高中英语高考英语名词常考题型例题及答案第a1508期.docx

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1、高中英语高考英语名词常考题型例题及答案单项选择题（精选试题-名师出品）1、 If we want to achieve success or get over the difficulties on the way, we shouldnt focus too much on the side of our life .A. positiveB. advantageC. negativeD. disadvantage答案：C解析：考查形容词/名词辨析。句意：如果我们想取得成功或克服路上的困难，我们不应该过多地关注生活的消极一 面。A. positive积极的;B.advantage优势（名词）

2、；C. negative消极的；D.disadvantage劣势。根据空前的we shouldnt focus too much on可知，我们不应该过多地关注生活的消极一面。应选Co2、He is under great because of his new job.A. stressB. strengthC. streamD. push答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为新工作，他现在的压力很大。A.stress压力；B.strength力量；C.stream小河; D.push推。under great stress表示：压力很大。由此可知A符合语境，应选A。3、 It is sa

3、id that the San Francisco earthquake of 1906 had a of 8.3.A. detailB. magnitudeC. honourD. marathon答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：据说1906年旧金山地震的震级为8.3级。A. detail细节；B.magnitude震级；C.honour荣誉；D. marathon马拉松。表示地震的震级需用名词magnitude。应选B。4、 Weve always regarded Dr. Smith as a man of integrity and high professional.A. int

4、erests. attitudeC. competenceD. reputation 出回复，superiority优越，优势。根据while可知，前后两句表示转折关系。所以，the cold wind of和第二句话中的give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise”正好相反。和 praise 相反的是“批评(criticism)”。所以应该选B。apply sth. to sb.意为“将应用到,将施加到。该处指apply the cold wind of criticism to others(将批评的冷风施加到别人身上，即：批评别人)。应选B。2

5、9 I want to buy as a birthday gift for my sister.A. some jewelB. a piece of jewelC. a jewelleryD. a piece of jewellery答案：D解析：考查名词。句意：我想买一件珠宝作为我妹妹的生日礼物。jewel指宝石，珍宝，一般指的仅仅是宝石； jewellery珠宝首饰，侧重指首饰,为不可数名词,表示一件珠宝应用a piece of jewellery。应选D。30、 He made a quick to the new surroundings. In other words, he wa

6、s more.A. adoption, adaptiveB. adaptation, adaptiveC. adapt, adaptableD. adaptation, adaptable答案：D解析：考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意:他很快就适应了新环境。换句话说，他的适应能力更强。A. adoption, adaptive采用；适应的，常用在专业术语当中；B.adaptation, adaptive适应；适应的；C.adapt, adaptable动词, 适应；能适应的，适应性强的，指在生活中表示适应能力强；D.adaptation, adaptable适应；能适应的，适应 性强的。第一空根

7、据后文“to the new surroundings”可知指适应新环境，应用make a quick adaptation；第二空 表示在新环境中适应能力强应用形容词adaptableo应选D。31、 You didnt do anything wrongyou should have a clear.A. costumeB. corporationC. contestD. conscience答案：D 解析:10考查名词词义辨析。句意：你没有做错任何事你应该问心无愧。A.costume戏装；B. corporation公司；C.contest竞赛；D. conscience良心；内疚。根据

8、You didnt do anything wrong 可知，你没有做错任何事你应该问心无愧。应选D项。32、The motor industry declares that electric cars will become mainstream （主流）over the next.A. entrances. decadeC. committeeD. feedback答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:汽车工业宣称电动汽车将在未来十年成为主流。A. entrance入口； B. decade十年; C committee委员会;D.feedback反应。根据句意以及前文over the n

9、ext可知,此处指“在未来十年应选B 项。33、 In a small wooded valley two towns, both set in beautiful.A. lies; surroundingB. lie; surroundingsC. lay; surroundingD. did lie; surroundings答案：B解析：考查倒装句，时态和名词。句意：在一个树木繁茂的小山谷里有两个城镇，都坐落在美丽的环境中。分析句 子可知，表示方位的介副词短语置于句首，句子使用全部倒装，根据句意用一般现在时，lie位于，lay是lie 的过去式，故排除C、D项，主语是two towns,

