2019年英语高考真题卷--北京卷（含答案解析）.docx

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1、2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷英语第一局部:知识运用(共两节,45分)第一节 语法填空(共10小题海小题1.5分洪15分)阅读以下短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空 白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AOn the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I (voice) my biggest concern to my mother, nHow will I make friends?1 She handed

2、 me advice. Be yourself. For the past 20 years, I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously 2 (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to 3(I) the two simple words Be yourself1.BEarth Day, 4 (mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise pub

3、lic awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated 5 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区). No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various 6 (activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree, make a meal with locally grown vege

4、tables, or save power the possibilities are endless.CDoes the name of the college you attend really matter? Research on the question7 (suggest) that, for moststudents, it doesnt. What students do at college seems to matter much more than8 they go. The studentsbenefitting most from college are those

5、9 are totally engaged(参与)in academic life, taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources(资源).Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and its never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and 10 (meaning) colle

6、ge experience. 第二节 完形填空(共20小题;每题L5分，共30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time.A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been 11 free rides to col

7、lege students for the past eight years. Since he first started 12 his car to the young people, Wilson has 13 an astonishing 64,000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous 14 with the students he transports to and from school. The students who hes 15 have gone on to become physicians

8、, teachers and engineers, but what theyve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students 16 call him “Grandpa.Tina Stern 17 rides from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to her than just free 18 .Its not just a

9、ride; youre not just sitting there in 19 silence or with your headphones on, nStern said. He asks you questions and actually 20 the answers, so the next time you ride with him, hell 21 those things/Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organisation, On

10、 Point for College. Although the 22 asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes 23 to ensure the welfare and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration, Wilson is there to 24 them. If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will

11、 drive to the nearest store and purchase1.1 n【命题意图】考查介词。【答案分析】1970年第一次庆祝该节日，现在地球日包括了 190多个国家和地区的活动。in表示”在（某月、 某年、某季节等）。6 .activities【命题意图】 考查名词的数。【答案分析】无论你喜欢做什么,总有一种方式可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据句意、句子结构以及句中的关键词various可知，空处用复数名词activities表泛指。C【文章大意】本文为议论文。文中指出大学生在大学里的表现比就读于哪所大学更重要。7 .suggests/suggested/has sugg

12、ested 【命题意图】 考查时态。【答案分析】 你就读的大学的名字真的很重要吗?关于这个问题的研究说明，对于大多数学生来说,答案是 否认的。根据句意以及上下文可知，空处可以用一般现在时表示客观情况，也可以用一般过去时表示过去的 研究发现，还可以用现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在的影响。8 .where【命题意图】考查名词性从句。【答案分析】学生在大学里做什么似乎比他们去哪里上大学更重要。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处用where引导宾语从句。9 .who/that【命题意图】考查定语从句。【答案分析】从大学受益最多的学生是那些完全投入到学术生活中，并充分利用大学的机会和资源的学生。 根据句意以

13、及句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句淇先行词为those冼行词指人，空处在从句中作主语,所以用 关系代词who或that引导定语从句。10 .meaningful【命题意图】考查词形转换。【答案分析】 在考虑上哪所大学之前,学生应该对大学有一个正确的态度，为一个健康和有意义的大学体 验做必要的准备永远不会太早。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处用形容词作定语修饰名词collegeexperience o第二节完形填空体裁:记叙文 题材:生活故事 主题:七旬老人坚持八年免费接送贫困学生上学【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文,故事的主人公一位76岁的老人八年来不管刮风下雨，不管路途远近，一直坚持免费接送街坊贫困家

14、庭的大学生到校上课和放学回家,孩子们视他为楷模。H.C文章开头说，威尔逊总在努力确保自己街坊那些低收入家庭的大学生能按时赶到自己的课堂,因此这里用offering表示主动提供，愿意给“。offer a free ride to sb.表示“让某人免费乘车”。12 .D 语境说威尔逊总让街坊的大学生免费乘车去上学，因此这里不是说他把自己的车捐献给那些学生，借 给学生，或者把车递送给学生，应选D项。volunteer sth.表示”自愿地或无偿地给予或提供某物”。13 .B 语境表示在过去的八年时间，威尔逊就这样开车行驶了 64 000英里的路程。cover表示”行走(一段路 程).D 语境说的是

