吉林省梅河口市第五中学2017_2018学年高一英语暑期考试试题奥赛班2018082401153.doc

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1、梅河口市第五中学高一暑期奥赛班英语试题本试卷分试题卷和答题卷两部分，试题卷共 8 页，答题卷共 2 页。请按要求把答案涂、写在答题卡规定的范围内， 超出答题框或答在试题卷上的答案无效。满分 120 分，考试时间 100 分钟。考试结束只收 答题卡。第卷（选择题；共 70 分）第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AI was reading these interesting stories behind a group

2、 of great logos in the world. Personally Nike is my favorite one its so simple. And I liked the stories behind them, which made me forget all other things. McDonalds, Apple, Mercedes Benz and Adidas own great logos as well, and they are among my favorites.NikeIn the Greek myth, Nike is the goddess o

3、f victory and the source of inspiration for soldiers. This logo represents the wing in th e famous statue of the Greek goddess. Nikes logo was designed by Carolyn Davidson in 1971 for $ 35, and was registered as a trademark in 1995.McDonaldsThe logo was designed in 1962 by Jim Schindler to resemble

4、the archshaped (拱形的) signs on the side of the companys then walk-up hamburger stand. Later on, the two golden arches were combined together to form the M. The McDonalds name was added to the logo in 1968.AppleThere are different stories behind Apples logo. The first logo was a reference to the relig

5、ious story of Adam and Eve, in which the apple represented the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge. One year later, the second logo was designed in 1977 by Steve Jobs and Ronald Wayne, and it described Sir Isaac Newton sitting under an apple tree. This logo didnt stay long. One year later it was replaced

6、 almost immediately by graphic designer Rob Janoffs “rainbow apple”, a rainbow-colored silhouette (轮廓) of an apple with a bite taken out of it. And then the rainbow-colored apple was replaced by the one-colored logo in 1998. It has not been changed so far.Mercedes BenzThe Mercedes Benz logo, which w

7、as originally created by Gottlieb Daimler in 1909, consists of a simple description of a three-pointed star that represents its rule of the land, the sea and the air. The company was founded by Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach. Mercedes is the name of Maybachs elder daughter, while Benz came as

8、a result of a combination with Benz, Cie and DMG in 1926.AdidasThe Adidas logo, which was created by the founder of the company Adi Dassler, represents mountains, pointing towards the challenges that are seen ahead and goals that can be achieved. The logo was used for the first time in 1967.1. What

9、does the author think of the stories of the great logos?A. They are attractive. B. They are practical.C. They are boring. D. They are out of date.2. What does Nikes logo stand for?A. The statue of the Greek goddess. B. The wing of the Greek goddess.C. The goddess of victory. D. The source of inspira

10、tion for soldiers.3. We can learn that Apples present logo is _.A. Newtons sitting under an apple tree B. the rainbow-colored bitten appleC. the religious story of Adam and Eve D. a bitten apple with only one color4. Which of the following time orders describes the births of the great logos?A. McDon

11、alds Apple Nike Mercedes Benz.B. Nike Mercedes Benz McDonalds Apple.C. Mercedes Benz McDonalds Nike Apple.D. Nike McDonalds Apple Mercedes Benz.【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C【解析】文章讲述了几种很受欢迎的品牌他们所代表的理念，在耐克，苹果，麦当劳，奔驰，阿迪达斯等这些知名品牌的设计中都有着深刻的理念融入其中。【1题详解】细节理解题。I was reading these interesting stories behind a gro

12、up of great logos in the world. Personally Nike is my favorite one its so simple. And I liked the stories behind them, which made me forget all other things.句子的意思是：在世界上每一个伟大的理念背后都有着有趣的故事，就我个人来说，耐克是我最喜欢的，我喜欢这些品牌背后的故事，他使我忘记所有其它的事情，从本句来看这些故事是很吸引人的。故答案应为A。【2题详解】细节理解题。This logo represents the wing in the

13、 famous statue of the Greek goddess.耐克这个品牌符号所代表的是希腊女神雕塑的翅膀。由此句可知答案为B。【3题详解】细节推理题。从第四段的句子:a rainbow- colored silhouette (轮廓) of an apple with a bite taken out of it. And then the rainbow- colored apple was replaced by the one- colored logo in 1998. It has not been changed so far.可知苹果符号的设计理念被改变了很多次，彩虹

14、颜色的苹果被一种颜色的咬过的苹果所替代，故答案应为D。【4题详解】综合排序题。Nikes logo was designed by Carolyn Davidson in 1971 for $ 35意思为：Nike的理念是在1971年由Carolyn Davidson设计出来；The logo was designed in 1962 by Jim Schindler麦当劳的理念设计于1962年；And then the rainbow-colored apple was replaced by the one-colored logo in 1998. It has not been cha

