.Can it cope A Until the early 1990s nobody much thought about whole population

8、sgetting older.The UN had the foresight to convene a“world assembly onageing”backin 1982，but thatcame andwent.By1994theWorldBankhad noticedthat something bigwashappening.Inareportentitled“AvertingtheOldAgeCrisis”，itarguedthatpensionarrangementsinmostcountries wereunsustainable.B For thenext tenyears

9、asuccession ofbooks，mainlybyAmericans，soundedthe alarm.TheyhadtitleslikeYoungvsOld，Gray DawnandTheComing2，：，：，），（Generational Storm and their message was blunt health-care systems wereheading for the rocks pensioners were taking young people to the cleanersand soon there would be intergenerational w

10、arfare.CSincethenthedebatehasbecomelessemotional notleastbecausealotmoreis known about the subject.Books conferences and research papers havemultiplied.International organisations such as the OECD and the EU issueregular reports.Population ageing is on every agenda from G8 economicconferences to NAT

11、O summits.The World Economic Forum plans to consid-er the future of pensions and health care at its prestigious Davos conferenceearly next year.The media including this newspaper are giving the subjectextensive coverage.DWhether all that attention has translated into sufficient action is anotherques

12、tion.Governments in rich countries now accept that their pension andhealth-carepromiseswillsoonbecomeunaffordable andmany ofthemhaveembarked on reforms but so far only timidly.That is not surprisingpoliticians with an eye on the next election will hardly rush to introduceunpopular measures that may

13、not bear fruit for years，perhaps decades.The outline of the changes needed is clear.To avoid fiscal（财 政 的）meltdown public pensions and health-care provision will have to be reinedbackseverelyandtaxesmayhavetogoup.Byfarthemosteffectivemethodtorestrain pension spending is to give people the opportunit

14、y to work longerbecauseitincreasestaxrevenuesandreducesspendingonpensionsatthesametime.Itmayevenkeepthemalivelonger.JohnRothertheAARPshead ofpolicy and strategy points to studies showing that other things being equalpeople whoremainat work have lower death rates than their retired peers.FYounger peo

15、ple today mostly accept that they will have to work for longer andthattheirpensionswillbelessgenerous.Employersstillneedtobepersuadedthat older workers are worth holding on to.That may be because theyhavehad plenty of younger ones to choose from partly thanks to the post-warbaby-boomandpartlybecause

16、overthepastfewdecadesmany morewomenhave enteredthelabourforceincreasingemployerschoice.But thereservoirof women able and willing to take up paid work is running low and the baby-boomers are going grey.GInmanycountriesimmigrantshavebeenfillingsuchgapsinthelabourforceashavealreadyemerged andrememberth

17、attherealshortageisstillaroundtenyears off.Immigrationinthedeveloped worldisthehighest ithasever beenand it is making a useful difference.In still-fertile America it currentlyaccountsforabout40%oftotalpopulationgrowth andinfast-ageingwesternEurope for about 90%.E第1天3大题型各个击破3；，：，（），？，“”HOn the face o

18、f it it seems the perfect solution.Many developing countrieshave lots of young people in need of jobs many rich countries need helpinghandsthatwillboosttaxrevenuesandkeepupeconomicgrowth.Butoverthenextfewdecadeslabour forcesinrichcountriesaresettoshrinksomuchthatinflowsof immigrants would have to in

19、crease enormously to compensate toatleast twicetheircurrentsizeinwesternEuropesmost youthfulcountriesand three times in the older ones.Japan would need a large multiple of thefew immigrants it has at present.Public opinion polls show that people inmost rich countries already think that immigration i

20、s too high.Further big in-creases would be politically unfeasible.ITo tackle the problem of ageing populations at its root old countries wouldhave to rejuvenate 使年轻themselves by having more of their ownchildren.A number of them have tried some more successfully than others.But it is not a simple mat

