2021版高考英语大一轮复习核心素养测评六Module6TheInternetandTelecommunications外研版必修1.doc

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1、核心素养测评六 Module 6 The Internet and Telecommunications. 阅读理解A Google-one of the worlds outstanding tech companies-was hacked(袭击). It wasnt its search engine that was attacked or its advertising platform or even its social network, Google+. Instead, it was a building. Two cybersecurity (网络安全) experts h

2、acked into its Wharf 7 office in Sydney, Australia, through Googles building management system (BMS). One of them, Billy Rios, says, “My colleague and I have a lot of experience in cybersecurity, but it is not something that people couldnt learn. Once you understand how the systems work, it is very

3、simple. ”They found the systems on Shodan, a search engine that lists devices connected to the Internet, and then ran it through their own software to identify who owned the building. In the case of the Google hack, the researchers had no nefarious purpose and just informed Google about what they fo

4、und. According to Mr Rios, who runs security company Whitescope, there are 50, 000 buildings currently connected to the Internet-including research institutes, churches and hospitals, and 2, 000 of those are online with no password protection. Martyn Thomas, a professor of IT at Gresham College in t

5、he UK, says, “It is beyond doubt that attempts to attack building management systems are happening all the time. ”Making a building smart generally means connecting the systems that control heating, lighting and security to the Internet and the wider corporate(共同的) network. There was a strong reason

6、 for doing this, said Andrew Kelly, principal security consultant at defence company Qinetiq. “Energy savings are the biggest reason in connecting building management systems to the corporate network, ” he says. “It gives those who run the building better control and offers between 20% to 50% in ene

7、rgy savings. ” But it also makes them less secure. And if any of these feels like a Hollywood film, think again. 【文章大意】本文属于科普类说明文。主要讲了黑客利用网络攻击谷歌一整座大楼, 造成大楼管理系统瘫痪。1. How did Billy Rios and his colleague hack Googles building? A. By inventing a search engine. B. By using their work experiences in Goog

8、le. C. By finding out weaknesses of Googles BMS. D. By connecting their own software to the building. 【解析】选C。 推理判断题。由第三段和第 段谈到了Billy Rios和他同事发现了连接在搜索引擎Shodan上的大楼管理系统, 然后通过他们自己的软件进入了谷歌大楼。由此可以推知他们是发现了谷歌管理系统的漏洞才进入了谷歌。2. What does the underlined word “nefarious” mean in Paragraph 4? A. Ill. B. Obvious.

9、C. Formal. D. Valuable. 【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据该句后面信息. . . just informed Google about what they found我们可知Billy Rios和他同事只是把他们所发现的漏洞告诉了谷歌, 由此推知他们进入谷歌并没有“恶意”。3. How does the author feel about the smart buildings energy savings? A. Doubtful. B. Favorable. C. Confused. D. Worried. 【解析】选D。作者态度题。由最后一段But it also m

10、akes them less secure. And if any of these feels like a Hollywood film, think again. 信息告诉我们, 将大楼智能化管理, 可以节约能源, 但这会让大楼管理系统不安全, 如果这像一部好莱坞大片的话, 我们应该三思一下。这些信息充分说明了作者对此的态度, 那就是忧心忡忡。4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. BMS and Energy SavingsB. Internet Attacks on BuildingsC. Sm

11、arter Buildings by DesignD. Hacked Buildings and IT Experts【解析】选 B。标题归纳题。作者首先谈到谷歌大楼受到网络安全专家Billy Rios和他同事的攻击, 然后作者谈到有5万座大楼包括研究机构等目前与互联网直接连通, 而且其中有2千座大楼没有密码保护, 将大楼与互联网连通, 主要是为了节约能源, 但这也带来了安全风险。由此可知B为正确答案。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. outstandingadj. 杰出的; 显著的2. attack vt. 袭击3. advertise vt. & vi. 打广告4. platform n. 平台5

12、. expert n. 专家; 行家6. colleague n. 同事7. experience n. 经验8. device n. 器具, 器械, 仪器; 装置; 设备9. identify vt. 确定; 鉴定; 识别10. inform vt. 通知; 告知11. currently adv. 当前12. protection n. 保护13. It is beyond doubt that. . . 毫无疑问14. control n. & v. 控制15. all the time始终; 一直16. connect. . . to. . . 将与连接起来17. energy sav