15、nged so far.苹果的理念是在1998年确定下来，直到现在没有改变；Benz came as a result of a combination with Benz, Cie and DMG in 1926.1926年设计出了奔驰的符合。所以答案应为C。BMuch of todays science of physics is based on Newtons discovery of the three laws of motion and his theory of gravity ( 地球引力). Newton said, “If I saw further than other

16、 men, it was because I stood on the shoulders of giants.” One was the great Italian scientist, Galileo. Another was the Polish scientist Nicholas Copernicus, who had begun a scientific revolution. It led to a completely new understanding of how the universe worked. Galileo continued and expanded the

17、 work of Copernicus. Newton built on the ideas of these two scientists and others. He found and proved the answers for which they searched.Issac Newton was born in Woolsthorpe, England, on December 25th, 1642. He was born early and no one expected him to survive. He lived until he was 84. His father

18、 died before he was born. His mother married again. He lived with his grandma on the family farm.As a boy, he liked to make things. He also decided to find a different way to measure the speed of the wind. On a windy day, he measured how far he could jump with the wind at his back. Then he measured

19、how far he could jump with the wind in his face. From the difference between the two jumps, he made his own measure of the strength of the wind. Strangely, Newton became a much better student after a boy kicked him in the stomach. The boy was one of the best of the students in the school. Newton dec

20、ided to get even with him by getting higher marks than the boy kicking him. Newton became the top student at the school very soon.5. As a boy, what was Newton like?A. He was too weak to survive.B. He was determined to study math.C. He liked to find out new ways to solve problems.D. He tended to stud

21、 y math on the family farm.6. We can know from the text that the theories of Newton, Galileo, and Copernicus focus on _.A. how the universe works B. the three laws of motionC. a scientific revolution D. the theory of gravity7. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. One of th

22、e historys greatest scientists.B. Issac Newton-Historys greatest scientist.C. One of the worlds greatest scientists, Issac Newton.D. Issac Newton and his laws.【答案】5. C 6. A 7. C【解析】牛顿的童年孤苦伶仃，在他尚未出生时父亲就已经亡故，幼年时母亲改嫁，只好跟随奶奶长大。他人格高尚，热爱科学，发现了牛顿三定律、万有引力定律，并在微积分学等方面取得成就，最终成为人类历史上最伟大的科学家之一。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段

23、第二句说他决定找到不同的方法来测来那个风速。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中One was the great Italian scientist, Galileo. Another was the Polish scientist Nicholas Copernicus, who had begun a scientific revolution. It led to a completely new understanding of how the universe worked.可知，牛顿，伽利略和哥白尼的理论关注宇宙是如何运作的。故选A。【7题详解】标题归纳题。全文讲述科学

24、家牛顿的童年故事和他发现牛顿三定律、万有引力定律以及他在微积分学等方面取得成就的过程。故选C。CRush hour traffic is a problem in many big cities around the world. Commuters (上下班者) rush to and from their jobs in cars, buses, subways, trains, and even on bicycles. Large cities in the United States have two rush hours one in the morning and one in

25、the evening. But in cities in other parts of the world, there are four rush hours. In Athens and Rome, for example, many workers go home for lunch and a nap. After this midday break, they rush back to their jobs and work for a few more hours.In Tokyo, theres a big rush hour underground. Most of the

26、people in Tokyo take the subways. The trains are very crowded. Subway employees called packers wear white gloves and help pack the commuters into the trains when the doors close. They make sure that all purses, briefcases, clothes, and hands are inside the trains.In Seoul, many commuters prefer to t

27、ake taxis to get to work. To hail a cab，many people stand at crossroads and raise two fingers. This means theyll pay the cab driver double the usual fare. Some people even raise three fingers! Theyll pay three times the normal rate.Streets in Rome are very crowded with automobiles and mopeds (摩托自行车)

28、 during rush hours. The city cant make its streets wider, and it cant build new highways, because it doesnt want to disturb the many historic sites in the city, such as the Forum and the Coliseum. It took the city fifteen years to construct a new subway system. Construction had to stop every time wo

29、rkers found old artifacts and discovered places of interest to archaeologists (考古学家).In many big cities, there are special lanes on highways for carpools. These are groups of three or more people who drive to and from work together. They share the costs of gas and parking and take turns driving into

30、 the city.8. Big cities have traffic problems during rush hours because there are_.A. special lanes on highways B. many commutersC. four rush hours D. many cars on the street9. Most of the commuters in Tokyo_.A. take subway trains to work B. are pack ersC. take taxis to work D. carry briefcases to w