15、威尔逊在开车接送这些学生的路途中与学生进行的愉快幽默的交谈(conversations),而不是 争论、采访、谈判，因此选D。14 .B这里说的是威尔逊开车接送的那些学生后来的情况。drive表示“开车送”。16 .A从语境的连贯看，此处表示这些大学生视威尔逊为楷模和朋友，甚至(even)亲切地叫他“爷爷”。17 .B这里讲述其中一名免费乘车的学生，因此用received表示得到“，而不是赚取、评价、要求乘车。18 .A 这里用free transportation指威尔逊免费送贫困大学生上下学的行为，因此A项“交通”符合语境。19 .B这里说的是，坐上威尔逊的车，这些学生不会陷入尴尬的沉默或

16、者戴上耳机不与他人交流，用awkward 来形容“沉默“，表示”令人尴尬的forced”被强迫的ridiculous”荒谬可笑的,suspicious”可疑的，都不符合语 境。20 .D 下文说J下次你跟他一起坐车的时候，他还会那些事情”，由此判断这里说的是威尔逊在询问街坊 的这些大学生一些问题的时候，还记得他们的回答，由此选D。21 .C前文提到学生坐他的车时他与学生之间的问和答，这里说下次乘车的时候,威尔逊还会核实那些事情， 用check on表示“核实，检查。act on”按照 行事”,settle on”选定”,agree on”就 达成一致意见”，都不符 合语境。22 .D 最初威尔

17、逊参与一个支援学生的慈善活动(a student-support programme),因此这里用programme表示 活动”。23 .C这里说威尔逊经常做得更多，因此用go beyond表示他不仅仅做分内之事。24 .A用assist表示“帮助“与前面的“有问题”呼应:当学生在报名注册方面遇到问题的时候，他就会去帮助他 们。25 .D 从语境的连贯看,这里用hesitates表示“犹豫”:乘车的学生坐车时间太长，饿了，他就会毫不犹豫地给学 生买来饭菜。26 .C语境表示有了威尔逊的这些帮助，这些贫困大学生才能读完大学,因此用necessary表示”必要的，必不 可少的”。27 .A 这里说

18、这些大学生乘客的情况:他们或者家里没车，或者自己的父母每周上班6天，离不开车，这种情况 下他们就要和父母共用(share)一辆车，因此选A。28 .B这里表示威尔逊开车接送这些学生，学生才得以完成自己的大学教育，用allowed表示“允许”。29 .A 这里讲的是威尔逊自己也从开车接送这些学生的经历中获益。30 .C威尔逊在这里说，能够成为这些大学生生活中的一局部，了解他们，这是一种荣幸,因此用privilege表示” 荣幸，幸运”。【高频词回顾】regardless of不管，不顾pave也铺设，为铺路/安排第二局部:阅读理解第一节A体裁:应用文题材:社会生活主题:GDA发布的志愿者招募公告

19、【文章大意】 这是一篇广告应用文。GDA发布公告招募志愿者管理人，文中介绍了该岗位的工作内 容和该组织暑期的活动工程等。31 .C【命题意图】考查细节理解。【答案分析】 根据题干中的volunteer managers可知,我们可在文章第二段找到相关信息，该段说该组织招 募25到75岁的志愿者管理人,并且他们对工程的平安高效实施而言很重要，故C项是志愿者管理人需要做 的事。【干扰项分析】 本文没有谈到A项”寻找当地的合作伙伴”，只说要帮助保护当地有价值的文化;B项”招募 年轻志愿者”,D项”培养文化意识”都不是volunteer managers的工作要求。32 .D【命题意图】考查细节理解。

20、【答案分析】此题问的是”在八月份开班的活动”，根据文章提到的为期四周和为期七周的活动安排表可知,只有最后一项为期四周的活动是在八月开班，地点是南非，因此选D。33 .D【命题意图】考查细节理解。【答案分析】 题干问的是GDA工程的共同目标，我们可在时间表下面的一段中找到解题信息。结合该段 中的where our help is needed. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities 可知,D项符合题意。B体裁:记叙文题材:人物故事主题:一种保护牙齿的糖【文章大意】 少女Alic

21、e Moore因为父亲提醒她吃甜食对牙齿不好，从而想到创造一种健康的糖。之后，通过努力，她成功地开办了自己的糖果公司，并将获得的局部利润用来做慈善。34 .B【命题意图】考查细节理解。【答案分析】根据题干我们把答案定位在第二段。根据该段内容可知,Moore听到爸爸的提醒之后就想:“为什么我不能制造出一种对牙齿有益的糖果以便我的父母不对它说不呢?”即她想找一个方法解决这个问题。 35.A【命题意图】考查细节理解。【答案分析】根据第三段的内容可知,Moore用两年时间在线研究、做试验、咨询牙医，终于成功地生产出一种只使用天然的增甜剂(only using natural sweeteners),且

