高中英语高考英语名词常考必考知识点带答案第s5112期.docx

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1、高中英语高考英语名词常考必考知识点带答案单项选择题（精选试题一名师出品）1、Laziness is the of his failure.A. reasonB. causeC. excuseD. way答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：懒惰是他失败的原因。A. reason原因；B. cause原因；C. excuse借口； D. way方法。 reason说明某种行为或看法的理由，后接介词for； cause说明某种事实或现象的原因，后接介词。应选B。2、Procrastination can often pose to peoples ability their goals succe

2、ssfully, which is evident, forexample, in the fact that it is associated with receiving worse grades at school.A. a question . of pursuingB. an obstacle . to pursueC. a dilemma . to pursueD. a hindrance . to pursuing答案：B解析：考杳名词和非谓语。句意：拖延症往往会给人们成功追求目标的能力带来阻碍，这一点很明显，例如，拖延症与学校成绩较差有关。A.a questionof purs

3、uing问题：追求B.an obstacle. to pursue阻碍;追求C.a dilemma to pursue”困境；追求D.a hindrance to pursuing阻碍；追求”。固定搭配 ones ability to do sth“某 人的做某事的能力，故排除选项A和D。在根据句意，拖延症是会阻碍成功的。应选3、Well never forget the Zhong Nanshan has made to the fight against COVID-19.A. pressB. donationsC. contributionsD. efforts答案：C解析：考查名词词义

4、辨析。句意：我们永远不会忘记钟南山为抗击新冠肺炎疫情作出的贡献。A.press新闻界；B.donations捐赠；C.contributions贡献；D.efforts努力。根据常识可知，我们永远不会忘记钟南山为抗击新冠 考查名词词义辨析。句意：汉娜环游世界，做关于海豚保护的介绍，让更多的人参与到海洋生物的保护中来。A presence 存在;B. preservation 保护，维持；C. presentation 介绍;D. preparation 准备。根据后文“on dolphins protection”可知，指做关于海豚保护的介绍应用give the presentation on

5、,应选C。30、Angela and Ajani will pick up the marriage after they meet online several times, which is not sensible.A. acquisitions. identificationC. certificateD. qualification答案:C解析：考杳名词词义辨析。句意:Angela和Ajani在网上见过几次面后就去领取结婚证，这是不明智的。A.acquisition 习得;B. identification 识别；C. certificate 证明；D. qualification

6、资格。结合句意和句中which is not sensible”可推知，Angela和Ajani在网上见过几次面后就结婚领证，是不明智的行为。名词词组marriage certificate意为结婚证书，符合句意。应选C项。31、Some of his teammates complained that he showed a lack of to the team.A. commitmentB. appointmentC. engagementD. amusement答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的一些队友抱怨说，他缺乏对集体的奉献。A. commitment承诺、奉献；B.app

7、ointment约会；C. engagement订婚；D. amusement娱乐。此处指队友抱怨他没有为集体奉献服务， commitment符合句意。应选A。32、 Export sales were up by 57% last year, so the company is confident of its further.A. downfalls. expansionC. supervisionD. investigation答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年出U销售额增长了 57%,因此该公司对进一步扩张充满信心。A. downfall垮 台，衰败，下雨；B. expansi

8、on扩大，扩张；C. supervision监督；D. investigation调查。由语意可知，该公司10去年出口销售额增长了 57%,因此对进一步扩张信心满满。应选B项。33、A person can be judged by the books he reads and the he keeps.A. scheduleB. measureC. performanceD. company答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：可以通过一个人所看的书和他交的朋友判断他是什么样的人。A. schedule工作计 划，日程安排，时刻表：B. measure尺度，判断，度量单位；C. perfor

9、mance表演，表现，业绩，性能；D. company在一起的一群人。根据句子结构和句意可知，这里考查keep company与某人为伍，和某人交朋友的 意思。he keeps”是做先行词the company的定语从句，company在定语从句中做宾语，指代人，关系代词 that/whom可以省略。应选D项。34、Mr. Green is a good. He is kind to his workers.A. employB. employeeC. employerD. employment答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：格林先生是个好雇主。他对工人很好。A. employ雇用，既可

