2022年高考英语真题试卷(全国甲卷)-含解析.docx

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1、2022年高考英语真题试卷（全国甲卷）一、阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）（2022全国甲卷）阅读理解Theatres and EntertainmentSt Davids HallSt Davids Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiffs entertainment centre. With an impressive 2,000-seat concer

2、t hall, St Davids Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff. It presents live entertainment, including pop, rock, folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films and classical music.The Hayes, Cardiff CF10 1AHwww.stdavidshallcardiff.co.ukThe Glee Club Every weekend this is Wales premier comedy

3、club where having a great time is the order for both audiences and comedy stars alike. It is hard to name a comedy star who hasnt been on the stage here. If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.Mermaid Quay, Cardiff Bay, Cardiff CF10 5BZwww.gl

4、ee.co.uk/cardiffSherman CymruSherman Cymrus theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012. This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity (机会) to do creative things. Sherman Cymru is excited to pr

5、esent a packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world.Senghennydd Road, Cardiff CF24 4YEwww.shermancymru.co.ukNew TheatreThe New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicals, dance and childrens shows for more than 100 years. Pr

6、esenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UKs touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiffs oldest surviving traditional theatre. Be sure to pay a visit as part of your stay in the city.Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3LNwww.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk1Where is the Welsh Proms Cardiff hosted? A

7、At the New Theatre.BAt the Glee Club.CAt Sherman Cymru.DAt St Davids Hall.2What can people do at the Glee Club? AWatch musicals.BEnjoy comedies.CSee family shows.DDo creative things.3Which website can you visit to learn about Cardiffs oldest surviving theatre? Awww.newtheatrecardiff.co.ukBwww.sherma

8、ncymru.co.ukCwww.glee.co.uk/cardiffDwww.stdavidshalleardiff.co.uk【答案】1D2B3A【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了Cardiff当地的一些剧院和娱乐场所。【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1考查细节理解。根据St Davids Hall部分中的St Davids Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardifft， Davids Hall是Car

9、diff一年一度的Welsh Proms的举办地。可知，Cardiff的Welsh Proms活动在St Davids Hall举办。故选D。2考查细节理解。根据The Glee Club部分中的“If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here .”如果你正在寻找巡演中最好的喜剧和精彩的现场音乐，你应该从这里开始。可知，人们可以在The Glee Club享受喜剧。故选B。3考查细节理解。根据New Theatre部分中的“The New Theat

10、re has been the home of quality drama, musicians, dance and childrens shows for more than 100 years.”100多年来，New Theatre一直是优质戏剧、音乐家、舞蹈和儿童节目的发源地；以及最后一段“www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk”可知，可以在www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk网站找到Cardiff存在最久的剧院。故选A。（2022全国甲卷）阅读理解Goffins cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to

11、Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear f

12、ront of the box had a keyhole in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped keys to choose from. Inserting the correct key would let out the nut.In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are a

13、ble to do the same with less symmetrical（对称的） shapes. his ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an allocentric frame of reference. In the experiment, Goffins cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most case

14、s, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffins cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.The next step, according to t

15、he researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues（线索）, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.4How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment? ABy following instructions.BBy using a tool.CBy turning the box around.DBy

16、removing the lid.5Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text? AUsing a key to unlock a door.BTelling parrots from other birds.CPutting a ball into a round hole.DGrouping toys of different shapes.6What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos? AHo

17、w far they are able to see.BHow they track moving objects.CWhether they are smarter than monkeys.DWhether they use a sense of touch in the test.7Which can be a suitable title for the text? ACockatoos: Quick Error CheckersBCockatoos: Independent LearnersCCockatoos: Clever Signal-ReadersDCockatoos: Sk

18、ilful Shape-Sorters【答案】4B5C6D7D【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kep

19、t in the cage. ”虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工具；以及“the birds were given five differently shaped keys to choose from. Inserting, the correct keys would let out the nut. ”研究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入，正确的“钥匙”会让坚果出来。可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。5考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“In humans, babies can put a

20、 round shape in a round hole from around one year of age ”在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里。可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。6考查推理判断。根据最后一段“The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in maki

21、ng their shape selections. ”根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状。可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。7考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Coffins cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. ”科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的

22、形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似。可推知，本文介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。“凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工”最适合作为本文标题。故选D。（2022全国甲卷）阅读理解As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins（企鹅）longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni woul