10、是复数，故谓语动词用复数，surrounding周围的，是形容 词,surroundings”环境是名词,形容词beautiful修饰名词surroundings作介词宾语,应选B。34、 Its not necessary to buy any special. Just a pair of good running shoes will do.A. entertainmentB. announcementC. equipmentD. disappointment答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：不需要购买任何特殊设备。一双好的跑鞋就行了。A.entertainment娱乐；11B.an

11、nouncement 公告；C.equipment 设备；D.disappointment 失望。 由“Just a pair of good running shoes will do 可知，句子说不需要购买任何特殊设备。一双好的跑鞋就行了，因此空格处是设备，即equipment,应选Co35、Im pleased that we do have the to produce so much food.A. frictionB. clueC. capacityD. physician答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴我们有能力生产这么多食物。A. friction摩擦力；B.cl

12、ue线索；C. capacity （领悟或理解、办事）能力；D.physician医师，内科医生。根据前后文句意可知，此处指“有能力生产足够的 食物。应选C项。36、Jay Leno, the host of the Tonight show, once said that every new challenge put all the resources of the host to the test, and most solutions belonged to the.A. accidentB. customC. eventD. occasion答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Ja

13、y Leno曾经说过，每一次挑战都在测试主持人的资源，大多数的解决方法都属于 偶然。A. accident偶然；B.custom风俗；C.event工程，大事件；D.occasion场合。根据句意分析可知,此处 表示“解决方式属于偶然，表达为accident。应选A。37、Music should be taught on a regular basis in schools because of the it can bring to the development ofchildren/s brains.A. systemsB. prioritiesC. barriersD. benefi

14、ts答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：学校应该定期教授音乐，因为音乐对儿童大脑的发育有好处。A. systems体系，系12 统；B. priorities 优先事项；C. barriers 障碍；D. benefits 好处。根据Music should be taught on a regular basis in schools推知，音乐对儿童大脑的开展是有好处的。应选D。小提示：38、My brother is a policeman.戈J线成分是A.主语B,谓语C.宾语D.表语答案：D解析：考查句子成分。句意：我的哥哥是一名警察。句子中，my brother”为主语，is为系动词

15、，a policeman”在系 动词后作表语。应选Do39、Nowadays, when you enter a shopping mall or bank, the staff there will take your temperature at the entrance as a matter of.A. contactB. routineC. virtueD. manners答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，当你进入购物商场或者银行时，员工会在入口按照惯例给你量体温。A.contact联系；B. routine惯例，常规；C.virtue道德,美德；D.manners礼貌。根

16、据句子分析可知，此处表示 “按照惯例，作为例行公事,表达为as a matter of routine。应选B。小提示：40、Though David received the from the school basketball team, he didn/t give up his dream andcontinued practicing hard.A. interactions. companionshipC. cooperationD. rejection答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然大卫遭到了学校篮球队的拒绝，但他并没有放弃自己的梦想，并继续努力练13习。A. inte

17、raction 互动;B. companionship 友谊；C. cooperation 合作；D. rejection 拒绝。根据上下文的转折 关系，可知大卫遭到了学校篮球队的拒绝，拒绝（rejection）符合语境和句意，应选D。41、 The only thing he listened to while up was Jazz music, for which he showed a particular.A. grew; preferences, was growing; interestC. grown; interestD. growing; preference答案：D解析：

18、考查省略和名词词义辨析。句意：在他成长的过程中，他听的唯一的音乐就是爵士乐，因此他对爵士乐有特 殊的偏爱。while引导时间状语从句时，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，那么从句的主语和be动词都可 以省略，所以 while （he was） growing。preference （爱好，偏爱的事物）；interest （兴趣）。show a preference （表 现出偏爱）。根据The only thing he listened to while up was Jazz music”可知，他对爵士乐有特殊的偏爱。应选D。42、 There is no need to tell me y

19、our answer now. Give it some and then let me know.A. thoughtB. strengthsC. protectionD. authority答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。考虑一下，然后告诉我。A,thought思考；Bo strengths 力量；C.protection 保护；D.authority 权威。根据There is no need to tell me your answer now”可知， 现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。考虑一下，然后告诉我。应选A项。43、Professor Wang of