13、ings节约能源BSupercomputers which can analyse blood samples and predict which patients are likely to become seriously ill could save tens of thousands of lives a year, it was revealed last night, according toThe Daily Express. The artificial intelligence (AI) system, developed at University College Lond

14、on and set to be piloted in NHS hospitals later this year, will screen “at risk” patients so doctors can take early action to prevent death or serious illness. Prof Young, a consultant surgeon at Southend University Hospital, said, “I am so excited about this form of technology. ”Instead of people g

15、etting sick or dying because they are not picked up in time, this will allow us to step in earlier which will save lives and an enormous amount of money. “I think the potential of AI in healthcare like this is as big as the Industrial Revolution was and signals a completely new example in the way we

16、 manage healthcare. ”The technology is the brainchild of Dr. Vishal Nangalia, a consultant at the Royal Free Hospital in London. He used AI to analyse a billion stored blood samples from 20 different UK hospital trusts dating back up to 12 years. Computers assess blood test results by picking up sub

17、tle changes in red and white blood cells, suggesting a patient is going downhill. He found the technique forecast outcomes of patients with kidney problems with up to 95 percent accuracy. Traditional methods highlighting serious patient concerns picked up as few as 16 percent of patients who went on

18、 to die. “This gives us the opportunity not only to save lives but to prevent serious illness, making the health service not only safer but more efficient. ” Prof Young said, “Instead of waiting for people to get worse, we will be able to treat them earlier. ”【文章大意】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章主要介绍超级计算机能够分析血样并预测哪

19、些病人可能会患上重病, 每年可以挽救数万人的生命。5. What does the underlined word “screen” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. comfort. B. treat. C. spot. D. nurse. 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第二段so doctors can take early action to prevent death or serious illness. 以便医生能够及早采取行动, 预防死亡或严重疾病, 可以猜测出, 人工智能将用于对高危病人进行“筛查”。此处screen意为“筛查”。故选C。6. How do sup

20、ercomputers help save lives? A. By storing blood samples. B. By analyzing patients cases. C. By observing changes in blood cells. D. By assisting doctors with their operations. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段Computers assess blood test results by picking up subtle changes in red and white blood cells, suggesting

21、 a patient is going downhill. 可知, 计算机通过检测红细胞和白细胞的细微变化来评估血液检测结果。故选C。7. Why did Professor Young mention the Industrial Revolution? A. To show the influence of AI. B. To stress the importance of health care. C. To introduce the topic of supercomputers. D. To present the achievement he has accomplished.

22、 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段“I think the potential of AI in healthcare like this is as big as the Industrial Revolution was and signals a completely new example in the way we manage healthcare. ” Prof Young认为, 人工智能在医疗保健领域的潜力与工业革命一样大, 以此类比, 说明人工智能在医疗领域的影响力。故选A。8. What do we know about the new technology? A. I

23、t helps patients recover earlier. B. It has helped save thousands of lives. C. It will promote the health service greatly. D. It is intended for patients with kidney diseases. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段“Instead of waiting for people to get worse, we will be able to treat them earlier. ” 可知, 这项技术将能够更早地治疗患者,

24、 而不是坐等病情恶化, 从而推断, 人工智能这一科技帮助医生对疾病诊疗早预判, 早介入, 从而帮助挽救大量生命, 将大大促进卫生服务。故选C。. 完形填空(2020北京模拟)You never know what nature has prepared for you as a gift. Years ago, when walking alone on a beach in remote southwest Florida, I was so 1 to hear splashes(水溅声)coming from the water. As I walked in the 2 of the s

25、ounds, I saw a manatee(海牛)show its head out of the water, 3 a great snuffling(带鼻音的)breath. It seemed that it was in 4 and trying to get out of it. Id never seen a5 like this before. I wanted to ask for help, but there was no one 6. So I went into the shallow water and went toward the animal. I came7

26、 enough to make out the manatee. Then, a second manatee, much smaller, appeared beside it. 8, the other manatees were also moving toward me. Soon I was 9 by several manatees. I could clearly see the larger manatee 10 the little one up with her flipper(鳍状肢)and pushed it to the surface beside me. As t

27、he two slipped underwater, two other manatees moved up from behind, one on either side, 11 gently against my body as they swam past. They circled and 12 the action, this time 13 by the mother and her baby. I held my hand out touching their backs as they passed me. Since they obviously enjoyed touchi