31、ork10. To “hail a cab” in Paragraph 3 means to_.A. pay double the normal fare B. try to get a cabC. prefer to take taxis D. to stand at crossroads11. Commuters in carpools probably_.A. live in the city B. take the subway to workC. save money on gas and parking fee D. have special license plates (牌照)

32、【答案】8. B 9. A 10. B 11. C【解析】试题分析：【8题详解】细节题。第一段第二句Commuters(上下班者)rush to and from their jobs in cars, buses, subways, trains, and even on bicycles.上下班者急于去工作或回家，他们乘坐小汽车，公共汽车，地铁，火车，甚至是骑自行车。因此导致交通拥挤。故选B【9题详解】细节题。第二段第二句Most of the people in Tokyo take the subways.在东京大多数人们乘坐地铁。故选A【10题详解】推断题。第三段In Seoul,

33、many commuters prefer to take taxis to get to work. To hail a cab，many people stand at crossroads and raise two fingers.在首尔，许多上班族更喜欢乘坐出租车。可知，人们站在十字路口，举起两根手指是为了拦出租车,而并非是为了付双倍的钱。故选B【11题详解】细节题。第五段They share the costs of gas and parking and take turns driving into the city.他们分担汽油和停车的费用。故选C考点：说明文点评：本文不难，

34、文脉清晰，主要讲述了交通拥堵是全球性的问题，并举出了以东京、首尔、罗马等城市的交通状况和人们出行的方式。对于诸如此类的说明文，细节题绝对占多数，只需将题目带到文章中，寻找答案即可。同时为了节省时间可以先看题目，再根据题目来找答案。DHow do you get a man to do his share of the housework? If you are like most women, youve faced this question the hard way.A man will enjoy a clean, orderly house, but he usually wont m

35、ake the effort to clean or organise it. This doesnt mean that a woman has to do all the housework; she may have to manage many of the household duties, and request her partners participation. A woman can often say that men and women should take equal responsibility for housework.Very few men are rai

36、sed to be fully responsible for housework, and many men look on housework as womens work. On the other hand, most men will readily work around the yard, make repairs and complete projects on weekends or evenings, and its important that you give your man appreciation for those things, too. Most men w

37、ill take on a little additional housework around the house if asked politely. They are even more likely to do housework if they can choose what they want to do, and do it without being monitored.Heres the key: men want to feel that they are doing housework either because they want to do a task, or b

38、ecause they simply want to please their women. Men are much less likely to take on household tasks they consider uninteresting and unimportant. In other words, men are likely to do a household task just for the good of the house.12. The passage is mainly about how to _.A. get men to take on some hou

39、sework B. get men to serve their familiesC. praise mens housework D. make men do all the housework13. Accordin g to the passage, a man _.A. is willing to do houseworkB. likes to be told to do houseworkC. is taught to be responsible for housework from childhoodD. likes a clean house but doesnt make e

40、fforts to clean it14. In order to get men to do some housework, women should often_.A. order them to do their share B. ask them to do some housework politelyC. blame mens laziness D. monitor mens work15. According to the passage, the underlined sentence in the last paragraph means that men wo nt _.A

41、. work without any payment B. do unimportant household tasksC. do housework without womens praise D. please their wives【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. B【解析】本文讲了如何让男士参加家务劳动。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据How do you get a man to do his share of the housework? 这篇文章主要讲的是如何让男人做家务。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据A man will enjoy a clean, o

42、rderly house, but he usually wont make the effort to clean or organize it.可知，一个男人喜欢干净的房子但却没有努力去清理它。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据Most men will take on a little housework around the house if asked politely.可知，为了让男人做家务，女人应该经常让她们做家务。答案为B。【15题详解】词义猜测题。根据Men are less likely to take on household tasks they consider

43、uninteresting and unimportant.可知，根据这篇文章，最后一段的划线的句子意味着“男人不会做不重要的家务”。答案为 B。第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Different CulturesThe cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot. _16_The origin of the eastern cultures is mainly from

44、two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India. _17_When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian Plain-the Mesopotamian Civilization. Th

45、is civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. _18_ Like the Chinese culture, the European culture also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over, the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesnt distinguis

46、h from the European culture a lot._19_Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race difference count as well. But whats more, due to the far distance

47、 and the steep areas between the East and West, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no-interference (干扰) from the other.The differences are everywhere. _20_ But different cultures make the world of the 21st century more co

48、lorful. The cultural gap should not be the obstacle ( 障碍) to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the motivation of our going farther.A. Let us work together to keep a variety of culture.B. One important thing is to learn about other cultures.C. And these two are well-known as the base of the European culture.D. A