20、fered two graduate courses last.A. flashB. teenagerC. semesterD. focus答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：王教授上学期开了两门研究生课程。A. flash闪现；B. teenager青少年；C.semester 学期；D. focus 焦点。由上文“Professor Wang offered two graduate courses last可知，王教授是在上学14期开了两门研究生课程，应选C。44、 My first was to go straight to Henry and tell him my news, b

21、ut on reflection I thought better of it.A. impulseB. baitC. bounceD. distinction答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的第一个冲动是直接去找亨利把我的消息告诉他，但经过深思熟虑，我改变了 主意。A. impulse冲动；B.bait诱饵;C.bounce弹跳；D. distinction差异。根据句意和句中but on reflection I thought better of it可知，我之前的决定未经过深思熟虑，是冲动的做法，impulse意为冲动。应选A项。45、 Toms parents behavio

22、r, as well as their words a key effect on him during the past twenty years.A. haveB. have hadC. has hadD. has答案：c解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的20年里，汤姆父母的行为和话语都对他有关键的影响。根据时间 状语during the past twenty years”可知，句子谓语用现在完成时。当as well as”并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就 远原那么，即和behavior保持一致，所以要用第三人称单数形式。应选C。46 Weve had a few, but were

23、 still good friends.A. disagreeB. disagreesC. disagreementD. disagreements答案：D解析：考查名词。句意：我们有过一些分歧，但我们仍然是好朋友。分析句子可知，设空处单词在句中作宾语，应 用名词，disagree意为不同意，动词词性，故A和B排除，disagreement意为分歧，为可数名词,句中 a few意为一些，几个，后接可数名词复数形式，故空格处应用disagreement的复数形式disagreements。应选D项。47、 - What impressed you most during your stay in

24、 Britain?15-I had the of meeting the Queen when she visited our school.A. treatyB. privilegeC. inspirationD. exploration答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一一你在英国逗留期间印象最深的是什么？ 一一女王访问我们学校时，我有幸见到 了她。A.treaty 条约;B. privilege 特权，荣幸;C. inspiration 灵感；D. exploration 探测。have the privilege of doing sth 很荣幸做某事是固定短语。应选B项。48、

25、The lockdown hobbled Indias economy and its GDP recorded the sharpest in its history.A. motionB. dissatisfactionC. conservationD. contraction答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：封锁令印度经济陷入困境，其GDP出现了历史上最严重的收缩。A. motion运动；dissatisfaction 不满；C. conservation 保护；D. contraction 收缩。木艮据 The lockdown hobbled Indias economy 及常识

26、可知，封锁使经济陷入困境，从而造成了 GDP的收缩(contraction)。应选D项。49、 Everyone must follow his advice and Mr. Wang, our headmaster, was no.A. exceptionB. expectationC. experienceD. expression答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都必须听从他的建议，我们的王校长也不例外。A. exception例外；B.expectation 期待;C. experience 经验；D. expression 表达。根据上文Everyone must foll

27、ow his advice”可知，王 校长也不例外。应选AoThat flood has been several times to prove that its important to take preventive.A. referred to, actionsB. referred, measureC. referred, actionD. referred to, measures16答案：D解析：考查动词短语和名词词义辨析。句意：人们屡次提到那次洪水，以证明采取预防措施是很重要的。第一空表 示“提到，提及”应用短语refer to；结合上文“it，s important to ta

28、ke preventive指采取预防措施，应用take measures,也可以说成 take actiono 应选 Do51、Because of the tight and heavy workload of Grade 12, many students have to make use of their lunchbreak to finish homework.A. scheduleB. pressureC. performanceD. impression答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于12年级的时间紧课业重，很多学生不得不利用午休时间完成作业。A.schedule时间表

29、;B.pressure压力；C.performance表现；D.impression印象。由语意可知,很多学生不得不 利用午休时间完成作业，说明他们的时间安排紧张。应选A项。52、The also preserves the bodies of 100 cats and dogs and other pets whose owners hope they may oneday return to life.A. institutes. instanceC. intensityD. intention答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：该研究所还保存着100只猫、狗和其他宠物的尸体，它们的主人

