2022版高考英语一轮复习课时提能练14必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars练习含解析新人教版20210609253.doc

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1、课时提能练课时提能练(十四十四)必修必修 3 3UnitUnit 4 4Astronomy:Astronomy:thethe sciencescience ofof thethestarsstarsA A：知识层面.语境语法填空A A(考查派生词)The 1 1existence(exist)of terrorism lets the world not be stable.Terroristactivities,many of which are linked to 2 2religious(religion)extremism,haveresulted in a 3 3global(glo

2、be)disaster.They not only bring threat to the safetyof human but have an 4 4harmful(harm)effect on economic growth.Many people areforced to flee their homes because of growing fears of terrorist 5 5violence(violent).All governments are paying great attention to this issue,but to stop terrorism isind

3、eeda6 6 systematic(system)project,whichrequireseffort,wisdomandcooperation.B B(考查动词)The river is being polluted with many factories 7 7existing(exist)on both ofits sides.Dead fish have been found 8 8floating(float)on the surface of the water.Unknown bacteria 9 9are multiplying(multiply)fast along th

4、e river,which might bea potential risk to peoples health.However,what 1010puzzles(puzzle)the localgovernment most is how to deal with the relationship between economic developmentand environmental protection.They want to take action 1111to pull(pull)down someof the factories,but they fear that this

5、may cause the local economy 1212to crash(crash)and then bring impacts on employment.C C(考查句型)At a rough estimate,Nigeria is three times 1313the size of Great Britain.Itspopulation is also twice 1414what it was 50 years ago.Nigeria is abundant in oil,which makes 1515it possible to become Africas No.1

6、 economy.Chinese people are pouringinto this country.The number of Chinese tourists to Nigeria is five times as large1616as it used to be.Now 1717that you have got a chance to visit it,why not go toappreciate its charming scenery and unique culture?.根据提示补全句子1 1火车将于今天上午十点到北京。The train is to arrive in

7、 Beijing at 10 oclock this morning.2 2一切都取决于她是否喜欢这个工作。It all depends on whether she likes the job or not3 3他现在从事什么样的工作对他的家庭来说很重要。What job he is doing now is very important to his family.4 4他太矮了，够不着桌子上的苹果。He was too short to reach the apples on the table.5 5我看见他过了马路，进入一家书店。I saw him cross the street

8、and enter a bookstore.B B：能力层面.阅读理解A AUnsolvedUnsolved MysteriesMysteries AboutAbout thethe PlanetPlanet EarthEarthMysteryMystery 1 1：WhereWhere diddid allall thethe waterwater comecome from?from?Water covers 70 percent of Earths surface and earns it the nickname“the blueplanet”And where did the wat

9、er come from?The most popular scientific theory statesthat the H2O arrived in the form of several violent asteroids(小行星)filled withice.AnothersuggeststhatthewateractuallyhasbeenaroundsinceEarthsformation.However it happened，though，its certainly worked out well for Earthslife forms.MysteryMystery 2 2

10、：WhatWhat aboutabout allall thethe oxygen?oxygen?Another thing is the planets oxygen.Tiny creatures released oxygen as a wasteproduct，filling the atmosphere with it.After that，the level of oxygen in Earthsatmosphere went wildly up and down until it finally calmed down around 540 millionyears ago.Sin

11、ce then，its remained at about the breathable level we experiencetoday.But what caused it to be suddenly steady?MysteryMystery 3 3：WhatWhat causedcaused thethe CambrianCambrian(寒武纪的)explosion?explosion?The Cambrian explosion refers to the explosion of complex life that occurred onthe Earth about 540

12、million years ago.Before then，life had consisted mostly ofbacteria.But at the beginning of the Cambrian period，complex creatures begandeveloping at a rate never before seen.Suddenly，life forms had brains，eyes，andbones.Most creatures that are alive today can trace their blood back to the Cambrianperi

13、od.MysteryMystery 4 4：WillWill wewe everever bebe ableable toto predictpredict earthquakes?earthquakes?We still havent been able to come up with a way to accurately predictearthquakes.We can certainly try，but our current technology cannot predict themexactly.We know that earthquakes start when rocks

14、 crack underground and sendearthquake waves toward the surface，but we havent figured out why that happens，or how to predict it.【语篇解读】本文介绍了四个关于地球的未解之谜，它们分别是：水来自哪里？氧气又来自哪里？是什么导致了寒武纪生命大爆发？我们能够预测地震吗？1 1What was created later by creatures on the Earth?AWater.BBacteria.COxygen.DIce.C C细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“Tin

15、y creatures released oxygen as a wasteproduct”可知，地球上的生物后来创造了氧气。2 2Which of the following talks about the Earths advanced species?AMystery 1BMystery 2CMystery 4DMystery 3D D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Most creatures that are alive today cantrace their blood back to the Cambrian period”可知，奥秘 3 谈论了地球上先进的物种。3 3What

16、 do we know about Mystery 4?AIt is a matter that has extremely practical significance.BIt will be solved in the near future.CIt is the most difficult to solve of the four.DIt is the oldest mystery of the four.A A推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，奥秘 4 是关于我们是否能够预测地震，结合生活实际可知，这是一件非常有实际意义的事。B BMercury(水星)is the closest

17、 planet to the sun.It is a planet slightly largerthan the Earths moon.It is covered with craters.Some craters have ice in them，even though the planet is hot.Sunlight never touches some parts of it because of theplanets special position.Without air，there are great temperature differencesbetween the c

18、oldest and hottest parts.Mercury days are so long that there are bigdifferences between temperatures on the daylight side and the night side.Mercury was probably created billions of years ago，when big rocks ran into eachother.After these accidents，the planet was frequently visited by meteorites(陨石)f

19、or several hundred million years.There were also many volcanic eruptions.As theplanet cooled，the thin，rocky outside shell reduced in the diameter(直径)by about3 kilometers.The Caloris Basin is one of the largest craters on Mercury.This big crater is1，300 kilometers wide and was formed when a large roc

20、k，about 100 kilometers across，knocked the surface.Beethoven，another large crater，is 643 kilometers across.The cliffs on Mercury are up to 2 kilometers high and hundreds of kilometerslong.The cliffs were formed when the thin surface fell apart，as volcanic activityslowed down and Mercury became cooler

21、.One Mercury day lasts about 59 Earth days.Mercury takes about 88 Earth days tohave a complete year，instead of the 365 days that we have on the Earth.Mercury speedsaround the sun so that there are about three Mercury days every two Mercury years!Mercury has a strange relationship with the Earth.Ever

22、y 117 days，when Mercury isclosest to the Earth，it always has the same side facing us.Mariner 10 is the only spacecraft to visit Mercury.It made three visits to Mercuryin the 1970s，taking photos of many cliffs and craters.Although the first three visitsanswered many questions，they have raised others.

23、【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了水星的温度、地貌以及自转与公转等相关情况。4 4What is the surface of Mercury like?AIts generally flat.BIts hot everywhere.CIts bright everywhere.DIts cold in some parts.D D细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“Some craters have ice in them，even though theplanet is hot”及第六句“Without air，there are great temperature differences betwee

24、nthe coldest and hottest parts”可知，水星上不同区域的温度有很大的差别，有些地方冷，有些地方热。故选 D。5 5Why did Mercurys diameter get smaller?AA drop in temperature changed its size.BA great many meteorites ran into it.CIt got out of shape as time passed.DLots of surface rocks fell off.A A细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“As the planet cooled，the thi

25、n，rocky outsideshell reduced in the diameter(直径)by about 3 kilometers”可知，随着水星的冷却，它的直径减少了约 3 千米。由此可知，水星的直径变小是温度的下降引起的。故选 A。6 6What do we know about Mercury?AOne Mercury day lasts about 88 Earth days.BIt turns around the sun faster than the Earth.CSix Mercury days are two Mercury years.DIt has more cl

26、iffs than large craters.B B推理判断题。根据第五段第二句“Mercury takes about 88 Earth days to have acomplete year，instead of the 365 days that we have on the Earth”可知，水星大约需要 88 个地球日就有完整的一年，而不是我们在地球上所需要的 365 天。由此可推知，水星绕太阳公转的速度比地球快，故选 B。7 7What happened after Mariner 10s three visits to Mercury?AAnother spacecraft v

27、isited Mercury.BNew cliffs and craters were formed.CNew signs of volcanic activity appeared.DLots of new puzzles needed to be solved.D D细节理解题。根据第六段第三句“Although the first three visits answered manyquestions，they have raised others”可知，尽管水手 10 号探测器的前三次探测回答了许多疑问，但它们也提出了其他疑问。故选 D。.阅读七选五People have always

28、 wanted to know what the future will look like.Then，how canwe?1The world has changed a lot in the last 150 years，but we humans are drivenby the same basic needs as we were 150 years ago，such as food，sleep，the feelingof being appreciated and loved.2No.In addition，generally speaking，theinventions for

29、the last 150 years have been a human effort for freedom andcommunication，to be able to get in control of the time and world.Since there is stillmuch to do in this area，this will be the focus at least for the next 150 years.But why do we need to predict the future?Predicting the future is important f

30、ortwo reasons:First，we need to start to think about what kind of future we would likefor ourselves and to pass on to the next generation.3How about the virtual worlds?It might be in the future to experience the sandbetween your toes，and hear the waves，just lying in your bed at home.4So，even if a gre

31、at invention is there for an affordable price，itll never take the placeof the common experience if it is not real.5What well see in the next 50 years is the transition(过渡)from anoildependent society to a new society.Here therell be new medicine，continuedexploration of space，challenges in the climate

32、 change，and new inventions that makelife a little easier.AWill this change in the next 150 years?BSo what will the future look like then?CPredicting the future can help us in many ways.DWell，to understand the future，you must know the past.EHowever，youll never get the feeling of being there.FHowever，

33、no matter how real the experience will feel，it doesnt happen forreal.GThen we need to know what decisions we need to make today that will give thebest result in the future.【语篇解读】人们总想知道未来会是什么样子的，其实要想展望未来，必须了解过去。不管世界如何变化，人们的基本需求如食物、睡眠、被欣赏和爱的感觉等不会改变，未来的虚拟世界也不会代替真实的世界。但是可以预知，未来五十年里，世界将从依靠石油的社会过渡到新的社会，人们

34、的生活会更好。1D D根据空处下文可知，在过去的 150 年里，世界发生了巨大的变化；结合空前一句可推知，空处承上启下，说明我们想要展望未来，就要了解过去，故 D 项符合语境。2A A根据空前一句可知，在过去的 150 年里，人们的基本需求如食物、睡眠、被欣赏和爱的感觉没有变化，结合空后的“No”可知，空处应是一个疑问句，并与空前一句讲人的基本需求相呼应，故 A 项与此处匹配。3G G根据该段第二句可知，该段主要讲的是预知未来的两个原因，空前一句讲的是第一个原因，即需要思考自己想要的并传递给下一代的未来是什么样的；据此可知，空处陈述第二个原因，即需要知道做出怎样的决定才能给未来带来最好的结果，

35、故 G 项正确。其中 G项中的“Then we need to”与空前一句中的“First，we need to”相呼应。4F F根据空后一句可知，即使一项重大发明的价格我们可以承受，但是虚拟体验绝不会代替真实体验，结合空处上文可推知，F 项符合语境，衔接上下文。5B B根据空处下文可知，该段介绍了对未来五十年的展望：从依靠石油的社会过渡到新的社会；未来的生活更好。故 B 项与此处匹配。.语法填空Household garbage sorting and recycling have become a hot topic in Shanghaibecause of Chinas first c

36、ompulsory garbageseparation law that every household andinstitution shall classify waste into four 1 1_(category)Those who fail tosort garbage may 2 2_(fine)up to 200yuan.3 3_(previous)，everything went into one bin，so this change has made manypeople very 4 4_(worry)，who said they were struggling to

37、master the detailsquickly.Now thanks to the efforts of 5 5_ number of young programmers，discoveringthe proper classification for each piece of household waste has become as simple astaking a photo 6 6_ calling someone using your smartphone.They have applied speech and image recognition technologies

38、7 7_ apps andother smartphone services to guide Shanghai residents through the garbageseparationrules.Most of the apps and services，which 8 8_(begin)springing up last monthin app stores on messaging tool WeChat and mobile payment service Alipay，allow usersto type in the name of waste 9 9_(identify)w

39、hich category it belongs to.Manyapps also use speech and image recognition to make the process much easier，but theircreators say they will disappear in time with the Chinese 1010_(become)moreaccustomed to the rules.【语篇解读】随着上海垃圾分类条例的实施，垃圾分类和回收成为上海的热点话题；中国年轻的程序员利用声像识别技术，将垃圾分类的工作变得如拍照或使用智能手机打电话一样容易。1ca

40、tegoriescategories考查名词的单复数。category 为可数名词，根据该句中的“four”可知，此处用复数形式。2bebe finedfined考查语态。句意：那些没能进行垃圾分类的人可能会被罚高达 200 元。分析句子结构并根据句意可知，该句主语 Those 和动词 fine 之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。3PreviouslyPreviously考查副词。根据句子结构可知，此处修饰整个句子，故填副词Previously。4 worriedworried考查形容词。分析该句结构可知，空处作 make 的宾语补足语，宾语为 manypeople，故用形容词 worried。5

41、a a考查冠词。a number of 为固定搭配，意为“许多”。该处指“许多年轻的程序员”。6oror考查连词。根据语境可知，空处前后是选择关系。此处表示与拍照片或者使用智能手机打电话一样简单。故用连词 or。7toto考查固定搭配。apply.to.为固定搭配，意为“将应用于”，此处表示将声像识别技术应用于应用程序和其他智能手机的服务。8beganbegan考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“last month”可知，此处陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。9toto identifyidentify考查动词不定式。此处表示允许用户输入垃圾的名称以识别它属于哪一类，据此可知，此处作目的状语，故用动词不定式。10becomingbecoming考查 with 复合结构。分析该句结构可知，空处为 the Chinese 的补足语，the Chinese 和动词 become 为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填现在分词形式 becoming。