22、能够减少口腔细菌的糖果，这与A项”它对牙齿健 康有益”吻合。【干扰项分析】文章中说CanCandy使用天然的增甜剂，故B项错误;C项文中未提及;文章提到她的研究、试验和咨询牙医的过程，由此可知D项错误。35 .B【命题意图】考查细节理解。【答案分析】根据题干中的expect from her business我们把答案定位在最后一段，该段谈到Moore想用自己独特的天赋帮助别人找到微笑(to help others find their smiles),因此选Bo 37.C【命题意图】考查推理判断。【答案分析】通读全文可知,Moore在父亲提醒她吃甜食对牙齿不好后，就积极地思考并行动，成功地制

23、造出了一种不伤牙的糖，由此可推知C项正确。C体裁:议论文题材:信息平安主题:解决通信平安问题【文章大意】随着科技的开展，诈骗手段越来越多样,自动语音 给人们带来了危害。38 .D【命题意图】考查推理判断。【答案分析】 根据第一段中的By the time these solutions(解决方案)become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means”可知，等到这些“解决方案”被广泛使用时，不法分子就会转向更聪明的手 段;由此可推知作者对自动语音 问题的解决方案感到很失望,D项意为”失望的二故D项正确。39 .

24、A【命题意图】 考查细节理解。【答案分析】根据第三段中的The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount thanprecision”可知，自动语音 让人头疼的原因是它能准确获取受害人的信息，故A项正确。40 .B【命题意图】 考查推理判断。【答案分析】根据第二段可知,新的声音处理和自动化技术可以给人们带来便利，第三段论述了这一技术 让不法分子有了可乘之机,据此可以判断，技术是把双刃剑，故B项正确。41.C【命题意图】 考查标题判断。【答案分析】通读全文，首段提出越来越多的人拒接未知号码的 的现象,接下来又阐

25、述了这类 给人们带来危害的原因，最后给出了解决方案，故C项最适合作本文标题。难句分析】The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up callsfrom numbers they dont know.(Para.l)分析:该句为主从复合句。句中they dont know为省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词numbers;全句 使用了结构，表示“如此以至于n,that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers为tha

26、t引导的结果状语从句。译文:自动语音 的问题已经变得如此严重，以至于许多人现在拒绝接听他们不知道号码的 。D体裁:说明文题材:自然与生物主题:微生物对海洋颜色的影响【文章大意】研究说明，一种名为phytoplankton的海洋微生物对海洋颜色的变化有很大的影响。42.B【命题意图】 考查段落大意。【答案分析】 通读第一段可知,该段主要说明在不久的将来，随着气候变暖,不同地区的海洋将变得更蓝，更 绿;通读第二段可知，气候变化将影响海洋浮游植物的生长,从而导致海洋外观的变化。故第一、二段主要介 绍了海洋颜色变化的原因。43 .A【命题意图】考查词义猜想o【答案分析】 根据第三段尾句Warming

27、changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth.but also nutrients可知，温度变化对phytoplankton有很大的影响;由此可推知phytoplankton对海洋的 温度很敏感，应选A。44 .D命题意图】考查细节理解。【答案分析】根据第四段第三句和第四句可知,phytoplankton数量越少，海洋的颜色越蓝;数量越多,海洋的颜色越绿，故D项正确。45 .C【命题意图】考查写作意图。【答案分析】通读全文可知，本文主要讲气候变暖影响phytoplankton这一海洋微生

28、物的生长，进而导致海洋颜色的变化，应选C项。【难句分析】Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it inother spots, leading to changes in the ocean9s appearance.(Para. 2)分析:该句为主从复合句。句中while reducing it in other spots为while引导的时间状语从句;现在分词短 语leading to作句子的结果状语。译文:气候变化将促进某些地区浮游植物的生长，同时也会阻碍其

29、他地区浮游植物的生长，从而导致海洋 外观的变化。第二节体裁:议论文 题材:社会生活 主题:团队合作的力量【文章大意】大多数人认为一支优秀的团队应当由最优秀的人组成，所以公司会花费巨资雇用商界精英,体育队伍也是如此。但是，研究说明，一支优秀的团队，不仅需要顶级人才，更需要普通人才，平衡才是关键。46.B根据上文可知，大多数人认为组建优秀团队的最好方式是将最有才能的个体聚集在一起;根据下文可 知，公司花费巨资雇用商界精英。据此可以判断,B项“运动队的老板花费数百万美元以吸引最优秀的人才”正 确。47 .E E 项中的recent studies”与下文中的results和“researchers”