30、希望它们有朝一 日能复活。A.institute 研究所；B.instance 例子；C.intensity 强度;D.intention 打算。由“preserves the bodies of 100 cats and dogs and other pets可知，是研究所还保存着100只猫、狗和其他宠物的尸体，空格处是研究所, 即 institute,应选 A。53、The winner will receive of books.A. a ten pound worthB. ten pound worthyC. ten pounds worthD. ten pounds worthy17

31、答案：c解析：考查名词所有格。句意：获胜者将得到价值10英镑的书籍。worth价值，为名词，通常worth后面跟着of, 而且句子里一般含有具体金钱数额。ten pounds后接名词，而worthy是形容词，应选C。54、 To his, it rained every day and ruined the trip.A. disappointmentB. delightC. amazementD. satisfaction答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：让他失望的是，每天都在下雨，毁掉了这次旅行。A. disappointment失望；B.delight喜悦；C.amazement惊讶

32、；D.satisfaction满意。由句意推断，句中描述的事实是令人失望的，应使用 to ones disappointment表示“令人失望的是。应选A。55、 As a soldier, he showed selfless to duty.A. devotionB. conservationC. assumptionD. comparison答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名士兵，他表现出了对职责的无私奉献。A.devotion贡献；B.conservation保存，保持；C.assumption假定；D parison比拟。根据selfless和to duty可知，此处是指

33、对职责的无私奉献。应选A。18答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们一直认为Smith博士为人正直，专业能力强。A. interest兴趣；B.attitude态 度;C. competence能力；D. reputation声誉。根据前文“high professional”可知,Smith博士专业能力强。应选 C项。5、 Anyone can/t leave school without the head teacher/s.A. permissionB. permitC. possibilityD. prediction答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有校长的允许，任何人都不

34、能离开学校。A.permission允许；B. permit许可证；C.possibility可能性;D.prediction预测。without ones permission未经许可为固定短语，符合句意。应选A项。6、I missed the first of the play.A. sceneB. novelC. envelopeD. patience答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我错过了这出戏的第一幕。A.scene场景；B.novel小说；C.envelope信封； D.patience耐心。根据of the play”可知，此处指的是戏剧的第一幕，应选A。小提示：7、 We

35、 will explore a different to gathering information.A. adventureB. approachC. advanceD. addition答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们将探索一种不同的方法来收集信息。A.adventure探险；冒险；B.approach h法;C.advance进步；D.addition附加物；补充物。短语：approach to sth/z的方法，此处指收集信息的一 种不同的方法，应选B。8、Be as careful of the books you read, as of the you keep, for

36、 your habits and character will be as muchinfluenced by the as by the latter.A. resentment.formalB. company . .formerC. hatred.formalD. virtue.former答案：B解析：考查名词和形容词辨析。句意：对你所读的书和你所结交的朋友要同样谨慎，因为你的习惯和性格受到前者 （书籍）和后者（朋友）的影响一样大。A.resentment愤怒,formal正式的;B pany同伴,former前者 （的）；C.hatred 憎恨,formal 正式的;D. virtu

37、e 美德,former 前者（的）。根据“Be as careful of the booksyou read可知，第一空拿读书和交友作比拟，所以选“同伴；根据the latter可知，第二空将前者和后者进行 比照，所以选前者，应选B。9、 What the doctor warned us is that the sleep may cause anger, poor memory and poor concentration.A. want inB. demand onC. lack inD. lack of答案：D解析：考查短语辨析。句意：医生警告我们的是，睡眠缺乏会引起愤怒、记忆力差和

38、注意力不集中。A.wantin动词 短语“想要进来；B. demand on名词短语“需要；C. lack in ,错误表达，正确形容词短语为be lacking in在 缺少；D.lackof名词短语缺少。根据句子结构，设空处缺少名词短语，与sleep一同作从句的主语，表示 唾眠缺乏。应选D。小提示：10、 The football always reminds me of my mistake in that match, so I put it away somewhere out of my.A. sceneB. sceneryC. controlD. sight答案：D 解析：考查名

