高中英语高考英语名词常考必考知识点总结带答案第p3257期.docx

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1、高中英语高考英语名词常考必考知识点总结带答案单项选择题(精选试题一名师出品)1、The Chinese volleyball team won the World Cup victory, which was beyond our wildest.A. inspirations. expectationsC. invitationsD. cooperation答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国排球队赢得了世界杯的胜利，这大大超出我们的预料。A. inspiration灵感：B. expectations期望；预料；C. invitations邀请；D. cooperation合作。根据

2、句意可知，中国排球队嬴得世界杯的 胜利，所以这出乎我们的意料，beyond ones expectation表示超出某人的预料，应选B。2、Since you have no child after ten years7 marriage, youd better a child from local government forA. adapt; companyB. adapt; friendC. adopt; friendD. adopt; company答案：D解析：考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意：既然你婚后十年没有孩子，你最好从当地政府收养一个孩子做伴。adaptv.适应；adopt v

3、.收养；company n.陪伴；friend n.朋友。根据you have no child after ten years7 marriage可知，第 一空是建议收养(adopt)一个孩子，第二空表示收养孩子的目的，“for company为固定搭配，表示“做伴。应选 D项。3、In a small wooded valley two towns, both set in beautiful.A. lies; surroundingB. lie; surroundingsC. lay; surroundingD. did lie; surroundings答案：B 解析:30、Going

4、 from junior middle school to senior middle school is really a big.A. challengeB. strategyC. experimentD. accommodation答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：从初中升入高中是一个很大的挑战。A.challenge挑战；B.strategy策略；C.experiment 实验；D.accommodation 住宿。由Going from junior middle school to senior middle school可知， 句子表示从初中升入高中是一个很大的挑战，空格处是

5、“挑战，是challenge,应选A。31、The police offered a $200 for any information leading to the arrest of the murderer.A. awardB. priceC. rewardD. prize答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：警方悬赏200美元悬赏，以获取可以抓捕凶手的任何信息。A. award奖品、授予; B. price价格：C. reward悬赏金、报酬：D. prize奖品、重要人物。分析语境可知，空格处用reward表示悬赏 金、报酬符合语境。应选C项。32、As can be seen, in

6、 the fierce competition, honesty is a vital of her success.A. evidences. criterionC. conceptD. element答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如我们所看到的，在激烈的竞争中，老实是她成功的关键因素。A. evidence证 据；B. criterion标准；C. concept概念；D. element元素。由句意可知，此处说的是“她成功的关键要素是诚 实。应选D项。33、 Procrastination can often pose to peoples ability their goal

7、s successfully, which is evident, forexample, in the fact that it is associated with receiving worse grades at school.A. a question . of pursuingB. an obstacle . to pursue10C. a dilemma . to pursueD. a hindrance . to pursuing答案：B解析：考杳名词和非谓语。句意：拖延症往往会给人们成功追求目标的能力带来阻碍，这一点很明显，例如，拖延 症与学校成绩较差有关。A.a quest

8、ion . of pursuing问题；追求B.an obstacle . to pursue阻碍；追求C.a dilemma to pursue困境；追求D.a hindrance to pursuing阻碍；追求”。固定搭配 ones ability to do sth“某 人的做某事的能力，故排除选项A和D。在根据句意，拖延症是会阻碍成功的。应选B。34、Although three teams adopted different to the problem, they all succeeded.A. methodsB. waysC. approachesD. means答案：C解析

9、：考查名词词义辨析。句意:虽然三个小组对这个问题采取了不同的方法，但他们都成功了。A. methods方法;ways方式，方法；C. approaches方法；D. means方法。浏览选项可知，四个选项都有方法的意思，但根 据句中“to the problem”可知，句中涉及固定短语“an approach t。sth及意为“的方法，此时to为介词,而 method和means”不和介词to连用，a way to do sth 意为“做某事的方法，但这个短语中“to为不定式符 号，不是介词。应选C项。35、Now, reduced energy supplies have led to mo

10、re in the technology of new energy vehicles.A. advancesB. traditionsC. behaviorsD. examples答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，能源供应的减少导致了新能源汽车技术的更多进步。A. advances进步；B.traditions传统;C. behaviors行为；D. examples例子。由语意可知,能源供应的减少导致了新能源汽车技术的 更多进步。应选A项。36、-I have a sore throat today!11Youd better take advantage of the tea

