2021-2022学年下学期初中英语外研新版九年级同步经典题精练之定语从句.docx

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1、2021-2022学年下学期初中英语外研新版九年级同步经典题精练之定语从句一.选择题(共10小题)(2017泰安)Yesterday, Mr. Green went to his hometown and visited the old house hewas born in.()A. whichB. whereC. whatD. it(2017?可南)1 hate the dogs live in the next house. They make loud noises all night ( )A. whoB. thatC. whatD. whom(2016内江)I don*t know

2、 the man near the door is talking with ProfessorWang.()A. thatB. whenC. whereD. which(2016鄂州)-Who won the first prize in English speech contest?-The prize went to the girl speech was the most natural and fluent.()A. thatB. whoC. whoseD.不填(2016株眇N) The watch you gave me keeps perfect time.()A. whoB.

3、whatC. thatThe woman is the most important in my life is my mother.()A. whichB. whoC. whomD. what(2015广州)The stories were written by Mark Twain are often humorous.()A. thatB. thoseC. whoD. what(2015*安顺)I think the first lesson we are learning is very easy.()A. thatB. whereC. whoD. when(2014东莞市)When

4、Robinson Crusoe got to the island, the first thing he did was to lookfor some food.()A. whoB. thatC. whichD. whom(2014枣庄)He is unlikely to find the school he taught 50 years ago.()A. whereB. whenC. howD. why二.词汇应用（共8小题）考点卡片1 .关系代词【概念】关系代词：定语从句修饰复合句中的名词或代词，通常把这个被修饰词叫做先行词，把引导定语从句且 在从句中作主语、宾语或定语的引导词叫做关

5、系代词.【结构及分类】关系代词有主格，宾格和属格（所有格）之分，并有指人与指物之分. that的用法最广，that 可指人也可指物.见表：限定性 指人非限定性 指物限定性 指物主格who/thatwhichthat宾格whom/thatwhichthat属格whoseof which/whoseof which/whose【用法】关系代词Whowho表示”的（人）%在定语从句中作主语，不能省略，所引导的定语从句一般修饰指 人的名词或代词，在口语或非正式语言中，可作定语从句中的宾语，相当于whom,可省略.彳列：I know the lady is singing over there. She

6、 is our Chinese teacher.（）A. which B. who C. whomD. whose分析：我认识正在那边唱歌的女士，她是我们的汉语老师.解答：B.分析句子得知，句子的主干是I know the lady,后文is singing over there是一个定语从句, 来修饰先行词the lady,在定语从句中作主语，由于先行词the lady,表示人，故可以用关系 词that或who,结合选项，应选B.点评：解答此类试题时，要充分理解上下文的语境，结合所给词，进行解答.关系代词whomwhom表示”的(人)，在定语从句中作宾语，所引导的定语从句修饰指人的名词或代

7、词，常省略.例：Please tell me something about Yang Liwei.-He is a great astronaut of all the Chinese are proud.()A. thatB. whoseC. whoD. whom分析：-请告诉我有关杨利伟的有关事情？-他是一个伟大的全中国人都引以为豪的宇航员.解答：D.that意思是“那个“，引导定语从句的时候，在从句中作主语或宾语；whose意思是“谁的”， 引导定语从句的时候，在从句中作定语；who意思是“谁“，引导定语从句的时候，在从句中 作主语；whom意思是”谁二在定语从句中作宾语.根据空格前面

8、是介词。3因此可知在定 语从句中含有一个固定结构be proud of,这时候需要一个可以作of宾语的词，这时把of提 前，先行词是astronaut,是表示人的名词，所以还是要用whom来引导定语从句，综上所述, 应选D.点评：首先要掌握定语从句的用法，然后结合具体的题目，就可以确定正确答案.关系代词thatthat表示”的(事物): 所引导的定语从句修饰指事物或人的名词或代词，通常在定语 从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时，常可省略.彳列：I hate the dogs live in the next house. They make loud noises all night.()A. wh