21、ter of offering financial incentives or providing morechild care.Modern urban life in rich countries is not well adapted to largefamilies.Women find it hard to combine family and career.They oftencompromise by having just one child.JAnd if fertility in ageing countries does not pick up It will not b

22、e the end ofthe world at least not for quite a while yet but the world will slowlybecomea different place.Older societies may be less innovative and more stronglydisinclined to take risks than younger ones.By 2025 at the latest about halfthe voters inAmericaand mostofthoseinwesternEuropeancountriesw

23、illbeover 50 and older people turn out to vote in much greater numbers thanyounger ones.Academic studies have found no evidence so far that oldervoters have used their power at the ballot box to push for policies thatspecifically benefit them though if in future there are many more of themthey might

24、 start doing so.KNor is there any sign of the intergenerational warfare predicted in the 1990s.After all older people themselves mostly have families.In a recent study ofparents and grown-up children in 11 European countries Karsten Hank ofMannheim University found that 85%of them lived within 25km

25、of eachother and the majority of them were in touch at least once a week.LEvenso the shift inthe centreof gravitytoolder age groups isbound tohavea profound effect on societies not just economically and politically but inallsortsofother waystoo.RichardJacksonandNeilHoweofAmericasCSISin a thoughtful

26、book called The Graying of the Great Powers argue thatamongother things theageingofthedevelopedcountrieswillhaveanumberof serious security implications.M Forexample，theshortageofyoungadultsislikely tomakecountries4（）more reluctant to commit the few they have to military service.In the decadesto 2050

27、，America will find itself playing an ever-increasing role in thedevelopedworldsdefence effort.BecauseAmericaspopulationwillstillbegrowingwhenthatofmostotherdeveloped countriesis shrinking，Americawillbe the only developed country that still matters geopolitically 地缘政治上.Ask me in 2020 N Thereislittlet

28、hatcan bedonetostop populationageing，sotheworldwill have to live with it.But some of the consequences can be alleviated.Manyexpertsnowbelievethatgiventherightpolicies，the effects，thoughgrave，need not be catastrophic.Most countries have recognised the needto do something and are beginning to act.O Bu

29、t even then there is no guarantee that their efforts will work.Whatishappening nowishistoricallyunprecedented.RonaldLee，directoroftheCentre on the Economics and Demography of Ageing at the UniversityofCalifornia，Berkeley，putsitbrieflyand clearly：“Wedont really know whatpopulationageingwillbelike，bec

30、ausenobodyhasdoneit yet.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。46.Employers should realise it is important to keep older workers in theworkforce.47.A recent study found that most old people in some European countries hadregular weekly contact with their adult children.48.Few governments in rich countries have launche

31、d bold reforms to tackle theproblem of population ageing.49.Inareportpublishedsome20yearsago，thesustainabilityofold-agepensionsystems in most countries was called into doubt.50.Countriesthat haveashortageofyoungadultswillbelesswillingtosendthemto war.51.One-child families are more common in ageing s

32、ocieties due to the stressofurban life and the difficulties of balancing family and career.52.Aseriesofbooks，mostlyauthored byAmericans，warned ofconflictsbetweenthe older and younger generations.53.Compared with younger ones，older societies tend to be less innovative andtake fewer risks.54.The best

33、solution to the pension crisis is to postpone the retirementage.55.Immigration as a means to boost the shrinking labour force may meet withresistance in some rich countries.第1天3大题型各个击破5内容梗概本文是关于人口老龄化问题的说明文。文章开头指出：从上个世纪 90 年代开始人口老龄化引发的养老金不足问题逐渐得到了广泛的关注。发达国家政府虽然意识到这一点，却没有大刀阔斧地对其予以解决。延迟退休成为目前最有效的解决方法。文