28、ng me, I began 14 each of them as they swam by. I stood there enjoying the scene, 15 to move, until finally the rising tide 16 me back to the shore. Later I knew exactly what took place that morning. The manatees involved me in their celebration of a birth and I was welcome to meet the 17 member of

29、their family. During that unexpected scene, I felt more involved in the rhythms of18 on our earth than ever. Each year, I head for that 19 for a quiet little birthday picnic on the shore. After all, you never know who might 20 up for your party. 【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过作者偶遇海牛的故事, 感悟到你永远不知道大自然为你准备了什么礼物

30、。1. A. frustratedB. surprisedC. embarrassedD. disappointed【解析】选B。句意: 我很惊讶地听到水溅了出来。frustrated 挫败的; surprised 感到惊讶的; embarrassed 尴尬的; disappointed 失望的。2. A. directionB. conditionC. middleD. side【解析】选A。根据I was so to hear splashes coming from the water. 可知我朝发出声音的方向走去。direction方向; condition条件; middle中间;

31、side旁边。3. A. making outB. putting outC. coming outD. letting out【解析】选D。根据I saw a manatee show its head out of the water, 可知这只海牛发出很大的带鼻音的呼吸。make out辨认出; put out扑灭; come out走出来; let out发出。4. A. forceB. trouble C. loss D. action【解析】选B。根据and trying to get out of it可知它看起来遇到了麻烦。in trouble陷入困境。5. A. lookB.

32、 feel C. scene D. smell【解析】选C。句意: 我以前从未见过这样的场面。look看; feel感觉; scene场面; smell气味。6. A. in handB. in sightC. in the wayD. in the distance【解析】选B。根据So I went into the shallow water and went toward the animal. 可知但眼前一个人也没有。in hand在手头; in sight看得见; in the way挡道; in the distance在远处。7. A. close B. soon C. qui

33、ckD. straight【解析】选A。句意: 我走得足够近, 能看清海牛。close靠近地; soon不久; quick迅速的; straight直接。8. A. LuckilyB. PersonallyC. UnexpectedlyD. Sadly【解析】选C。句意: 出乎意料的是, 其他的海牛也朝我走过来。 luckily幸好; personally亲自地; unexpectedly出乎意料地; sadly悲伤地。9. A. watchedB. surroundedC. attackedD. separated【解析】选B。根据the other manatees were also m

34、oving toward me可知很快, 我就被几头海牛包围了。watch观看; surround包围; attack攻击; separate分开。10. A. turn B. eatC. throwD. hold【解析】选D。句意: 我能清楚地看到大海牛用鳍状肢把小海牛握住, 推到我旁边的水面上。turn转动; eat吃; throw抛; hold握住。11. A. rubbingB. preventingC. surfingD. comforting【解析】选A。句意: 当两只海牛潜入水中时, 另外两只海牛从后面游上来, 一边一只, 轻轻地蹭着我的身体游过。 rub摩擦; prevent防

35、止; surf冲浪; comfort安慰。12. A. practicedB. changedC. repeatedD. showed【解析】选C。句意: 它们围成一圈, 重复这个动作, 这次跟着的是母亲和它的孩子。practice练习; change改变; repeat重复; show显示。13. A. seenB. followedC. taughtD. ordered【解析】选B。see看到; follow跟随; teach教; order命令。14. A. movingB. hittingC. catchingD. touching【解析】选D。根据Since they obvious

36、ly enjoyed touching me, 可知它们从我身边游过时, 我开始摸它们。move移动; hit击打; catch抓住; touch触摸。15. A. unwillingB. readyC. unableD. afraid【解析】选A。句意: 我站在那里欣赏这一幕, 不愿挪动, 直到最后涨潮迫使我回到岸边。unwilling不愿意的; ready准备好的; unable不能的; afraid害怕的。16. A. invitedB. forbadeC. forcedD. helped【解析】选C。invite邀请; forbid禁止; force强迫; help帮助。17. A.

37、bestB. oldestC. toughestD. newest【解析】选D。根据The manatees involved me in their celebration of a birth可知我被欢迎见到它们家最新的成员。best最好的; oldest最老的; toughest最坚强的; newest最新的。18. A. lifeB. musicC. worldD. development【解析】选A。句意: 在这意想不到的一幕中, 我感到自己比以往任何时候都更融入到地球上生命的节奏中。 life生命; music音乐; world世界; development发展。19. A. bo

38、atB. hillC. beachD. manatee【解析】选C。根据Years ago, when walking alone on a beach in remote southwest Florida, 可知这里意思是每年, 我都会去那个海滩, 在岸边举行一个安静的小型生日野餐。 boat船; hill小山; beach海滩; manatee海牛。20. A. buildB. showC. look D. step【解析】选B。句意: 毕竟, 你永远不知道谁会出现在你的聚会上。build up加强; show up出现; look up查阅; step up提高。【知识拓展】佳词积累1

39、. remoteadj. 遥远的2. shallow adj. 浅的3. surface n. 表面4. gently adv. 温柔地5. circle v. 转圈6. obviously adv. 明显地, 显然地7. scene n. 场景8. tide n. 潮汐9. rhythm n. 旋律难句解读 As I walked in the direction of the sounds, I saw a manatee show its head out of the water, letting out a great snuffling breath. 分析: As I walke

40、d in the direction of the sounds是一个时间状语从句, 主句为I saw(that)a manatee show its head out of the water, 后面接了一个非谓语短语letting out a great snuffling breath. 翻译: 当我沿着声音的方向走的时候, 我看到一只海牛露出水面, 发出一股巨大的鼻息。. 语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。At the beginning of Chinese Year of the Pig, a video called What is Pep

41、pa Pig made a pink pig the 1. (hot) image in China. The video features an elderly man living in the countryside. 2. (give) a New Year gift to his grandson in the city, he wonders what Peppa Pig is. The elderly man, 3. (eventual), makes a Peppa Pig by himself based on a blowing machine. The video 4.

42、conveys the message of family reunion and a grandfathers love won 1, 500 million clicks within 24 hours. And the popular cartoon character, with its round belly and big ears, has long been taken 5. a symbol for abundance, wealth and good luck in Chinese culture. The peppa alongside her family 6. (be

43、come) a global hit since the cartoons release in 2004. The childrens TV show is so popular because it is one of the few that families can enjoy together without adults feeling 7. (bore). The 8. (produce) made his fortune thanks to the young peppa pig. 9. it comes to the secret of success, he explain

44、ed that he tried to 10. (simple) the show and ensured the piglet is unforgettable. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一段叫做小猪佩奇是什么的视频让粉红猪成为中国最火的形象。该视频传达了家庭团聚和祖父之爱的信息, 在24小时内获得了15亿的点击量。1. 【解析】hottest。考查形容词最高级。句意: 在中国猪年伊始, 一段名为小猪佩奇是什么的视频让粉红猪成为中国最火的形象。根据后文in China可知应填形容词最高级hottest。2. 【解析】To give。考查非谓语动词。句意: 为了给在城里的孙子送新

45、年礼物, 他想知道小猪佩奇是什么。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词, give在句中表目的用不定式, 故填To give。3. 【解析】eventually。考查副词。make为动词需要副词修饰, 故填eventually。4. 【解析】that/which。考查定语从句连接词。句意: 传达了家庭团聚和祖父之爱的信息, 该视频在24小时内获得了15亿的点击量。本句为定语从句修饰先行词video, 且先行词在从句中作主语, 指物, 故填关系代词that或which。5. 【解析】as。考查介词。句意: 这个广受欢迎的卡通人物有着圆圆的肚子和大大的耳朵, 在中国文化中, 它一直被视为富足、财富和

46、好运的象征。短语be taken as“被视为; 被当做”, 故填as。6. 【解析】has become。考查动词时态。句意: 自从2004年小猪佩奇上映以来, 她和她的家人一起成为了全球最受欢迎的卡通形象。根据下文since the cartoons release in 2004可知用现在完成时, 主语为单数, 故填has become。7. 【解析】bored。考查形容词。根据上文feeling可知填形容词作表语, 故填bored。8. 【解析】producer。考查名词。句意: 这位制作人靠年轻的小猪佩奇发了财。作主语, 表示“制作人”, 故填producer。9. 【解析】When

47、。考查连接词。句意: 当谈到成功的秘诀时, 他解释说, 他试图简化节目, 确保小猪是令人难忘的。固定短语when it comes to. . . “当提到”, 故填When。10. 【解析】simplify。考查动词。try to do sth. “尽力做某事”, try to后跟动词原形, 故填动词simplify。. 短文改错 Last week I went to countryside to visit my parents. I enjoyed the warmly family atmosphere. That evening, a group of local actor came to give a performance in the village hall. When the news gets around, excitement f