10、以用作动词也可以用 作名词;B. employee 雇员，职工;C. employer 老板;D. employment 雇用，职业。根据空后“He is kind to his workers.可知，空处需用名词employer,表示格林先生是好雇主，对工人好。应选C。35、The of this city are quite a few, like its theme park, the Huge Open-air Water-screen Film, the SundayParade of Citizens, and so on.A. collectionsB. attractionsC

11、. relationsD. occasions答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个城市的吸引人之处有很多，比方它的主题公园、大型露天水幕电影、周日市 民游行等等。A. collections 收集；B. attractions 吸引；C. relations 关系；D. occasions 场合。根据后文“of this11 city are quite a few, like its theme park, the Huge Open-air Water-screen Film, the Sunday Parade of Citizens, and so on”可知此处指这个城市的吸引

12、人之处，应用collections。应选B。36、A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the of the weeks events.A. antiqueB. durationC. highlightD. scenery答案:C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：为期一周的庆祝活动将以激动人心的番茄大战作为本周活动的亮点。A. antique古 董;B. duration 持续时间;C. highlight 最好的局部;D. scenery 风景。根据an exciting tomato battle”可知

13、， highlight”最好的局部”符合句意。应选C,37、More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great of goods.A. combinationB. mixtureC. extensionD. variety答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的人选择在超市购物，因为超市提供各种各样的商品。A. combination组 合；B. mixture混合物；C. extension延伸；D. variety品种。结合语境,a great variety of各种各样的,作量词,

14、固定搭配，符合题意。应选D项。38、The post card is sent by.A. a friend of my fatherB. a friend of my fathersC. my father friendD. my father friends答案：B解析：考查名词所有格辨析,句意：这张明信片是我父亲的一个朋友寄来的。根据句意分析，此处表达“我的父亲的 一个朋友”，应用双重所有格结构，a friend of my father为我父亲的一个朋友，符合题意。应选B项。39、Everyone in the room burst out because of Jims funny

15、story.A. laughterB. tearsC. cryingD. laughing12答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为吉姆的有趣的故事，房间里的每个人都笑了。A. laughter名词，笑声，常用短 语burst into laughter表示突然大笑；B. tears名词,眼泪;C. crying名词,哭泣,哭泣声;D. laughing名词, 笑。根据后文“because of Jims funny story”可知每个人都笑了，应用burst out laughing突然笑起来应选D。40、He, who had been granted （隹许）an of his c

16、ontract with the club for another two years, was over themoon.A. visionB. extensionC. assumptionD. consumption答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他被俱乐部准许将合同再延长两年，这真是太高兴了。A. vision视力、视野；B.extension延长；C. assumption假定;D. consumption消费、消耗量。根据句意可知,合同续约了，他非常高 兴，因此合同延长符合语境。应选B项。41、What he said and did during the earthquake

17、 made a deep on us.A. decisionB. situationC. impressionD. position答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在地震期间的言行给我们留下了深刻的印象。A. decision决定；B. situation情况;C. impression 印象；D. position 位置。根据上文“What he said and did during the earthquake made a deep”可知指 给某人留下深刻印象,短语为make a deep impression on sb.。应选人42、Knowing the great of

18、 education on peoples life,he set up a school in 2016 to help children in remoteareas to receive an education.A. sourceB. qualityC. advanceD. impact答案：D13解析：考杳名词辨析。句意：知道教育对人们生活的巨大影响，他在2016年创办了一所学校，帮助偏远地区的儿童 接受教育。A.source源头；B. quality质量；C. advance进步；D. impact影响。根据句意可知，他在偏远地区创 建了一所学校是因为他知道教育对人们生活有着巨大的

19、影响，impact on”对有影响。应选D。43、We had chemistry in the newly built lab.以上句子中 chemistry 的成分是：A.主语B.谓语C.宾语D.状语答案：C解析：考查句子成分。句意：我们在新建的实验室里上化学课。分析句子可知，chemistry在这里作谓语动词had的 宾语，意为“化学课。应选C。44、In less than one minute, a large city lay in.A. rescueB. regardsC. ruinsD. request答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:不到一分钟，一座大城市就变成了一片废墟

20、。A. rescue营救；B. regards问候；C. ruins废墟;D. request要求。根据a large city lay可知，在一分钟之内，城市应该变为废墟。应选C项。45、Most vegetables we buy in winter are planted in the.A. packageB. creditC. arrangementD. greenhouse答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们冬天买的大局部蔬菜都种在温室里。A. package包裹；B. credit信用，学分， 赞扬；C. arrangement安排；D. greenhouse温室。根据常识可