34、章提到了人口老龄化引发的另一问题 劳动力缺乏，来自发展中国家的移民似乎是解决发达国家劳动力缺失的完美方案。而解决人口老龄化问题的关键是促进生育以使人口年轻化。否则，人口老龄化将会给社会带来很多诸如经济、政治和安全等多方面的负面效应。文章末尾指出：尽管人口老龄化问题不可阻挡，如果给予恰当的政策，至少这一问题引发的后果不会是灾难性的。答案解析46.【答案】F【解析】本题用查读法，浏览原题，先确定线索词 employers 和 olderworkers，然后带着这个线索词快速扫视，可发现线索词出现在 F 段的第 2 句：Employers still need holding on to.（还需要说

35、服雇主那些年长员工是值得留用的），与本题表述的意义一致，由此可得本题答案为 F。47.【答案】K【解析】本题用查读法，浏览原题，以专有名词 European countries 为线索词，然后带着这个线索词快速扫视，可发现这一词出现在 K 段第 2句，由此句可知：最近一项关于11 个欧洲国家父母与子女的研究表明，85%的欧洲人与子女居住的距离在 25 公里之内，多数至少每周相聚 1 次，与本题表述不谋而合。由此可得本题答案为 K。48.【答案】D【解析】本题用查读法，浏览原题，先确定线索词 governments in richcountries，然后带着线索词快速扫视，可发现这线索词出现在

36、D 段第 2 句，本句 提到 了富国 政府 意识 到 了 将 无 力 支 付 养 老 金（unaffordable），也进行了改革，但改革步伐很小（only timidly），与本题表述内容相符。由此可得本题答案为 D。49.【答案】A【解析】本题用查读法，浏览原题，先确定线索词 report（原题中的数词“20”在文中被未直接提及，只能作为辅助线索词），然后带着这个线索词快速扫视，可发现这一词出现在 A 段最后一句，与本题表述意义一致。由此可得本题答案为 A。650.【答案】M【解析】本题用查读法，浏览原题，先确定线索词 the shortage of youngadults，然后带着这个线

37、索词快速扫视，可发现线索词出现在M段首句，其中的 reluctant to commit the few they have to military service（不愿意把仅有的年轻人送去服兵役），与本题表述一致。由此可得本题答案为 M。51.【答案】I【解析】本题用查读法，浏览原题，先确定线索词one-child，然后带着这个线索词快速扫视，可发现这一词出现在 I 段最后一句，再结合倒数第 2句和第 3 句的内容可知，本题表述内容是对上述几句的概况总结。由此可得本题答案为 I。52.【答案】B【解析】本题用查读法，浏览原题，以专有名词 Americans 为线索词，然后带着这个线索词快速扫

38、视，可发现这一词出现在 B 段首句，与本题表述意义一致。由此可得本题答案为 B。53.【答案】J【解析】本题用查读法，浏览原题，先确定线索词 older societies 为线索词，然后带着这个线索词快速扫视，可发现这一词出现在 J 段第 3 句，与本题表述意义一致。由此可得本题答案为 J。54.【答案】E【解析】本题用查读法，浏览原题，先确定线索词 the best solution to thepension crisis 为线索词，然后带着这个线索词快速扫视，可发现这一线索词并未直接出现，但是 E 段第 3 句中 the most effectivemethodtorestrainpe

39、nsion spending 与线索词是同义关系，此句表述的内容与本题意义一致。由此可得本题答案为 E。55.【答案】H【解析】本题用查读法，浏览原题，先确定线索词 immigrations 为线索词，然后带着这个线索词快速扫视，可发现这一词首先出现在 G 段第 2句，但和本题表述没有直接关联，继续扫视，发现其又出现在 H 段倒数第 2 句，意思是：民意调查表明多数富裕国家的人们认为移民数量太多，此句表明了民众对用移民解决劳动力缺乏的态度，与本题表述意义相符。由此可得本题答案为 H。新旧题型对照通过阅读与讲解样题，我们可知，新六级的长篇阅读作为考查学生阅读能力的一部分，延续了旧题型中快速阅读的