23、d never forget.Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career（职业）as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take t

24、he plunge.After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra de

25、l Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. I just decided wanted to go, she says. I had no idea about what Id find there and I wasnt nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers s

26、hed never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has, Ginni says. I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water l

27、ike some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.8Which of the following best explains take

28、 the plunge underlined in paragraph 2? ATry challenging things.BTake a degree.CBring back lost memories.DStick to a promise.9What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica? ALovely penguins.BBeautiful scenery.CA discount fare.DA friends invitation.10What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the

29、 journey? AIt could be a home for her.BIt should be easily accessible.CIt should be well preserved.DIt needs to be fully introduced.11What is the text mainly about? AA childhood dream.BAn unforgettable experience.CSailing around the world.DMeeting animals in Antarctica.【答案】8A9C10C11B【知识点】主旨大意题；词义猜测题

30、；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured i

31、n the UK, but always longed to explore further.”在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索；以及“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest”当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活。可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。可推知，take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。9考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chi

32、le she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego.”正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票。可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。10考查细节理解。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the bigge

33、st things that hit home to Ginni. ”意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一。可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。11考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“These gentle lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. ”这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行；以及倒数第二段Ginni Balinton对南极之旅的评价

34、可知，可知本文介绍了Ginni Balinton去南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。“一次难忘的经历”能够概括文章主旨。故选B。（2022全国甲卷）阅读理解Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered tots of things that were just sort of there-broad parks, superb beaches,

35、 and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we wen

36、t our separate ways-he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.Ill miss these old boats, he said as we parted.How do you mean? I asked.Oh, theyre replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but theyre not so elegant, and theyre not fun to pilot. Hut thats progress, I guess.Everywhere in

37、Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords（口号）, and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the citys official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. Sydney is confused a

38、bout itself, she said. We cant seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. Its a conflict that we arent getting any better at resolving（解决）.”On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young

39、businessman named Anthony. Many people say that we lack culture in this country, he told me. What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. Weve got a foundation built on ancient cultu

40、res but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. Its a pretty hard combination to beat.He is right, but I cant help wishing they would keep those old ferries.12What is the first paragraph mainly about? ASydneys striking architecture.BThe cultural diversity of Sydney.CThe key to Sydneys developm

41、ent.DSydneys tourist attractions in the 1960s.13What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds? AHe goes to work by boat.BHe looks forward to a new life.CHe pilots catamarans well.DHe is attached to the old ferries.14What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney? AIt is losing its traditions.BIt should spee

42、d up its progress.CIt should expand its population.DIt is becoming more international.15Which statement will the author probably agree with? AA city can be young and cad at the same time.BA city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.Cmodernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.DComprom

43、ise should be made between the local and the foreign.【答案】12C13D14A15A【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意题；夹叙夹议【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，通过作者和悉尼人士的交流介绍了悉尼发展中面临的问题。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。12考查段落大意。根据第一段中的“Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing hap

44、pened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. ”20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了它的港口；以及“But it is the harbor that makes the city. ”但是是港口造就了城市。可知，本段主要介绍了悉尼发展的关键是港口。故选C。13考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilot Sydney ferryboats for a living. ”30岁出头的Andrew

45、 Reynolds是个快乐的小伙子，他在悉尼担任渡轮领航员为生；第三段中的“Ill miss these old boats. ”我会想念这些旧船的；以及第五段“中的Catamarans are faster, but theyre not so elegant, and theyre not fun to pilot. ”双体船更快，但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣。可知，渡轮领航员Andrew Reynolds喜欢老式渡船。故选D。14考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的“Shirley Fitzgerald, the citys official historian, told me th

46、at in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings.”悉尼的官方历史学家Shirley Fitzgerald告诉我，在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼把很多它的过去都抛在了一边，包括许多最漂亮的建筑。可推知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。故选A。15考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“On the other hand, being young and old

47、 at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony.”另一方面，同时既年轻又古老也有它的魅力。当我遇到一位深思熟虑的年轻商人Anthony时，我考虑到了这一点；以及最后一段中的“He is right”他说得没错。可推知，作者赞同Anthony的观点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。故选A。二、阅读理解 第二节 (5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)（2022全国甲卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项

48、。选项中有两项为多余选项。Important Things to Know When Dicing OutCultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. 16 Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family-no matter where you are in the world.Chopstick Rules The way you handle chopsticks is important to avid annoying your companions. When you put them down b