21、知，冬天买的蔬菜大局部是生长在温室里的。故 选Do1446、The event didnt live up to.A. expectedB. unexpectedC. expectationsD. expecting答案：C解析：考查名词的数。句意:这次活动辜负了人们的期望。live up to expectations到达预期,不负所望,用复数名词 expectations,应选 C。47、For those who refused to give the textbook a thorough review, such an examination would go far beyond

22、theirA. inspirations. restorationC. fascinationD. comprehension答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于那些拒绝彻底复习课本的人来说，这样的考试将远远超出他们的理解。A.inspiration 灵感；B. restoration 恢复；C. fascination 魅力；D. comprehension 理解。根据“For those who refused to give the textbook a thorough review/nJftl,考试超过了不彻底复习课本的人的理解。应选D。48、To make a team pe

23、rform better, the coach has to know their and weaknesses.A. powersB. forcesC. strengthsD. energies答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了让一个团队表现得更好，教练必须了解他们的长处和短处。A. powers能力；forces力量；C. strengths长处；D.energies能量。由名词weakness （弱点）可知,此处用名词strength。应选C项。49、To our great, over 5 million of people died of Covid-19.A. satisf

24、actions. sorrowC. delightD. joy答案：B15解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我们深感悲哀的是,超过500万人死于Covid-19。A. satisfaction满足,满意;B.sorrow 悲伤；C. delight 快乐;D. joy 喜悦。根据空后“over 5 million of people died of Covid-19”可知，因为 500 万人死于Covid-19,所以这是让人悲伤的。应选B。50、The branch of olive is the of peace.A. symbolB. signC. signalD. mark答案：A解析：

25、考查名词词义辨析。句意：橄榄枝是和平的象征。A. symbol象征：B. sign招牌，迹象；C. signal信号；D. mark符号，记号。结合常识可知，橄榄枝是和平的象征，symbol符合题意。应选A。51、She spoke very confidently because she wanted to make a great on her employer.A. impactB. pressureC. impressionD. description答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说话很自信，因为她想给雇主留下好印象。A. impact影响；B. pressure压力；C.

26、impression印象；D. description描述。根据She spoke very confidently ,可知她说话很自信,因为她想给雇主 留下好印象。应选C项。52、 Dieting and exercising can bring your weight under control but you must stick to your plan with.A. perseveranceB. interactionC. appreciationD. amusement答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：节食和锻炼可以控制你的体重，但你必须坚持不懈地坚持你的计划。A.perse

27、verance坚持不懈；B.interaction相互作用;C.appreciation感激：D.amusement可笑。根据句意可知，节 食和锻炼可以控制你的体重，但你必须坚持不懈地坚持你的计戈I。应选A选项。1653 I would appreciate if I could have the of giving a speech here.A. it； honourB. that： honourC. it： gloryD. that； glory答案：A解析：考查代词it和名词辨析。句意：如果我荣幸在这里作演讲我将不胜感激。I would appropriate it if“如果将 不胜

28、感激是固定句型，it是形式宾语，honour荣誉；面子；荣幸侧重于指高尚的行为，比方忠诚，老实而 受到赞誉,可表示“被引以为荣的人或物”。have the honour of doing sth.有幸做某事，glory 光荣”侧重于获 得的令人称颂的光荣或荣誉地位。根据句意，此处表示“引以为傲的事情应选A。54、Its time for all countries to work together to reduce air.A. recognitionB. reservationC. positionD. pollution答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析二句意：现在是所有国家共同努力减少空气

29、污染的时候了。A. recognition认识，识别；B.reservation预定，预约;C. position位置;D. pollution污染。根据空前句意可知，空处需用名词pollution,表 示所有国家共同努力减少空气污染。应选D。55、George bought a lottery ticket issued by a bank a few days ago . The opened yesterday and he won a prize of $500000.A. medalsB. awardsC. rewardsD. sum答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：George

30、几天前买了一张由银行发行的彩票。昨天开奖了，他赢得了 500000美元 的大奖。A.medals奖牌，奖章；B.awards奖金，奖品；C.rewards奖励，报酬；D.sum金额，款项。由句意及 其中的lottery ticket和prize可推知，此处要表达的是彩票开奖，强调的是“奖品、奖金的含义，B选项符合题意。应选B项。1718肺炎疫情作出的贡献，空格处意为贡献，应选C。4、Your suggestions are far from worthless and they make a good deal of to me.A. differences. senseC. influenc

31、eD. meaning答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:你的建议绝非亳无价值，对我来说很有意义。A. difference差异；B. sense意义；理解力；C. influence影响；D. meaning意思。短语make a good deal of sense to sb表示“对某人很有意义”。故选BoIt was a great for Alice to be invited to speak in front of many famous scientists.A. functionB. requestC. processD. honour答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：

32、爱丽丝被邀请在许多著名的科学家面前演讲深感荣幸。A. function功能；B.request 请求；C. process 过程；D. honour 荣幸。根据be invited to speak in front of many famous scientists”可知, 对爱丽丝而言，这是莫大的荣幸。应选D。6、In many the new version is not as good as the old one.A. packsB. aspectsC. stylesD. points答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在许多方面，新版本不如旧版本好。A. packs背包；B. a

33、spects方面；C. styles方式; D. points要点。根据后文“the new version is not as good as the old one”指在许多方面新版本不如旧版本好,应用aspect。应选Bo7、More recently, the internationalization of financial markets, the spread of information by electronic media and other aspects of globalization have intensified the to z/smair languages

34、.A. threatB. siteC. rangeD. extinction答案：A解析：考杳名词词义辨析。句意：最近，金融市场的国际化、电子媒体的信息传播以及全球化的其他方面都加剧了对小语言的威胁。A.threat威肋，；B. site地点；遗址；Grange范围；D.extinction灭绝。根据句意可知，金 融市场的国际化、电子媒体的信息传播以及全球化会促进语言的统一，因此会威胁到小语言，导致其消失。应选Ao8、The curious girl looked at the box and then she opened it out of.A. curious, curiousB. cu

35、riously, curiosityC. curiously, curiousD. curiosity, curiously答案：B解析：考查词副词和名词。句意：这个好奇的女孩好奇地看了看盒子，然后出于好奇把它翻开了。A.curious好奇的;curious 好奇的；B.curiously 好奇地，curiosity 好奇心；C. curiously 好奇地,curious 好奇的；D.curiosity 好奇心， curiously好奇地。分析句子结构可知，第一空应填写副词修饰动词looked；根据out of 可知，第二空应填写 名词,out of curiosity意为出于好奇应选B。9

36、、Many teenagers want to be like Zhong Nanshan when they grow up.A. writersB. engineersC. doctorsD. cleaners答案：C解析：考杳名词词义辨析。句意：许多青少年长大后想成为钟南山那样的医生。A. writers作家；B. engineers工程师;C. doctors医生;D. cleaners清洁工。根据like Zhong Nanshan”可知，此处表示想成为医生。应选C。10、The teacher often makes a(n)on how different the two boy

37、s are.A. commentB. decisionC. impressionD. effect 答案：A解析：考查名词。句意:老师经常评论这两个男孩有多么不同。A ment评论;B.decision决定；C.impression Bp 象；D.effect影响.根据后句on how different the two boys are （这两个男孩有多么不同）”可知为评论的具体 内容，固定短语make a comment on对做出评论。应选A。11、Last week his performance secured him the for Actor of the Year at the

38、 Hollywood Film Festival.A. rewardB. prizeC. awardD. bonus答案：C解析：考杳名词词义辨析。句意：上周，他的表演为他赢得了好莱坞电影节的年度最正确男演员奖。reward报酬；奖 励”;prize”奖金；award”奖；奖品；bonus”额外津贴；红利”,根据下文“for Actor of the Year at the Hollywood Film Festival”可知，此处说的是好莱坞电影节的年度最正确男演员奖”，应选C。12、Thanks to the of the experienced worker, we completed

39、the difficult task on time.A. potentials. bonusC. bugD. guidance答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在经验丰富的工人的指导下，我们按时完成了艰巨的任务。A.potential潜力；B.bonus奖金；C.bug故障；D.guidance指导。结合句意中，经验丰富的工人，可知guidance指导”，符合句意, 应选择D项。13、Try to keep a between work and relaxation.A. healthB. balanceC. fitD. balanced答案：B解析：考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：努力