9、oB. that C. what D. whom分析：我讨厌住在隔壁的狗，他们整晚发出噪音.解答:B.who意思是“谁”指人，在定语从句中作主语；that意思是“那个“，指人或指物，在定语从句 中作主语或宾语；what意思是“什么”，不能引导定语从句；whom意思是“谁“指人，在定语 从句中作宾语，根据先行词是the dogs,后面的定语从句缺少一个可以作主语的词，综上所 述，应选B.点评：首先要掌握这几个引导定语从句的词语的意思以及用法，然后结合具体的题目，就可 以确定正确答案.例：Ode to Joy (欢乐颂)is a TV play many people like.()A. why

10、B. that C. who分析：欢乐颂是一部许多人喜欢的电视剧.解答:B.who意思是“谁”引导定语从句的时候，在从句中作主语，先行词通常是人；that意思是那个 二引导定语从句的时候，在从句中作主语或宾语，所修饰的先行词通常是物；关系副词why 引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词reason,在定语从句中充当原因状语.根据a TV play”一部 电视剧，这是一个表示物的先行词，所以要用that来引导定语从句，综上所述，应选B. 点评：首先要掌握定语从句的用法，然后结合具体的题目，就可以确定正确答案.关系代词whichwhich表示”的（事物）”，所引导的定语从句修饰指事物的名词或代词,其中wh

11、ich通 常在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时，常可省略.例： My hometown is the place holds all my sweet memories.（）A. who B. whichC. what分析：家乡就是那个承载了我所有美好回忆的地方.解答：B.首先根据语境推测句意是“家乡就是那个承载了我所有美好回忆的地方. ，分析句子结构， 本句中的holds all my sweet memories”在复合句中作定语从句，由于先行词place为下文 定语从句的逻辑主语，且指物，所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that或者which,应选B. 点评：此题考查定语从句的关系代词.做此

12、题的关键是找准先行词，是人还是物，在从句中 做什么句子成分，然后根据语法选择正确的引导词.关系代词whosewhose表示”那个（那些）人的、它（它们）的”时，所引导的定语从句修饰指人或事物的名 词，其中whose在从句中作定语，修饰名词.例： -Who won the first prize in English speech contest?-The prize went to the girl speech was the most natural and fluent.（）A. that B. whoC. whose D.不填分析：-在英语演讲比赛中谁获得第一名？一等奖属于那个演讲最自

13、然最流利的女孩.解答：C.首先分析句子结构，本句中的speech was the most natural and fluent”在复合句中作定 语从句，由于先行词是thegirl指人，且在定语从句中作定语，所以用关系代词whose引导 定语从句，指谁的，表所属关系.应选c.点评：此题考查定语从句的关系代词.首先要掌握几个关系代词引导定语从句的用法，然后 结合具体的语句中的先行词，以及在定语从句作的成分，就可以做出正确选择.【易混淆点】(1) that和which都指事物时，一般可以通用.但在以下情况下多用that,不用which：先行词为 all, everything, nothing,

14、something, anything, much, little, few, none, the one 等时.例:Say all (that) you know. 把你知道的全部讲出来.Is there anything (that) I can do for you now? 现在我能为你做点儿什么吗？I mean the one that was bought yesterday.我指的是昨天买的那个.先行词为序数词或被序数词(含last)修饰时.如：This is the first film (that) I have seen since I came here.这是我到这里以来

15、看的第一部电 影.The last place (that) they visited was the Summer Palace. 他们最后参观的地方是颐和园.先行词被形容词的最高级或the very, the only等修饰时.如：This is the biggest叩pie (that) I have ever eaten.这是我吃到的苹果中最大的一个.She is the very thief (that) the police are looking for. 她就是警方正在寻找的那个小偷.Mary is the only friend (that) I have in Austr

16、alia.玛丽是我在澳大利亚唯一的朋友.先行词中既有人又有物时.如：We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我们访问过的老师 和学校给我们留下了深刻的印象.先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时.如：This is a dictionary that will help you a lot.这是一本对你很有帮助的字典.Dont cheat me. Im no longer the little boy that I was ten years ago. 别骗我了，我再也不是 十