40、文章体裁、文章长度和难度。第1天3大题型各个击破7，（）（）；（）；，：（）（）它们对考生掌握新题型也有辅助作用。，？，（），旧题型的答题方法也适用于改革后的新题型。旧题型中的题干提供答题关键词，而新题型中的段落后的 10 句话也为找到正确答案提供线索词。找到线索词后都要运用快速阅读的查读和略读的方法在原文中定位，目的都是在文章中找到符合题意的准确信息。因此，本书仍然保留原快速阅读的解题思路和答题技巧以及相应的练习，原题型介绍大学英语六级快速阅读要求考生在 15 分钟内读完一篇 12001500 词左右的文章，文章设有10 题，题材涉及科技、教育、环保、文化、经济等。考试之初，17 题为是非判

41、断题，属客观题，每题为一个句子。如果题目描述的信息与文章内容相符，就选Y（forYes）；如果不相符则为N（for No）；如果所含信息在文章内没有提及或根据文章信息推断不出，则选NG（for NotGiven）。2007年12月至今举行的六级考试中，前 7 道是非判断题改成了四选一的选择题；810 题为句子填空题，要求从文章中找出意思相同、形式正确的内容填进去。答案短的为一个单词，长的一般不超过 10 个单词。如上所述，2013 年 12 月新题型开考之前快速阅读理解共考过三个题型，分别是是非判断题、句子填空题和选择题。下面我们通过解析真题一一介绍这三种题型的解题技巧。Part II Rea

42、ding ComprehensionSkimming and Scanning15minutesDirectionsfor questions 1 4 markY for yes if the statement agrees with the information given in the passageN for noif the statement contradicts the information given in the passageNG for not given if the information is not given in the passage.for ques

43、tions 5 10 complete the sentences with the information given in thepassage.RainforestsTropical rainforests are the most diverse ecosystem 生态系统 on earth andalsotheoldest.Todaytropicalrainforestscoveronly6 percentofthe earthsgroundsurfacebut theyarehometo overhalfoftheplanetsplantandanimalspecies.What

44、 is a rainforestGenerally speaking a rainforest is an environment that receives high rainfalland is dominated by tall trees.A wide range of ecosystems fall into this categoryof course.But most of the time when people talk about rainforests they mean thetropical rainforests located near the equator.T

45、hese forests receive between 160 and 400 inches of rain per year.the total8annual rainfall is spread pretty evenly throughout the year，and the temperaturerarely dips below 60 degrees fahrenheit.This steady climate isdue to the position of rainforests on the globe.becauseoftheorientation ofthe earths

46、axis，thenorthernandsouthern hemisphereseachspend part of the year tilted away from the sun.Since rainforests are at the middleoftheglobe，located near the equator，theyarenotespeciallyaffected by thischange.They receivenearly thesame amountofsunlight，andthereforeheat，allyear.Consequently，theweatherint

47、heseregionsremainsfairlyconstant.Theconsistentlywet，warmweather and ample sunlight give plant lifeevery-thingitneedstothrive.Treeshavetheresourcesto grow totremendousheights，andtheyliveforhundreds，eventhousands，ofyears.Thesegiants，whichreach 60to150ftinthe air，formthebasicstructureoftherainforest.Th

48、eir top branches spreadwide in order to capture maximum sunlight.This creates a thick canopy（树冠）levelat thetop oftheforest，withthinnergreenerylevelsunderneath.Somelargetrees grow so tall that they even tower over the canopy layer.Asyou golower，downintotherainforest，youfindlessandlessgreenery.Thefore

49、stfloorismadeup ofmoss，fungi，and decaying plantmatter thathasfallen from the upper layers.The reason for this decrease in greenery is verysimple：theoverabundanceofplantsgatheringsunlightat thetop oftheforestblocksmostsunlightfromreachingthebottomoftheforest，makingitdifficultforrobust plants to thriv

50、e.The forest for the treesThe ample sunlight and extremely wet climate of many tropical areasencourage the growth of towering trees with wide canopies.This thick top layer ofthe rainforest dictates the lives of all other plants in the forest.New tree seedlingsrarelysurvivetomakeit tothetop unless so