40、在工作和休闲之间保持平衡。A.health健康；B.balance平衡；C.fit 健康的；D.balanced平衡的。a后跟名词作宾语，由between work and relaxation可知，句子说“努力在工作和 休闲之间保持平衡，因此空格处是平衡,即balance, keep a balance between.and.是固定短语，意为 “在和之间保持平衡”,应选B。14、Is money the of a happy life?A. basisesB. basicC. basisD. based答案：C解析：考查名词。句意：金钱是幸福生活的基础吗？ A. basises名词,bas

41、is的复数形式，意为“基础”;B. basic形容词, 意为“基本的;基础的”;C. basis名词，意为“基础”;D. based形容词,意为“在.居住（或工作）；基地（或 总部）在；为基础的the basis of.的基础，用名词的单数形式。应选C。15、 Finding time for both studies and extra-curricular activities is a big challenge, so I need to make a workable.A. the timeB. timesC. scheduleD. schedules答案：C解析：考查名词辨析。句意

42、：抽出时间来学习和参加课外活动是一个巨大的挑战。因此我需要做一个切实可行的时 间表。A. the time时间;B. times时代；C. schedule时间表;D. schedules时间表（复数）。根据句意可知,抽 出时间学习和做课外活动是一个挑战，所以要制定计划，而且根据单词a可知，应选可数名词单数，应选C。小提示：根据句意来选择合适的词，根据名词前面的冠词可知应填单数还是复数。16、The government has announced a new to help lower the greenhouse gas emissions.A. advisorB. budgetC. in

43、itiativeD. perspective答案：C解析: 考杳名词词义辨析。句意：政府宣布了一项新举措，以帮助减少温室气体的排放。A. advisor顾问；B. budget 预算；C. initiative 建议；新方案；D. perspective 态度。根据announced及to help lower the greenhouse gas emissions”可知，initiative”建议;新方案”符合句意。应选C。17、 It was discovered that children dislike watching their siblings fight. In fact,

44、they respond to by supportingone sibling and pushing the other.A. commentsB. reflectionsC. argumentsD. occasions答案：C解析：考杳名词词义辨析。句意：人们发现孩子们不喜欢看兄弟姐妹打架。事实上，他们对争吵的反响是支持兄弟 姐妹中的一个，并且排挤另一个。A. comments评论；B. reflections反思，反射；C. arguments争吵；D.occasions场合，机会。根据前文“fight和句意可知，此处指对“争吵”的反响。应选C项。18、Before getting o

45、n a coach, a train or plane, you must have the of your bag checked to make sure youarent carrying any dangerous things.A. detailsB. contentsC. ingredientsD. entrances答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在上长途汽车、火车或飞机之前，你必须检查一下包里的东西，以确保你没有携 带任何危险物品。A.details细节;B. contents内容,所容纳之物;C. ingredients原料；D. entrances入口。由 语意可知，

46、为r确保没有携带危险物品，你必须检查包里所装的东西。应选b项。19、The of penicillin is very helpful in fighting against bacteria.A. generations. statisticC. nutritionD. discovery答案：D 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：青霉素的发现对对抗细菌很有帮助。A. generation 一代；B. statistic统计；C.nutrition 营养；D. discovery 发现。根据后文of penicillin is very helpful in fighting against

47、bacteria指青霉素的发 现，应用discovery,应选D20、According to the result of a recent study published by Cambridge University, such as stubbornness and shyness, have a major impact on learning.A. featuresB. personalitiesC. memoriesD. appearances答案：B 解析: 考杳名词词义辨析。句意：根据剑桥大学最近发表的一项研究结果，性格，例如固执和害羞对学习有重大影 响。A. feature

48、特征：B. personality 性格，气质；C. memory 回忆;D. appearance 外表。空后 such as stubbornness and shyness表示例如固执和害羞”，都是在对人的性格进行举例，故空处需填名词personalities表示“性格。应选B项。21、Some students think they enjoy reading just out of interest, but others argue that a better score is their mainA. recognitionB. attractionC. occupationD. motivation答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些学生认为他们喜欢阅读只是出于兴趣，但其他人认为更好的成绩是他们的主 要动机。A. recognition