39、词词义辨析。句意：足球总是让我想起那场比赛中的错误，所以我刻意不去看它。A.scene现场；B.scenery 风景；C.control 控制；D. sight 视力。 根据The football always reminds me of my mistake in that match 可知，一看到足球就让我想起比赛中的失误，所以我刻意不去看它。out of sight 看不见，在视野之外。故 选D。11、A poor economy has caused the of thousands of small businesses.A. complexityB. collapseC. con

40、venienceD. correction答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：经济不景气导致成千上万的小企业倒闭。A. complexity复杂性；B. collapse倒闭；C. convenience方便；D. correction改正。根据上文A poor economy has caused”指经济不景气导致小企业倒闭, 应用collapseo应选Bo12 One difficult task faced by both developed and developing countries is to guarantee the of naturalresources at the

41、lowest possible environmental cost.A. inspectionB. exploitationC. contradictionD. exception答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：兴旺国家和开展中国家面临的一项艰巨任务是保证以尽可能低的环境代价开发自 然资源。A. inspection检查；B.exploitation利用，开发；C.contradiction矛盾；D.exception例外。根据语境和 后文of natural resources at the lowest possible environmental cost”可知,此处指自然资源的

42、开发。应选 B 项。13、They put an in a newspaper looking for rock musicians.A. mapB. advertiseC. informationD. advertisement答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在报纸上登广告寻找摇滚音乐家。A. map地图；B. advertise登广告；C.information信息；D. advertisement广告。由空后“looking for rock musicians”可知，此处表示登广告寻找摇滚音 乐家，不定冠词an后需接名词advertisemento应选D。14、 Jim ha

43、s changed a lot this year and has made a good on others.A. stressB. confusionC. impressionD. campus答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：吉姆今年变化很大，给别人留下了很好的印象。A.stress压力；B.confusion困惑；C.impression印象;D.campus校园。由前面的Jim has changed a lot可知，句子表示“吉姆今年变化很大,给别 人留下了很好的印象,make a good impression on sb.是固定短语,意为“给某人留下很好的印象，应选Co15

44、、 You shouldnt have been so rude to your friend. I think you owe him a(n).A. apologyB. favourC. debtD. attempt答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你不应该对你的朋友那么粗鲁。我觉得你应该向他抱歉。A. apology抱歉；B.favour偏爱;C.debt债务;D.attempt试图。根据so rude to your friend”可知，此处应该是因为对朋友的不礼 貌而向他抱歉。应选A项。16、Because of the tight and heavy workload of G

45、rade 12, many students have to make use of their lunchbreak to finish homework.A. scheduleB. investigationC. performanceD. impression答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于高三年级课业紧张，课业繁重，许多学生不得不利用午休时间来完成作业。A.schedule 日程安排；B. investigation 调查；C. performance 表现；D. impression Epi象。 根据“heavy workload of Grade 12可知，高三年级日程安

46、排紧张。应选A项。17、The on Sarahs face told me that she got annoyed.A. confidences. expressionC. appearanceD. impression答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：莎拉脸上的表情告诉我她生气了。A.confidence信心；B.expression表情；C.appearance外貌；D.impression印象。根据told me that she got annoyed”可知，此处是指脸上的表情。应选 Bo18、How to raise the awareness of environmenta

47、l protection has become one of the most important to bediscussed next meeting.A. errorsB. performancesC. issuesD. behaviors答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如何提高环保意识已成为下次会议要讨论的最重要的问题之一。A. errors错误；B. performances 表演；C. issues 问题，重要议题；D. behaviors 行为。根据句意和句中How to raise the awareness of environmental protection可知，“

48、如何提高环保意识应该是会议上要讨论的问题，issue意为问题，重要 议题，符合语境，one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数，意为最之一，故空格处用issue的复数形 式issues”。应选C项。19、 There come two buses. The former is very crowded, but there is much room in.A. lateB. laterC. latterD. the latter答案：D解析：考查名词。句意：来了两辆公共汽车。前面一辆非常拥挤，但后面一辆有很大的空间。A.late迟（的），作 形容词或副词；B.later后来（的）,作形容词或副词；C.latter后者（的），作形容词或名词；D. t