2023版高考英语一轮总复习教材复习Unit4NaturalDisasters教师用书新人教版必修第一册.docx

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1、Unit 4 Natural Disasters必备知识自主检测/I .词块记单词1. the rescue workers 救援人员2. damage the buildings 损坏建筑物3. 2, 400 homes destroyed 2, 400 所房屋被毁4. no deaths, no injuries 没有人员伤亡5. shelters set up by the government 政府搭建的避难所6. useless pieces of metal 无用的金属块7. bury the dead 掩埋死者8. the tireless efforts of the city

2、，s people 全市人民的不懈努力9. the wisdom to stay positive 保持乐观的智慧10. provide the supplies 提供物资11. stay calm保持冷静12. crash into coastlines 袭击海岸线13. huge waves巨大的海浪14. strike a match 划火柴15. deliver food and supplies 运送食物和物资II .语境记单词1. He was shocked at the shocking news, for I could see his shocked look on his

3、 face, (shock)2. You must learn to breathe regularly. Otherwise, you will feel out of breath after such a long run. (breath)3. Mastering some basic skills will greatly increase your chances of survival. Last week, thanks to the swimming skills, he and his friend succeeded in surviving the terrible f

4、lood and they were the only two survivors, (survive)4. After he came to power, everyone said he was a powerful leader, but now he feels so powerless that he even cant save his daughter, (power)5. The road has a total length of two miles only, so the workers decide to lengthen it. (long)III.语境记短语1. H

5、er life has not come to an end (结束)， and she also doesn，t know what is waiting for her ahead.微五练全选词填空rescue; damage; in shock; on hand; sweep away; come to an end; as if; trap; in the open air; effort1. In order to ensure our kids get the sleep they need, both parents and schools should make an effo

6、rt.2. The meeting came to an end and he set down many key points.3. All their attempts to rescue the child from the burning building were in vain.4. Some people worried that the rapid development of tourism might cause damage to the local environment.5. Whether their wedding ceremony will be held in

7、 the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.6. The kids are very friendly with her and even look up to her as if she were their own mother.7. There are experts cm hand to give you all the help and advice you need.8. r m still in shock after hearing that bad news.9. In China, people believe fire ca

8、n sweep away bad luck, so, red means good luck.10. Firefighters had to break the door down to reach the people trapped inside.$考对接I .语境猜词义1. （2021 全国乙卷）For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacit

9、y, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.匕 提供2. （2020 新高考 I 卷）The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek shelter during the daytime. 庇护处3. （2020 天津卷 7 月）The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl.vt,使镇静4. （2017 U匕京卷）Two more ran to get the

10、school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device （器械）that can shock the heart back into work. vt. 使受电 击II. 一词多义1. （2021 全国 乙卷）Indeed, the researchers found that face- to- face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provid

11、es a certain level of noise while also providing freedom frominterruptions.AA. vt.影响 B. vt.（疾病）侵袭 C. vt.深深打动2. （2021 新高考 I 卷）The son of a grocer, hed spent the summers of his childhood delivering food in Bernardsville, New Jersey.CA. v.发表 B. v.传达 C. v.递送III.完成句子1. （2021 浙江卷6月写作）It seemed as if somet

12、hing unpleasant happened.好像发生了什么不愉快的事情。2. （2020 天津卷 7 月写作）It is true that we may suffer from failure from time to time. However, it is important that we never lose the enthusiasm to keep on trying.确实我们有时可能遭受失败。然而，重要的是我们永远不要失去继续努力的热情。3. （2015 江苏卷写作）Too many traffic jams have done damage to our daily

13、life, so every one of us should obey the rules on the way.太多的交通堵塞破坏了我们的日常生活，所以我们每个人在路上都应该遵守交通规那么O4. （2015 江苏卷写作）The traffic issue not only affects our everyday life, but may also threatens peoples lives.交通问题不仅影响着我们的日常生活，而且也可能威胁到人们的生命。课堂效果-巩固训练/I.单词拼写1. In spite of great efforts （努力）, we failed to ca

14、rry out our plans through.2. Too much drinking will do damage （损害） to your health; you should take the doctor，s advice.3. If you are lost in the mountains, stay calm （镇静的）in the face of darkness, loneliness and the unknown.4. In order to catch the bear, some villagers set a trap （陷阱）and covered it w

15、ith some leaves.5. A small plane crashed （碰撞）into a hillside five miles easl of the cily, killing all four people on board.6. The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely destroyed （摧毁）.7. After learning that the boys had been lost for almost 20 hours, the p

16、olice sent out a rescue (救援)team to look for them.8. The government appealed to the International Red Cross to help the people suffering from the floods (洪水).9. As far as T m concerned, following others，advice without thinking will affect (影响) our own decision.10. They asked the little boy to sweep

17、(清扫)the room clean.11. 单句语法填空1. The accident caused 3 deaths (die) and 20 got injured, which happened previous to his arrival there.2. It struck (strike) me that playing against the other team was a great moment for all the girls on the team.3. Though the soldiers have been working for fifteen hours