30、对应。48 .G G项中的“This task interdependence”指代空前提到的研究人员的研究内容，且G项就是对前面提到的 this phenomenon的解释。49 .D 根据空前句There is No I in TEAM”和前文所举的体育明星的例子可知，空处所填内容与体育明星有 关，而 D 项中的this basic principle of sportsmanship指的就是There is No I in TEAM”,故 D 项正确。50 .F通读全文可知，空处为全文的总结句。由空后一句可知，一支优秀的团队需要一种平衡:既要有优秀的 选手,也要有一般的选手。故F项”组建

31、一个理想的团队比简单地雇用最优秀的人才要复杂”正确。第三局部:书面表达第一节【范文赏读】 Dear Jim,Im pleased that youre coming to tour in China.I suggest that you begin from Beijing, and Ill show you around. Tianjin will be your next stop. After that, you can go to Shanghai, where you can stay for a week. You can take high-speed trains to bot

32、h cities.Summer in these cities is hot and rainy, so take summer wear plus an umbrella with you.Looking forward to your arrival.Yours, Li Hua第二节【范文赏读】Last week I took part in a farmwork programme in the suburbs.At the class meeting,our teacher told us about the programme with the theme Working is mo

33、st beautiful*.And he stressed the importance of working with our own hands.When I got home,! packed up my luggage for the trip.On the farm,we helped pick watermelons.While working,! realised how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.When I came back home,! shared my experiences with my p

34、arents. And they were very proud of me.whats needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never 25 to buy them a meal.For many students, Wilsons help is not only appreciated, its also entirely 26 for them to be able to complete their college education. Some students

35、 dont have a reliable car, while others have to 27 vehicles with parents who work six days a week. For them, riding with Wilson has 28 them to complete their education but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the 29 just love driving, and I love these kids,HWilson said. Its such a(n) 3

36、0 to be a part of these kids lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know themand hearing their stories.11. A. linking12. A. donating13. A. paved14. A. arguments15. A. met16. A. even17. A. earned18. A. transportation19. A. forced20. A. selects21. A. act on22. A. club23. A. far24. A. assist25. A

37、. expects26. A. extra27. A. share28. A. required29. A. experience30. A. effort31. A. linking32. A. donating33. A. paved34. A. arguments35. A. met36. A. even37. A. earned38. A. transportation39. A. forced40. A. selects41. A. act on42. A. club43. A. far44. A. assist45. A. expects46. A. extra47. A. sha

38、re48. A. required49. A. experience50. A. effortB. sendingB. lendingB. coveredB. interviewsB. drivenB. everB. receivedB. styleB. awkwardB. recitesB. settle onB. leagueB. aroundB. watchB. attemptsB. unusualB. fuelB. allowedB. arrangementB. ambitionC. offeringC. deliveringC. measuredC. negotiationsC. a

39、ddressedC. onceC. assessedC. timeC. ridiculousC. guessesC. check onC. collegeC. beyondC. urgeC. managesC. necessaryC. repairC. remindedC. appreciationC. privilegeD. distributingD. volunteeringD. wanderedD. conversationsD. greetedD. alreadyD. demandedD. communicationD. suspiciousD. remembersD. agree

40、onD. programmeD. forwardsD. warnD. hesitatesD. adequateD.exchangeD. convincedD. employment第二局部:阅读理解（共两节,40分）第一节（共15小题;每题2分，共30分）阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D. convenienceD四个选项中，选出最正确选项。Want to explore new cultures, meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You can do all the three with Gl

41、obal Development Association(GDA). Whatever stage of life youre at, wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA, youll create positive changes in a poor and remote community(社区).We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24. Now we need volunteer m

42、anagers aged 25-75. They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes. We have such roles as project managers, mountain leaders, and communication officers.Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase a communitys access to safe drinking water, or hel

43、p to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, youll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet new people wholl become your

44、lifelong friends.This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes:ScheduleCou 4-week 7-week ntry programm programm es esAlge5 Jul. - 120 Jun. - 7 ria Aug. Aug.Egy 24 Jul. -19 Jun. - 6 pt 20 Aug. Aug.Ken 20 Jul. -18 Jun. - 5 ya 16 Aug. Aug.South 2 Aug. -15 Jun. - 2Afri 29 Aug. Aug.caGDA ensures

45、that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.There is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing bene

46、fits to the communities.Find out more about joining a GDA programme:Website: Email: What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers?A. To seek local partners.B. To take in young volunteers.C. To carry out programmes.D. To foster cultural awareness.31. The programme beginning in August will ope

47、rate in.A. Egypt B. Algeria C. Kenya D. South AfricaThe shared goal of GDAs projects is to.A. explore new culturesprotect the environmentB. gain corporate benefitshelp communities in needBAlice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur（仓ll业者），who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids teeth, instead of destroying them.It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats w