2023届新高考英语备考复习 高考英语易混词辨析归纳三(形容词和副词).docx

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1、2023届新高考英语备考复习高考英语常考易混形容词、副词归纳考题再现（完填节选）:to the sudden change of weather.The elderly need special care in winter, as they areA. sensitiveB. sensibleC. flexibleD. positiveprepared.例 2 I hope I will not be called on in class as Im not yetA.attentivelyB.readilyC.activelyD.adequately近义词用法比拟1 .live,alive

2、,living,lively这四个词都可用作形容词，都与“活着”有关，但用法不同。live作定语活的，有生命的（主要用来描述动物），现场直播的；实况转播的，现场演出的;alive作表语或后置定语有生命的，活的，还出着气的；living活的，健在的，现在的，现代的;.lively活泼的，活跃的，充满生气的（-full of life and spirit）,用作定语或表语，既可指人，又可指物。如：Have you seen a live whale?你见过活的鲸鱼吗?She must be alive.她一定还活着。Her grandfather is still living at the a

3、ge of 93.她爷爷已 93 岁了,仍然健在。I feel everything here very lively.我觉得这儿的一切都富有生气。There is live music in Bird Nest tonight.今晚在鸟巢有现场演奏的音乐。2.worth,worthy,worthwhile这三个词用作形容词时，都有“值得的的意思，但各自的用法或搭配关系不同。worth是一个只能作表语的形容词，意为“值的”，相当于价值的”，“值得的”，“有的价值的”。由于它类似介词，后须接名词或主动语态的动名词（有被动的含义）作宾语;worthy可以作表语和定语。用作定语时，意为“有价值的”，

4、“值得尊敬的”，“应受到赏识的“；用作表语时,意为值得的，应得到的”,其后常接of sth .也可以接of doing sth./to dosth. worthwhile跟 worthy一样，既可以作表语，也可以作定语。它表示某事因为重要、有趣或受益大而值得去花时间、 钱财或努力去做好它的意思，一般作“值得的”，“值得做的”，“有意义的解。用作表语时，后可以接 动名词或动词不定式。以口：The used car is still worth $200.Guangzhou is worthy of a visit/to be visited/of being visited.Helping ol

5、d people is a worthwhile activity.3 mon,usual,ordinary,generalcommon(=usual and ordinary; happening or found often and in many places)普通的) 常见的，常常发生的； 到处可见的；usual(= done, found, used or existing most of the time)经常的，通常的，惯例的，习以为常的；强调时间 习惯方面；ordinary普通的，正常的；general 一般的，普通的，它与common比拟，语气稍强，含有很少例外的意思。如：T

6、his bird is common throughout Europe.This is the usual state of the house.It is an ordinary day.平凡的一天。Whats the general idea of this text?4 .alone 与 lonelyalone adv.单独；单独(by oneself; with no other people);仅仅；只有(=only);adj.单独的(=apart from others) lonely adj.孤独的；寂寞的(=sad because you are alone, with no

7、 friends);adj.偏远的；人迹罕至的(=far away from other pl aces) .如:When his wife died, he lived alone.She often felt lonely.I was alone, but I did not feel lonely.前两个词是副词，词形相近，容易记混。这两个词的意思差异很大。 abroad意为“在国外；而aboard的意思是“登（机），上（车、船等）“，与动词go搭配表示“登机”等;- board常用来表示“登机，上船”，是动词；broad为形容词，意为“宽广的”。如：I have decided to

8、study abroad next year.It is time to go aboard.We are asked to board half an hour before departure time.He has very broad shoulders.6.late,lately,later,latter,latestjast -late表示“晚的,迟的；lately与recently同义,意为近来;later是形容词或副词late的比拟级形式，说明时间的先后，意为“较晚的/地，今后”等;latter意为“（两者中）后者的“，与former前者的相对；Latest为形容词“最新的；l

9、ast为形容词“最后的”或动词“持续如：He came back very late last night.Have you been to the cinema lately?They arrived at the station later than us.Mona and Jennie are sisters. The former is a teacher, the latter is a dancer.Watching news programs keeps us informed of the latest news at home and abroad.He is the las

10、t person that I want to see.The violence lasted until dawn the next morning.7 .asleep,sleeping,sleepyasleep是形容词，可用作表语，亦可用作定语，但须后置，是“睡着”、“睡熟”的意思。sleeping是动词 sleep的现在分词，既可作定语，又可作表语。亦是动名词，用作定语。I sleepy是形容词，用作表语，是“瞌睡”、困乏的意思。如：He was asleep in the next room.Dont make any noises. He is sleeping.（现在分 3司）Th

11、e child was so sleepy; his head was nodding.8 .economic 与 economical这两个词都是形容词，都有“经济的的意惠，但含义有所不同。economic的含义与工商贸易等经济工作有关或者与经济学科有关，作经济（上）的“经济学的”解。economical 一般指在使用金钱、资源等方面不浪费，作*节约的，节俭的“解，可以指人，也可以指物。如:This has something to do with economic problems.His wife is very economical with money.9 .foolish,sill

12、y,stupid这三个词都有“愚笨”之意，但含义不同。foolish用于人时，着重指“无头脑，缺乏智慧或判断力”；用于行为时，指“愚蠢或考虑不周到的举动silly用于人时，一般指“头脑简单，不懂事用于言行，一般指“无聊肘stupid用于人或事时，着重指“生性迟钝或反响迟钝”，有时是中性词。-概括来说，foolish相当于汉语的“愚蠢”, silly相当于“傻”, stupid相当于“笨”。如：It would be a foolish thing to spend money on something you cant afford.How silly you are!I wish I had

13、 your brains. Pm too stupid.10 .valuable,valued,invaluable,valueless,precious前四个词音、形有相近似之处，用作形容词时，均可作定语或表语，但各自的词义不同，用法也不完全一样。valuable可以用作形容词或名词。用作形容词时，指意见、帮助、信息、发现等被公认为是 “有价值的”、“有用的”、“珍贵的”,绘画、珠宝等物件是“值钱的”、贵重的用作名词时，常用复 数形式，表示“贵重物品”，尤指个人的小件物品、珠宝等。valued那么是由过去分词转化而来的形容词，含有被动的意味，作“受到尊重/重视的”、“经估价的解。它还常常用来

14、指某事物对个人来说是“很有价值的”、“很受珍视的“。invaluable并非valuable的反义词。它的意思是extremely valuable,意为“极有价值的“、“无法估价的“、“非常珍贵的”,其后常接tosb./sth.valueless是valuable的反义词,作“不值钱的”、“无价值的无用的解。precious指“贵重的”，珍贵的指因稀罕或来之不易，或具有极大价值而非常值钱，有时也指一个人对某件物品特别喜爱。如:This is a valuable reference book.The friendship between the two peoples is long and

15、 highly valued.Your help was invaluable; we couldn!t have done the job without you.The necklace is completely valueless.That old toy bear is precious to John.11 .false 与 wrong这两同都有“错误的”之意，但用法有所不同。false意为“假的，错误的“，用于前一个意义时，表示所说的、想的等与实际情况相违，false含有冒 充、欺骗之嫌。wrong意为错误的，不正确的，或道义上不好的。同false的区别在于：wrong的意义较为

16、简明、直截 了当，但无冒充、欺骗的含义。如：He bore n false witness against his neighbor.He may be wrong in his opinions, but he is not false to his country in trying to impress them on others.12 .historic 与 historical这两个形容词都与“历史”有关，但含义不同。historic指“有历史意义的“，“历史上有名的”。historical那么表示“历史的”，“有关历史的“等意思。如:The conference is of hi

17、storic significance.They are engaged in historical research.13.able,capable,competent rable为常用词，指具有做某事所需的力量、技巧、知识与时间等，一般与效率无关，用作定语时表示能力超出平均水平。capable指满足一般要求的能力，可以是表现出来的，也可以是潜在的，搭配是be capable of+doing, 用作定语时，表示的能力没有able表示的能力强。I competent指“胜任的，“合格的”，或受过专业技术等训练的，但不是超群的能力。如：A cat is able to see in the d

18、ark.He is capable of running a mile in a minute.A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases.14 .accurate,correct,exact,precise-accurate准确的）精确的。correct正确的，指符合一定的标准或准那么，含有“无错误的”意味，它的反义词是incorrect, wrong.exact精确的，恰好的，比“大体上正确”更进一步，表“丝毫不差”，它的反义词是inexact.precise强调“精确”，精密如：Clocks in railway station

19、s should be accurate.This is a correct answer.That is the exact color I want.Can you check the precise meaning of the word?15 .actual,true,real,genuineactual意为“实际的”，现实的”，指所形容的事物在事实上已经发生或存在，而不是仅在理论上可能发生或存在的。true真实的，指与实际相符，而非虚假，它还可以表示“忠实的”，真正的_real真实的，实在的，表示实际存在的意义，如实情、实况、实例、实物等。genuine真的，非冒充的，货真价实的，强

20、调正宗而非冒牌。如：The predicted result and the actual result are very different.It was a true story.Thats not a real monster-its a man dressed up as one.This is a genuine diamond.16 .adequate,enough,sufficient-adequate足够的，指数量多，适合需要的数量。enough足够的，指数量多，足够满足某种目的或愿望。sufficient同enough,常可互换使用。但sufficient指数量多，足够满足某

21、种需要，在口语中常用enough,在书面语中常用sufficient,在不易肯定时多用enough, enough可放在被修饰名词后,且可作副词，sufficient那么不可这么用。如:The supply is not adequate to the demand.We have enough chairs for everyone.$ 25 should be sufficient for a new pair of shoes.He makes sufficient money, but he says he never has money enough.17 .childish 与 c

22、hildlikechildish幼稚的，不成熟的，傻气的，指成年人时，含有贬义。Lchildlike孩子般的，天真的，是个褒义词，多指具有儿童的可爱品性。如：Stop being childish!I like her childlike honesty.18 .considerable 与 considerateconsiderable意为“相当多的”，“可观的。而considerate那么意为“考虑周到的”，“体谅的”。如：He met a considerable amount of trouble.It was considerate of you not to trouble us.

23、19 .consistent,constant9continual,continuousconsistent意为“一致的，符合的constant意为“不断的”，表示持续和惯常的出现，往往没有变化。_continual意为“频频的，不停的“，时断时续，中间可有间歇。continuous意为“不断延伸的，连续不断的”，强调中间无间断。或口：His action is always consistent with his words.He attributes his health to his constant exercise.Continual smoking is bad for healt

24、h.Everything in the universe undergoes continuous development and change,20 .current 与 present均可表“现在”，“目前current强调在现阶段正在流行，通用，但不一定是最新的。present为常用词,指现在正在通用的，在时间上比current的范围更窄。如：This is a book about current English.Whats your present address?21 .effective 与 efficient均可表示“有效的”。effective常用以指物，强调能产生某种预期的

25、效果;efficient效率高的，有能力的，用以指人或物，着重有效地利用时间、精力并取得预期的效果。如:Is there any effective method?The German telephone system is highly efficient.22 .frank,honest,sincere都与“坦率”有关。-frank直率的，坦白的，着重表达自己的情感和想法时没有保存。honest老实的，正直的，指遵守正直等道德准那么。sincere诚挚的，诚恳的，强调发自内心的真心实意。如：To be frank with you, I do not know the answer mys

26、elf.We want your honest opinion, not empty compliments.Please accept this gift as a token of my sincere gratitude.23 .probable,possible Jikelyprobable很可能的，大概的，语气较possible强。possible强调客观上可能，但常带有“实际可能性很小的暗示。likely暗示从外表迹象来判断“有可能的”。probable与possible两词只能用it作主语）而likely既可在it与that从句中使用，也可以用sb.作主语与不定式连用。如：It

27、is probable that the cost will be greater than we think.It*s possible, though not probable, that he will accept these terms.It is likely that he will come. =He is likely to come.24 .respectable,respected,respectful,respectiverespectable可尊敬的）值得尊重的。respected表示受人尊敬的，可用于对年长的人，权威性的意见等。respectful指“充满敬意的”，

28、是主动性的尊重他人。respective表“各自分另|的“，修饰名词时，名词一般 用复数。如：His parents were poor but respectable.The students were very respectful towards the great man.They went back to their respective houses.25 . tree, vacant,empty- free空的，指清除了或缺少了某物，与of或from连用。vacant空闲的，指地方没有被占用。empty空的，指里面什么东西都没有。如：She is free from anxiet

29、y.She is free of him.One day, man can make full use of vacant space.The case is empty.注：empty, vacant和相同的名词连用时，含义不同。如an empty house指房子里既无家具也无人，空 荡荡的。a vacant house指房子没有被人占用，里面可有家具，也可无家具。26 .especially,particularly,specially均可表“特别地”。- especially一般表示某事物在意义、程度、重要性上超过其他事物，可译成“特别，尤其二particularly往往着重说明与同类

30、事物不同的个别事物。.specially多表示“专门地”，“为特别目的地”,如表“不寻常”，“过分”等,可与especially通用。如：I love Italy, especially in summer,The visitors admired his paintings, but particularly the portrait of his daughter.I made a chocolate cake specially for you.27 .almost 与 nearly一般说来,almost比nearly表示的意思更接近开始完成（目标）等。在all, every, always前, 两者都可用。但almost可同never, no, nobody, none, nothing等否认词连用，而nearly却不能，但 nearly可与not搭配，构成not nearly”绝不是;远非、远远不。如：He is almost(nearly)smoking every day.Almost no one believed her.Its not nearly as hot as last year.