18、, they carry on looking for survivors (survive) in ruins.4. Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and gradually increases in the length (long) of the runs.5. The country is becoming richer and more powerful (power) than ever before.6. Whats more, it is another effective (effect) way t

19、o deal with the problem.7. I was having a discussion with my friend about how to improve my English when my mother called me.8. All the listeners were greatly shocked (shock) when they heard the terrible news on the radio.III.补全句子1 .我正在看布告栏上的照片，这时我听到身后有个声音。(be doing . when .)I was looking at the pho

20、tos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me.2 .虽然李萍不健谈，但与她相处很容易。(主语+ be + d力.+to do .)While Li Ping is not a talkative girl, she is easy to get along with.3 .地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜未眠。(ruin)The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake, which made us awake all night.4 .全球变暖正对世界各地数百种植物和动物产

21、生巨大影响。(effect)Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.5 .他埋头看报纸，没有注意到发生了什么事。(bury)Burying himself in the newspaper, he didn，t notice what was happening.2. Although it was Sunday yesterday, Lily got up early as usual （和往常样）.3. Always have your

22、dictionary on hand （在手头）when you study because it is very convenient for you to refer to it.4. We haven，t cleaned the house for a few days, because we don，t want to sweep away （彻底消除）good luck.5. It was reported that an American couple had dug out （挖出）a lot of gold coins from their own yard.6. The ci

23、ty lay in ruins （成为废墟）after the earthquake. Now, rows of houses are being built.7. Suddenly, a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. Seeing this, I was in shock （震惊）.IV.公式练句型1.这个小男孩太小了而不能举起这块沉重的石头。（too .to .）The little boy is too young to raise the heavy stone.2他好像已经知道了刚才所发生的一切。（as if）It se

24、emed as if he had known about what happened just now.3 .她正沿着河岸走，这时她听到一阵呼救声。（be doing . . when .）She was walking along the bank of the river when she heard a cry for help.4 .众所周知，山里的空气呼吸起来很舒服。（be + d”+to do）As we all know, the air is comfortable to breathe in the mountainous areas.5 .它们不仅使人们在晚上很难睡觉，而

25、且还损害着我们具有历史价值的房子和商店。 （make+it + d办 +to do）They not only make it difficult for people to sleep at night, but they are doing damage to our houses and shops of historical interest.关键能力重难探究/圜练透1. affect vt.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动一素养佳句With the development of the society, Internet voting has become more and more p

26、opular, gradually affecting people，s life in all respects.随着社会的开展，网络投票已经变得越来越流行，逐渐在各方面影响人们的生活。（l）be affected by被侵袭；被感动be affected with high fever 发高烧(2) effect 作用;影响；效果；结果have an effect/influence on 对产生影响(3)affection n. U喜爱；钟爱；慈祥have an affection for 喜欢； 喜爱团基础练透单句语法填空(2020 江苏卷)Best of all, humor rai

27、ses your energy, and that can have an effect on everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life.Affected (affect) with a serious disease, he was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery.(3)1 feel much affection (affect) for my mum, whose words and acti

28、ons have a positive effect on me.(2022 浙江卷 1 月)1 felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my life was affected, (affect)口能力迁移一一句式升级Many young people were deeply affected by his story and began to do volunteer work for the disabled.Deeply affected by his story, many young people began to

29、do volunteer work for the disabled.(过去分词短语作状语)2. ruin n. & vt.破坏；毁坏素养佳句Some bad factors are ruining the future of film industry, so great efforts should be made to attract more audience.一些不好的因素正在破坏着电影产业的未来，因此电影产业应该做出巨大努力来吸引更 多观众。(1) (lie/be) in ruins严重受损；破败不堪be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟(2)ruin oneself毁掉

30、自己；自取灭亡ruin one，s health/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途团基础练透单句语法填空With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely in ruins.Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look.团能力迁移一一句式升级He made a mistake, which ruined his

31、 chance of going abroad.(3)He made a mistake, ruining his chance of going abroad.(动词. ing 形式短语 作状语)顿卷)建ruin, damage, destroy 的用法区别：(l)ruin多用于借喻中，指毁坏价值、用途等。它还可作名词，常用于下面的短语中： in ruins “严重受损，破败不堪”；(2) damage表示不一定全部毁坏，且损坏局部能修复。damage作名词时，常用于do/cause damage to “对造成损害”;(3) destroy指彻底毁坏以致很难修复，其名词是destructi

32、on。3. bury vt.埋葬；安葬素养佳句Though buried in books these days, I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.虽然这些天我埋头读书，但我还是加入了几个学生俱乐部以提高自己。(l)be buried in/bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于be buried in thought 沉思(2) bury one，s face in one，s hands 双手掩面团基础练透单句语法填空Buried (bury) in his study, he

33、 wasn，t aware that all the others had left.Burying (bury) his face in his hands, he tried to control his weeping.She buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news. 团能力迁移一一句式升级He sat at a wooden table and was buried in reading.He sat at a wooden table, buri in reading.(过去分词短语作状语)H