11、break to go to.A. chemistsB. the chemistC. the chemisfsD. the chemists,答案：C解析：考查所有格的省略及固定用法。句意：一一今天我喉咙好痛。一一你最好利用茶歇时间去一下药店。chemist 为“药剂师,药师“，在英语中，人们惯常用goto the chemists这一用法来表达“去药店”,这其实是一个省略 结构,完整的结构是go to the chemists shop （去药师的店铺），省略时注意仅去掉shop,保存定冠词the且 chemist用单数（固定用法），综上此题选C。37、All the indicate th

12、at he has been deeply involved in the crime.A. evidenceB. factC. factorD. cause答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:所有的证据都说明他和这起犯罪事件有很大的关系。A. evidence证据；B. fact事 实;C. factor 因素;D. cause 原因。由下文“indicate that he has been deeply involved in the crime.”可知，证据表 明他和这起犯罪事件有很大的关系，所以此处表示“证据，应用evidence,应选A。38、More recently, the

13、 internationalization of financial markets, the spread of information by electronic media and other aspects of globalization have intensified the to /zsmair languages.A. threatB. siteC. rangeD. extinction答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近，金融市场的国际化、电子媒体的信息传播以及全球化的其他方面都加剧了 对小”语言的威胁。A.threat威胁;B. site地点;遗址;C. range

14、范围；D.extinction灭绝。根据句意可知,金 融市场的国际化、电子媒体的信息传播以及全球化会促进语言的统一，因此会威胁到小语言，导致其消失。应选Ac1239、Working on this paper is my first step towards becoming a journalist, so this has been for me.A. a successB. succeedC. successD. is successful答案：A解析：考查名词。句意：写这篇论文是我成为记者的第一步，所以这对我来说是成功的。A:a success一件成功的事;B:succeed 成功;C

15、:success 成功;D:is successful 是成功的;结合句意,this 指代上句Working on this paper is my first step towards becoming a journalist,（写这篇论文是我成为记者的第一步）是指的具体一件成功的事，为 抽象名词具体化。应选A。40、（l）Having adopted a new method, they worked.（2） The teacher praised him for his working in organizing the conference.A. efficient;efficien

16、cyB. efficiently;efficiency;C. efficiently;efficientD. efficient;efficient答案：B解析：考查形容词，副词，名词。句意：采用了新方法后，他们工作得很有效率。老师表扬了他组织会议的工作效 率。A. efficient高效的（形容词）；efficiency效率（名词）；B. efficiently高效地（副词）；efficiency效率（名词）；C. efficiently高效地（副词）；efficient效率（名词）；D.efficient高效的（形容词），efficient高 效的（形容词）。笫一空需要副词修饰动词work

17、ed；第二空需填一个名词作介词for的宾语。应选B项。41、The boy gives the policeman a of what happened in the accident.A. descriptionB. describee. descriptiveD. descriptively答案：A解析：考查词义辨析。句意:那个男孩向警察描述了事故发生的经过。A.description描述,词性为名词;B.describe 描述，词性为动词；C.descriptive描写的；表达的；为形容词；D.descriptively表达地，为副词。结合题干设 空前的冠词，所以此处要用名词。应选A.1

18、342 We are very to meet you here again.A. pleasantB. pleasedC. pleasingD. pleasure答案：B解析：考查名词/形容词词义辨析。句意：我们很高兴在这里再次见到你。A. pleasant （物）令人愉快的、（人）友 好的;B. pleased （人）感到高兴或满意；C. pleasing （物）令人愉悦的;D. pleasure快乐。此处说明主语We 的状态，用修饰形容人的pleased符合句意。应选B项。43、Thanks to the of the experienced worker, we completed t

19、he difficult task on time.A. potentials. bonusC. bugD. guidance答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在经验丰富的工人的指导下，我们按时完成了艰巨的任务。A.potential潜力；B.bonus奖金；C.bug故障;D.guidance指导。结合句意中,经验丰富的工人，可知guidance指导”，符合句意, 应选择D项。44、The kids-only Internet service is a great which will help parents control their childrens access to theI

20、nternet.A. certificates. investigationC. innovationD. exception答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析 句意：儿童专用互联网服务是项伟大的创新，它将帮助父母控制他们的孩子接入互联 网。A. certificate 证书:B. investigation 调查;C. innovation 创新；D. exception 例外。根据上文“The kids-only Internet service is a great可知，指儿童专用互联网服务是一项伟大的创新，它将帮助父母控制他们的孩子接入 互联网,应用innovation。应选C。45、Th

21、ough college education leads to more and better employment opportunities, it is not the only for a14successful future.A. optionB. gorgeC. principle答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管大学教育带来了更多更好的就业机会，但它并不是一个成功的未来的唯一选 择。A. option选项，选择;B. gorge峡谷；C. principle原那么。根据句意可知,句中指大学教育并不是通向成功 的未来的唯一选择，由此可知，空格处应用“option，意为“选项

22、，选择，名词词性，符合句意。应选A项。46 According to the picture, you can go there.A. when you want to have a restwhen you want to buy somethingB. when you want something to drink答案：A解析：考查名词。句意：根据图片，你可以去那里。图片中文字意思：厕所、休息室。A.当你想休息时；B. 当你想买东西时；C.当你想喝点东西时。可知当你想休息时，你可以去那里。应选A。47、Friends can be divided into many. Some are

23、say-hello friends who I call acquaintances. Some are profit-related friends; some are true friends.A. portionsB. qualitiesC. varietiesD. ranges答案：C15解析：考杳名词词义辨析。句意：朋友可以分为很多种类。有些是打招呼的朋友，我称之为熟人。有些是与利益有 关的朋友；有些是真正的朋友。A. portions局部；B. qualities质量；C. varieties种类；D. ranges范围。根据 “Some are say-hello friends

24、 who I call acquaintances. Some are profit-related friends; some are true friends.”可知， 朋友会被分成很多种类。应选C。48、 It was discovered that children dislike watching their siblings fight. In fact, they respond to by supportingone sibling and pushing the other.A. commentsB. reflectionsC. argumentsD. occasions答案

25、：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们发现孩子们不喜欢看兄弟姐妹打架。事实上，他们对争吵的反响是支持兄弟 姐妹中的一个，并且排挤另一个。A. comments评论；B. reflections反思,反射；C. arguments争吵;D.occasions场合，机会。根据前文“fight”和句意可知，此处指对“争吵”的反响。应选（:项。49、According to the regulations, you can only borrow a of ten books from the library.A. minimumB. majorityC. messD. maximum答案：D解析：考

26、查名词词义辨析。句意:根据规定，你最多只能从图书馆借十本书。A. minimum最小值;B. majority大多 数;C. mess混乱；D. maximum最大值。根据后文of ten books from the library”指最多只能从图书馆借十本书, 应用a maximum of最多。应选D。50、Typically, a mountain range will be the boundary between the area of two poleis （城邦）or a of water,because Greece has the sea winding through it

27、 everywhere.A. stretchB. pickC. profileD. division答案：A16解析：考杳名词词义辨析。句意：比方，一座山脉,就能成为一种典型的城邦之间边界，由于希腊四处邻海，一段水域也 可以成为边界。A.stretch（土地;水域）一片;一段；B.pick挑选;选择;C.profile概述;简介;D.division分 开；分隔。此处指把一段水域作为分界线，应选A。51、The boss has in solving such a problem.A. many experiencesB. many experiencedC. much experienced

28、D. much experience答案：D解析：考查名词。句意：老板在解决这样的问题上有丰富的经验。空处为宾语，应用名词，名词experience意为“经 验时是不可数名词，意为“经历时是可数名词，根据句意可知，此处表示“有很多经验”，不可数名词用much 修饰,应选Do52、As senior three students, we had better follow the as much as possible from our teachers and parents;although they are a bit nagging （唠叨），indeed we are expected

29、 to make in all aspects.A. advice; progressB. advices; progressC. advices; progressesD. advice; progresses答案：A解析：考查名词。句意：作为高三的学生，我们尽可能多地听取老师和家长的建议；虽然他们有点唠叨，但我们确 实有望在各方面取得进步。advice （建议）和progress （进步）都是不可数名词，应选A。53、She has a good of the French language.A. nativeB. baseC. commandD. request答案：C解析：17 考查名

30、词词义辨析。句意：她精通法语。A. native本地人，当地人；B. base根基，基础；C. command命令， 掌握；D. request请求，需求。have a good command of为固定短语，意为精通应选C。54、During the speech, Professor Tang stressed that everyone should have the of voluntary andcontinuous learning.A. moodB. impressionC. conceptD. remark答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：唐教授在致辞中强调，每个人都应该

31、有自愿和持续学习的观念。A. mood情绪；B. impression 印象；C.concept 观念；D.remark 评论。根据下文“voluntary and continuous learning.”可知，此处是 指人人都要有自愿和持续学习的观念。应选C。55、During the pandemic, my mom expressed her about my health.A. complaintB. concernC. curiosityD. doubt答案：B解析：考杳名词词义辨析。句意:疫情期间，妈妈对我的健康表示担忧。A. complaint抱怨；B. concern担忧；C

32、.curiosity好奇;D. doubt怀疑。根据前半句During the pandemic可知,因为在疫情期间,所以空处需用名词concern,表示妈妈对我的健康担忧。应选B。18 考查倒装句，时态和名词。句意：在一个树木繁茂的小山谷里有两个城镇，都坐落在美丽的环境中。分析句 子可知，表示方位的介副词短语置于句首，句子使用全部倒装，根据句意用一般现在时，lie“位于，lay是lie 的过去式，故排除式D项,主语是two towns,是复数,故谓语动词用复数,surrounding周围的,是形容 词，surroundings环境是名词，形容词beautiful修饰名词surrounding

33、s作介词宾语，应选Bo4、Yuan Longping devoted his life to the research and development of high-yielding rice, making outstanding contributions to Chinas food.A. lackB. cuisineC. securityD. purchase答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析句意：袁隆平一生致力于高产水稻的研究和开发，为中国的粮食平安做出了杰出的贡献。A lack缺乏;B. cuisine风味；C. security平安;D. purchase采购。由语意可知，袁隆平一

34、生致力于研究高产、 平安的水稻。应选C项。5、The royal family has announced that the of the new baby is female.A. weightB. issueC. gender答案：C解析：考查名词。句意：皇室宣布新生儿的性别为女性。Aweight重量:B.issue问题；C.gender性别。根据空格后 “female”可知,空格处指性别。应选C。6、We have a lot of for the single mother, for she had to bring up the children on her own.A. conf

35、idenceB. ambitionC. courageD. sympathy答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们很同情这个单亲妈妈，因为她必须单独抚养孩子。A. confidence信心；B.ambition 抱负；C. courage 勇气；D.sympathy 同情。根据后文“for she had to bring up the children on her own2（因为她必须单独抚养孩子）”可知，此处表示我们同情她。应选D。7、Nowadays, food safety has become the of the government as well as the socie

36、ty.A. advantages. focusC. companyD. anger答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，食品平安以及成为政府和社会关注的焦点。A. advantage优点；B. focus焦 点；C. company公司，陪伴；D. anger愤怒。根据句意，政府和社会关注食品平安，应选B项。8、My brother is a policeman.划线成分是A.主语B.谓语C.宾语D.表语答案：D解析：考查句子成分。句意:我的哥哥是一名警察。句子中，mybrotheJ为主语,is为系动词，“a policeman在系 动词后作表语。应选D。9、The police ord

37、ered him not to leave the city without.A. atmosphereB. baconC. curiosityD. permission答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：警察命令他未经允许不得离开这座城市。A. atmosphere气氛；B. bacon熏肉；C. curiosity好奇心;D. permission许可。由The police ordered him可知，此处应该是“未经允许不得离开这座城 市，permission符合句意。应选D项。10、Anyway, whether they like it or not, they do give

38、people a very good.A. impressionB. impressC. impressiveD. impressed答案：A 解析：考杳名词。句意：不管怎样，不管他们喜欢与否，他们确实给人们一个很好的印象。A.impression印象；mpress留下深刻印象；C.impressive令人印象深刻的;D.impressed印象深刻的。“a very good”后跟名词的单 数形式，因此空格处是impression”,应选A。11、The only thing he listened to while up was Jazz music, for which he showed

39、 a particular.A. grew; preferences, was growing; interestC. grown; interestD. growing; preference答案：D解析：考查省略和名词词义辨析。句意：在他成长的过程中，他听的唯一的音乐就是爵士乐，因此他对爵士乐有特 殊的偏爱。while引导时间状语从句时，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，那么从句的主语和be动词都可 以省略，所以 while （he was） growing。preference （爱好,偏爱的事物）；interest （兴趣）。show a preference 现出偏爱）。根据The o

40、nly thing he listened to while up was Jazz music”可知，他对爵士乐有特殊的偏爱。应选D。12、As you know, the of any species is largely influenced by its connections with other species.A. evolutionB. conclusionC. appreciationD. association答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如你所知，任何物种的进化在很大程度上都受其与其他物种的联系的影响。A. evolution 进化；B. conclusion 结

41、论；C. appreciation 欣赏；D. association 联盟。根据句中的species（物种）”可知, “evolution进化”符合句意。应选A。13、 It took all day to transport the furniture to the new.A. debateB. survivalC. civilizationD. apartment答案：D 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：把家具运到新公寓花了一整天的时间。A. debate辩论；B. survival生存；C.civilization文明；D. apartment公寓。根据空前thefurniture

42、”可知,空处需用名词apartment,表示把家具搬 到公寓去。应选Do14、As an experienced cook, her main cooking is to use only fresh ingredients.A. innovations. philosophyC. trendD. sample答案：B解析：考杳名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个经验丰富的厨师，她的主要烹饪哲学是只使用新鲜的食材。A. innovation 创新;B. philosophy 哲学;C. trend 趋势;D. sample 样本。根据is to use only fresh ingredients”可

43、知,空处应使 用名词philosophy,表达“哲学、理念”之意，其他选项不符合题意。应选B项。15、His business was very successful, but it was at the of his family life.A. expenseB. possessionC. wisdomD. fashion答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的生意非常成功，但却以家庭生活为代价。A. expense花费；B. possession财富;C wisdom智慧;D. fashion时尚。短语at the possession of,意为“在牺牲（或损害）.的情况下，结合句意

44、 及句中but可知，此处指他的生意的成功以牺牲家庭为代价，应选A。16、Weve had a few, but were still good friends.A. disagreeB. disagreesC. disagreementD. disagreements答案：D解析：考查名词。句意：我们有过一些分歧，但我们仍然是好朋友。分析句子可知，设空处单词在句中作宾语，应 用名词，disagree意为不同意,动词词性，故A和B排除，disagreement意为分歧，为可数名词，句中 a few意为一些，几个，后接可数名词复数形式，故空格处应用disagreement的复数形式disagree

45、ments。应选D项。17、The plan was so shallow and impractical that no serious was ever made to realize it.A. achievementB. commentC. attemptD. credit答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个计划是如此浅薄和不切实际，以至于从来没有人认真尝试去实现它。A. achievement 成就；B. comment 评论；C. attempt 尝试；D. credit 信用。根据The plan was so shallow and impractical”可知，没有人进

46、行认真的尝试来实现这个计划。应选C。18、While the rise of STEAM learning is relatively new, there are already that prove the integration ofthese seemingly distinct disciplines is supporting students* performance at school.A. featuresB. illustrationsC. picturesD. figures答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然STEAM学习的兴起相对较新，但已经有数据说明，将这些看

47、似不同的学科整 合在一起，有助于学生在学校的表现。A. features特征;B. illustrations说明；C. pictures图画；D. figures数据。 根据that prove the integration of these seemingly distinct disciplines is supporting students* performance at school/ 可知，这些是通过数据说明的。应选D。19、Much to my, the city has developed rapidly over the years.A. amazeB. amazedC.

48、 amazementD. amazing答案：C解析：考查名词。句意：令我惊讶的是，这些年来这个城市开展的十分迅速。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语to one/s amazement,意为“令某人吃惊的是”，形容词性物主代词后接名词作宾语。应选C。小提示:20、Though there is a long between Tom and his family, they dont feel.A. distance; distanceB. distant; distantC. distance; distantD. distant; distance答案：C解析：考查名词和动词。句意：虽然汤姆和他的家人之间距离很远，但他们并不感到疏远。long是形容词，修饰名 词，因此第一空是名词distance,前面有a,因此空格处用单数，feel是感官动