2023年高考英语复习完形填空满分考点5 生活常识和文化背景 --练考点熟能生巧（教师版）.docx

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1、考点5生活常识和文化背景练考点熟能生15练高考-心中有数1. 2022新高考 I 卷】We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there 32,a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed （拖）us back. We were safe.32. A. patientlyB. tirelesslyC. doubtfullyD. helplessly32. D考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们无助地坐在那里时，一个渔夫停了下来，扔给我们一根绳子

2、并把 我们拖了回来。A. patiently耐心地；B. tirelessly不知疲倦地；C. doubtfully怀疑地;D. helplessly无助地。 根据上文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake w汕a dead motor.”可推知，此处指在天气恶劣的情况下船 无法启动了，作者与家人十分无助地坐着。应选D。2.【2022新高考 I 卷】The 29 picked up and thunder rolled.29. A. windB. noiseC. temperatureD. speed29. A考查名词词义辨析。句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆

3、。A. wind风;B.noise噪音;C.temperature温度； D. speed速度。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指大风刮了起来。应选A。3.【2022新高考全国 II Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this 25-year-old is doing it full-time. She and her husband have spent the last two years travel

4、ing the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore. It might sound like one long, expensive 22, but the couple has anunusual way to make their travel affordable.22. A. gameB. serviceC. vacationD. procedure22.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式 让他们的旅行负担得起。A. game游戏；B. service服务；C. va

5、cation假期；D.procedure手续。结合上文可 知Jessica在环球旅行，所以是假期。应选C。【提示】25岁进行为期2年的旅行，根据常识应该是度假。不然25岁的年轻人要工作。4.【2022新高考全国 II Theyre part of a new form of the sharing economy: an online group of house sitters.Throughout their no-cost stays in strangers5 homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowners2626. A

6、. favorB. defenseC. honorD. absence26.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、 给植物浇水。A. favor帮助；B. defense防御；C.honor荣誉；D. absence缺席。根据上文“they feed pets and water plants in the homeowners”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。应选D。【提示】根据常识，只有主人不在家时，才能给他们浇花、为宠物。应选absence。5.【2022全国甲卷】For many years, I enjoyed living w

7、ith my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their 41 was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay.41. A. ownershipB. membershipC. companionshipD. leadership41. C它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A. ownership所有权；B. membership会员；C panionship陪 伴；D. leadership 领导。根据上文中的“For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chanc

8、e.多年 货生意，故B项正确。9 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2014年他进入鱼市时，人们都很谨慎，他们认为在网上卖鱼是荒谬的。 A. significant重大的；B. worthy值得的；C. responsible负责的；D. ridiculous荒谬的。空前说人们都很谨慎, 这说明他们认为在网上卖鱼听起来很荒谬，故D项正确。10 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天凌晨1点，该公司收集来自全国各地的订单，然后把它们发给迪格雷 戈里奥，他带着平板电脑进入市场。A. sales销售;B. orders订单；C.alternatives替代品;D.statistics统计。 在网上卖东西自然是要根

9、据订单发货，故B项正确。11 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：该公司的算法分析数据来源，并可以告诉迪格雷戈里奥，例如，哪个摊位 可以买到最好的金枪鱼。A. analyze分析；B. supply供应；C.prioritize优先考虑；D. feed喂养。根据空后 的“data on their sources”可知此处指“分析数据来源”，故A项正确。12 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以如果迪格雷戈里奥做出了一个它没有预料到的选择，它会问，鱼是不 是没有了？是损坏了吗?所有这些信息都将反应给下一次。A. require要求；B. process处理；C predict预测； D. value重视。空前

10、说电脑是一个学习系统，所以如果做出了一个它没有预料到的选择，它会问一些问题, 故C项正确。13 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：迪雷戈里奥向我展示了他在挑选过程中所扮演的角色。A. calculation计算; B. decoding解码；C.correction改正；D.selection选择。上文说迪格雷戈里奥是负责正确挑出顾客订购的 鱼，因此此处指“挑选过程。故D项正确。14 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，触摸，鱼应该有好的黏液。A. smash撞击；B.touch触摸；C. wipe 擦；D. roll滚动。空后说鱼应该有“好”的黏液，因此此处指“用手摸鱼”，故B项正确。15 .考查形容词

11、短语辨析。句意：他但不担忧被电脑学习系统取代？ A. concerned about担忧；B. eager for 渴望；C. delighted with对 感到高兴；D. capable of能够。空后迪格雷戈里奥耸耸肩说“当他们创造一台 能做我能做的事情的电脑时，我就死定了”，因此此处指“是否担忧被电脑学习系统取代二 故A项正确。来，我喜欢和我的狗Tilly和Chance生活在一起，可知，狗狗陪伴着作者，让作者远离孤独。应选C。 【提示】养狗作伴远离孤独是常识。6.【2021 全国新高考 I 卷】My life as a tax-paying employed person began

12、in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory. My best friend Betsys father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, made little bunny （兔 子） cakes for all its 42 throughout Cleveland.42. A. stores B. familiesC. schoolsD. citizens【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友

13、Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这 家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. stores商店；B. families家庭；C. schools学校;D. citizens 市民。根据throughout Cleveland”结合生活常识，可知这里指的是这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小 兔子蛋糕。应选A。7.【2021 全国新高考 I 卷】Dad 53, The son of a grocer, heM spent the summers of his childhooddelivering food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This

14、 was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.53. A. criedB. smiledC. hesitatedD. refused【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲笑了。A. cried哭了； B.smiled微笑；C.hesitated犹豫；D. refused 拒绝。 根据The son of a grocer, hed spent the summers of his childhood

15、delivering food in Bernardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told meT结合生活常识，可知父亲看到我在第一次挣钱的经历中有所感悟和收获，联想到自己童 年时类似的经历，父亲会心的笑了。应选B。8.【2021 全国新高考 I 卷】This was the sort of work that made you 55 the dollars y

16、ou earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.55. A. withdraw B. donateC. receiveD. appreciate【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，这种工作能让你感激得到的报酬，并尊重那些从事这项工 作的人。A. withdraw 撤退；B. donate 捐赠；C. receive 收至U； D. appreciate 欣赏。根据the dollars you eamed, 结合生活常识，可知孩子们会感激并且非常珍惜自己劳动得到的报酬。应选D。9.12021 英语全国甲卷】Its

17、 the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.Burchill was 21 at the hotel on business and planning to visit some friends in the area.21. A. studying B. stayingC. lookingD. packing【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句

18、意：Burchill出差，当时正在酒店收拾行李，准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。 A. studying 研究；B. staying 停留；C. looking 看；D. packing 包装。根据Burchill was 21 at the hotel on business and planning to visit some friends in the area.”及生活常识可知,Burchill 出差住在酒店，准备去拜访 当地的一些朋友，自然是在酒店收拾行李。应选D。10.【2021英语全国甲卷】The seagulls immediately went wild . They rushe

19、d to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 33 at the same time, and pepperoni-everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down, It was a real mess.33. A. wake up B. get outC. take offD. break in【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：它们冲到窗口，30或40只鸟都想同时出去，到处都是意大利香肠。A. wake up 醒来；B. get out 出去；

20、C. take off 起飞；D. break in 闯入。根据They rushed to the window”及生 活常识可知，鸟看到人类很害怕，想同时从窗户逃出去。应选B。11.【2021英语全国甲卷】Older and wiser now, Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion （莽撞）.“I have matured and I admit responsibility of my actions/9 he said in the letter. I come to you, 37,to apologiz

21、e for the-damage I had indirectly caused and to ask you to reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel. 37. A. hands in pocketB. nose in the airC. hat in handD. feet on the ground【答案】C【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害抱歉并请求您重新考虑 我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。A. hands in pocket手放在口袋里；B. nose in the air目中无人；C. hat in

22、 hand 毕恭毕敬地；D. feet on the ground 脚踏实地。根据to apologize fbr the-damage I had indirectly caused and to ask you to reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel.”及生活常识可知，向别人抱歉，应该说明自己是毕恭毕 敬地。应选C。12. 2021 年 1 月浙江高考But on the last night we were caught in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming

23、 pool in my tent. The temperature was close to 31 I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only dry part of my tent.31. A. boiling B. average C. normal D. freezing【答案】D【解析】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：温度接近零度。A. boiling煮沸的的；B.average平均的；C. normal 正常的；D. freezing冰冻的。根据下文“trembling”得知温度很低。应选D。13.【2020海南卷】

24、Pulling up to the building, Grant saw flames （火焰）shooting out of a second-floor window. Not seeing or hearing any fire engines approaching Grant rushed to a side entrance and ran up the stairs.On the second floor, he 45 every apartment door. nGet out!” Grant shouted, No one responded and he assumed

25、that people had already escaped.45. A. lockedB. kicked C. counted D. repaired【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在二楼，他踢了每个公寓的门。A. locked锁；B.kicked踢；C. counted 计算；D. repaired修。根据上文可知，大楼着火了。格兰特冲上楼去救火，所以踢门符合题意，是为了看 里面是否有人。应选B。14.【2020山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国 I 卷）The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could

26、 seek shelter during the daytime. He turned to the 29 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.29. A. laborB. policeC. forestD. finance【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。A. labor劳动；B. police 警察；C. forest 森林；D. finance 财政，金融。根据前一句中的“The solution, of course, was to plant t

27、rees”可 知，Molai想要种树，所以他应该向森林”部门求助。应选C。15. 120207折江卷】Lamb and mother reunited , I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so unexpected because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. Obviously Don had somehow made the 42 move.42. A. lambB. vehicleC. seatD.

28、 fence【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：显然，Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。A. lamb小羊；B. vehicle车 辆；C. seat 座位；D. fence 栅栏。根据 I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. 可知我转过身去看拖拉机，却看见它突然离开了我。所以这里指的是Don开走了我的车。应选B。16.【2020全国羽f 课标 II It was just after sunrise on a June morning, Nicolo,“ whose real name

29、 cannot be _ 41 to the public because of Italys privacy laws, finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin.41. A. attached B. allocatedC. exposedD. submitted【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo完成了一整夜在Turin一家工厂的工作，他的真实名字因意大 利的隐私法不能暴露给公众。A. attached参加；B. allocated分配；C. exposed暴露；D.submitted上交。根 据下文的b

30、ecause of Italy*s privacy可知此处用be exposed to暴露符合语境，应选Co17.【2020全国新课标 III】Theyll have out half the 45 in the shop, and want the only style you dont have left in a particular colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them （售货员） to keep smiling.45. A. foodsB. cataloguesC.

31、 belongingsD. goods【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存 货。A. foods 食物;B. catalogues 目录；C. belongings 所有物；D. goods 商品。结合后文 in the shops 可知此 处指的是商店里的商品。其它选项不符合语境。应选D。18.12019全国 II Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal （the dog） to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with

32、 49, It （the dog） just started licking（舔）Ehlers face.49. A. surpriseB. joyC. hesitationD. anxiety【答案】B【解析】根据空格前面的Nervousness and fear were replaced紧张不安和恐惧被取代了，以及后面的It just started licking （舔）Ehlers，face这条狗添着Ehlers的脸，因此说明它感到了快乐。hesitation犹豫；anxiety焦 虑。19. 12018全国 II Two weeks earlier, my son . Ben ,h

33、ad got in touch , hed moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since Id last seen him . So imagine my 42 when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.42. A. delightB. reliefC. angerD. worry【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据上下文可知，13年没有见到自己的儿子，突然收到儿子的电子邮件，并 且说要来看自己。由此可以推知，

34、我很快乐、开心。A. delight高兴，愉快；B. relief （痛苦、忧虑等的）解 除，减轻；C.anger怒，忿怒；D.worry担忧。应选A。20.12019全国卷 HI】 Of course, we notice it when the sun is shining,” says Karin Ro, who works fbr the towns tourism office. We see the sky is 43. but down in the valley its darker - its like on a cloudy day.”A. emptyB. blueC. h

35、ighD. wide【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. empty空的；B. blue蓝色的；C high搞得；D. wide宽的。根据常识可 知，有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，应选B。43. 【2019全国卷 III The mirrors are controlled by a computer that directs them to turn along with the sun throughout the 50 and to close during windy weather.50. A. dayB. nightC. monthD. year【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨

36、析。A. day白天;B. night夜晚;C.month月;D. year年。根据文章可知，太阳 光出现在白天，应选A。练模拟-熟能生巧L微型完形填空.【2022届江苏省海安高级中学高三下学期5月阶段检测】15 years ago, when I was playing basketball in one of Australians premier basketball leagues, I remember a sports psychologist we had for the season. As young professional athletes with high egos

37、（自我彳介值感）,the team were not quite convinced the techniques of psychology would improve performance, especially when it didnt involve using the physical strength and endurance needed to 22 the weeks of training and games. I, on the other hand, was interested.22. A. compensate forB. prepare for C. toug

38、h outD. show up.考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为一群年轻又自视甚高的职业运发动，大家都不太相信心理技术可以提 高成绩，特别是当它不需要动用身体力量和耐力来挺过数周的训练和比赛时。A. compensate for补偿；B. prepare for为准备；C.tough out挺过去，生活艰难；D. show up露面。根据常识可知，日复一日的训练和打比赛需要强大的体力和耐力才能支撑下来，然而文中的心理学家让这些队员们使用心理学的方法来 应对。tough out意为“勇敢地承受，挺过去”，符合语境。应选C。22 【江苏南通如皋中学 2021-2022 学年高三 5 月模拟】He ha

39、s been working straight for days. Every day, hearrives at the work station at 7:30 in the morning and begins 23, sorting, checking addresses and loadinggoods onto his three-wheeled motorcycle. After that, he begins his shift of roughly 10 hours.23. A. disturbing B. complaining C. readingD. unloading

40、23.考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天早上7点半到工位，开始卸货、分类、核对地址，把货物装上三轮摩 托车。A. disturbing 打搅；B. complaining 抱怨；C. reading 阅读；D. unloading 卸载。根据下文“sorting, checking addresses and loading goods onto his three-wheeled motorcycle”及常识可知，快递员会先卸载货物，然后分类、 核对、进行派送。应选D。3.【江苏南通如皋中学 2021-2022 学年高三 5 月模拟】I deliver goods to around 80 hou

41、seholds each day during the coronavirus outbreak, about 20 percent less than average because a large portion of migrant workers are still 26 in their hometowns.”26. A. hiredB. monitoredC. observedD. stuck26.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在冠状病毒爆发期间，我每天给大约80户家庭送货，比平均水平低约20%, 因为大局部农民工仍被困在家乡。A. hired雇佣；B.monitored监控；C.obs

42、erved观察；D.stuck卡住。根 据上文“during the coronavirus outbreak”及常识可知，由于疫情，很多人可能被封控在了家乡。应选D。4.【江苏省海安市2021-2022学年高三年级上学期期中】Finkel invented a unique name for every piece in the palace set. Then she spent countless hours typing building instructions in Braille （盲文）that spelled out how to 24 them all together.2

43、4. A. fitB. fixC. mixD. gather【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后她花了无数个小时用盲文输入拼装说明，用来解释如何将它们拼 装在一起。A. fit适合；B. fix安装；C.mix混合；D. gather聚集。根据常识可知，有了盲文的拼装说明盲 人才知道如何将这些积木安装在一起。应选B。5. 2022届江苏省南通市新高考基地学校高三第四次大联考】Just then I heard the man at the machine next to mine complaining. He only had a few items but every time

44、he put his 29 twenty dollar bill into the machine it spit it back out. I quickly grabbed a newer twenty out of my wallet and gave it to him. He thanked me with a warm smile.29. A. frozen B. foldedC. brokenD. wrinkled29.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他只有几样东西，但每次他把那张皱巴巴的20美元钞票放进机器里， 机器就把钞票吐出来。A. frozen结冰的；B.folded折叠的；C

45、.broken破碎的；D. wrinkled有皱纹的。由第 12空后的“his old twenty”和常识可知，塞进自助结帐机的钱如果是皱的，它就会把钱吐出来。应选D。6.【2022届江苏省如东高级中学、姜堰中学、沐阳高级中学高三下学期4月份阶段性测试联考But my jaw dropped to the floor when I found Mrs. Hutfilz, my English teacher, wearing the same dress as I did. I kept my head down and tiptoed to my seat, but the first d

46、ay meant 46 in front of the class, and soon enough it was my turn. I made it through my minute speech, until Hutfilz stood up, jokingly adding she liked my style.46. A. introductions B. performances C. lecturesD. debates46.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一直低着头，蹑手蹑脚地走到座位上，但第一天意味着要在全班同学面 前做自我介绍，很快就轮到我了。A. introductions介

47、绍；B. performances表现；C. lectures演讲；D. debates 辩论。根据上文“but the first day meant”以及常识，上学第一天要做自我介绍。应选A。7.【江苏省徐州市第七中学2021-2022学年高三下学期4月学情调研】She started pumping Simmonss33 with her interlocked fingers and breathing into her friend*s mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life. And then, Simmo

48、ns began coughing and gasping for air. The CPR had worked!33. A. stomach B. chestC. backD. leg33.考查名词词义辨析。句意：她开始用交叉的手指按压西蒙斯的胸部，并向她朋友的嘴里呼吸，希望能 让她的肺里充满生命之吻。A. stomach胃；B. chest胸部;C.back后背;D. leg腿。由“pumping Simmonss with her interlocked fingers”及常识可知，CPR是用交叉的手指按压病人的胸部，即心脏所在的位置，应选Bo8. 2022 届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第二次模拟】I was the kid that tried never to complain. I was okay with enduring a six-hour drive in a（n） small car with my knees to my chest. I was okay with eating burnt or under cooked food. But this allergy finally let me feel 50 saying “no”. I finally felt free to refuse to goplaces or do things