34、e sat at a wooden table, burying himself in reading.(动词-ing 形式短语作 状语)4. suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦素养佳句Though having suffered a lot in Zhazi Cave, Jiang Zhujun would rather die than give in.虽然江竹筠(江姐)在渣滓洞集中营遭受了非人的折磨，但仍然宁死不屈。(1) suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏 suffer from遭受；患病(2)

35、 suffering n.痛苦；苦难；折磨；让人痛苦的事sufferer n.患难者；患病者口基础练透一一单句语法填空(2020 江苏卷)Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment.It is hard to imagine the pain and sufferings (suffer) these poor people went through during the winter months.团能力迁移一一句式升级John has s

36、uffered from lung cancer for many years. He has decided to give up smoking.Having suffered from lung cancer for many years, John has decided to give up smoking.(动词-ing形式短语作状语)领卷(3) suffer用作及物动词，表示“遭受;蒙受”,其后常接pain, loss, defeat, poverty, hunger, punishment, hardship, damage 等名词作宾语。(4) suffer用作不及物动词，其

37、后常接from,表示“受之苦；患某种疾病:5. supply也供应(量)；补给；pl.补给品.供应；供给素养佳句Moreover, the competition will supply you with a chance to develop your creativity and build friendship with other students who share the same interest with you.此外，这次竞争将会给你提供一个机会，帮助你开展创造力，与志同道合的其他学生建 立友谊。(1) supply sth. to sb. =supply sb. with

38、sth.向某人提供某物(2) be in short supply 短缺a large supply of/large supplies of 大量的供应团基础练透单句语法填空The natural resources, such as coal and oil, are in short supply in this country.(2)What happens when food and gasoline supplies (supply) run low?口能力迁移句多译我们学校网站每天为我们提供大量的信息。Our school website supplies much inform

39、ation to us every day. (supply to.)Our school website supplies us with much information every day. (supply with .)【联想发散】表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有：provide sb. with sth. =provide sth. for sb.offer sb. sth. =offer sth. to sb.6. survive vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过素养佳句To help them survive,. we need to preserve their habit

40、ats.为了帮助它们生存，我们需要保护它们的栖息地。(1) survive sth.幸免于；从中挺/活过来survive from从存活下来；流传下来(2) survivor n.幸存者survival n. U幸存；C残存物团基础练透单句语法填空After the plane crash, what the survivors (survive) could do was to wait for rescue on this desert island.(Dlf he couldnt find his way out of the forest, there would be little

41、chance of survival (survive).团能力迁移一一句式升级After we survived that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right.Having survived that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right.(动词-ing形式短语作状语)领卷)鹿survive表示“幸免于难”时、是及物动词，其后不需要加介词in或from。7. power n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力-素养

42、佳句Human societies have the power to solve the problems confronting them.人类社会有能力解决他们面临的问题。(l)be in power掌权，执政(表示状态)come to/into power 上台，执政(表示动作)in/within one，s power在某人的能力/权力范围之内out of/beyond one，s power 超出某人的能力do all/everything in one，s power 尽力而为；竭尽全力have the power to do sth.有能力做某事(2)powerful adj.

43、强有力的，强大的0基础练透单句语法填空Unfortunately, its beyond my power to get through the work in such a short time.After the new president came to/into power, he took a series of measures to improve people，s life.(3)(2020 新高考 I 卷)Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family 一 and that，s

44、pretty powerful (power).Though he has been in power for two years, he hasn，t found an effective solution to the countrys economic problems.团能力迁移一一词汇升级(2019 全国 I 卷写作)1 11 try my best to perform well in the volunteer job.I 11 do al1/everything in my power to perform well in the volunteer job.【联想发散】表示“

45、竭尽全力做某事”的常用表达还有：make every effort to do sth.spare no effort to do sth.8. strike vi. & vt. (struck, struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打；敲；(使)突然 想起刀.罢工；罢课；袭击素养佳句All the international students were deeply struck by my introduction.所有的国际学生都被我的介绍深深地迷住了。(l)be struck by .被打动/迷住了It strikes/occurs to/hits sb. that/. 某人

46、想至Ustrikeinto one，s heart 使刻骨铭心strike sb. in/on+the+身体部位打某人某部位(2)be/go on strike 在/进行罢工团基础练透写出以下句中strike的词性及含义She was practising surfing when a shark struck.匕 袭击The visitors were struck by the beauty of the country, e 打动； 给以E|1象(3)1 heard the clock striking eight when I woke up this morning. 匕 (钟)敲1

47、L struck me LhaL I would have an iniportanL meeting in Shanghai I he next day.匕(使)突然想起(5)The workers will go on strike if the demands they put forward are turned down.罢工团能力迁移团能力迁移句多译我忽然想到我告诉他们的 号码是错的。It struck me that the phone number I had told them was wrong, (strike)It occurred to me that the phone number I had told them was wrong, (occur)It hit me that the phone number I had told them was wrong, (hit)9. put up提供；提出；建造；举起；提高；张贴；留宿【素养佳句A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greene