17、年前的那个小男孩了.(2)在以下情况下用which,而不用that：关系代词前有介词时.如：This is the house in which I lived ten years ago. 这就是我十年前住过的房子.先行词本身是that时.如：What was that which he said? 3 他说了些什么？在以who, which开头的句子中多用that.【解题方法点拨】结合具体的语句中的先行词，以及在定语从句作的成分确定使用哪个关系代词.如果缺少 主语、宾语、表语、定语用关系代词，如果缺少状语那么用关系副词.先行词本身是that时，防止重复用which,而不用that.【中考命

18、题方向】中考英语试题常考查关系代词的用法，即关系代词who、whom、that、whose which的用 法及其它们之间的区别是考查的重点.2 .关系副词【概念】关系副词，兼有副词与连接词两种作用，主要用来引导定语从句，被修饰的词称作先行词, 关系副词要放在先行词之后.主要有三个，即when, where, why.【用法】(1) when的用法关系副词when在定语从句中用作状语，表示时间，用以修饰表示时间的先行词；在许多情 况下可以理解为“介词+which”的意思(which的意思与先行词所表示的意思等价)，其中的” 介词”通常应根据先行词的含与搭配来确定.如： 1988 was the

19、 year when he was born. 1988 是他的出生年.点拨：句中的when he was born为修饰the year的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于in which.表示在某一年,英语习惯上用介词in,如in 1988, in 2008等,所以此处用in which. Ill never forget the day when I first met you.我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天.点拨：句中的when I first met you为修饰the day的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于on which.表示在某一天，英语习惯上用介词on,如on tha

20、t day, on Friday等，所以此处用 on which.Dont forget the time when the wedding will start. 不要忘记婚礼开始的时间.点拨：句中的when the wedding will start为修饰the time的定语从句，关系副词when在此相 当于at which.表示在某一时亥!J,英语习惯上用介词at,如at that time, at the moment等， 所以此处用at which.(2) where的用法关系副词where在定语从句中也是用作状语，表示地点，用以修饰表示地点的先行词；在许 多情况下也可以理解为“

21、介词+which”的意思(which的意思与先行词所表示的意思等价)，其 中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含与搭配来确定.如：What is the name of the town where you live?你住的那个城市叫什么名字？点拨：句中的where you live为修饰the town的定语从句，关系副词where在此相当于in which.表示住在某城市，英语习惯上说live in a city,所以此处用in which.This cross marks the spot where she died.这个十字符号标明她死去的地点.点拨：句中的where she died为修

22、饰the spot的定语从句，关系副词where在此相当于at which.表示在某一地点，英语习惯上说at a spot,所以此处用at which.(3) why的用法关系副词why在定语从句中也是用作状语，表示原因；why引导定语从句时，其先行词只 有一个，那就是the reason；在许多情况下why也可以理解为for which.如：These are the reasons why we do it.这些就是我们这样做的理由.点拨:句中的why we do it为修饰the reason的定语从句,关系副词why在此相当于for which.Do you know the reas

23、on why she doesn,t like me?你知道她不喜欢我的原因吗？点拨：句中的why she doesnft like me为修饰the reason的定语从句，关系副词why在此相当 于 for which.【注意】why是一个比拟特殊的关系副词，它引导定语从句时，除可换成for which外，有 时也可换成that,甚至省略.如：他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒.正：The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.正： The main reason for which he lost his job was that

24、he drank.正：The main reason that he lost his job was that he drank.正：The main reason he lost his job was that he drank.【中考命题方向】中考英语试题常考查关系副词在单项选择中的运用，选项会给出四个不同的关系副词，需要 做题时仔细分析语境，确定是什么从句，找到先行词，明确关系副词在从句中作用，便可拿 到分数.3 .定语从句【概念】(1)定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非 限定性定语从句两种，初中只要求掌握限定性定语从句.(2)先

25、行词被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词.定语从句必须放在先行词之后.(3)关联词引导定语从句的词被称为关联词.关联词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系 副词.(4)关系代词和关系副词关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联 系起来.关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分.关系代词在定语从句中可以做 主语，宾语，定语等，关系副词在定语从句中作状语.常见的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that, as等.这些关系代词在定语从句 中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等.关系代词在定语从句中起到代替先行词、充当句子成分、 连接

26、先行词与定语从句的作用.常见的关系副词有where, when, why, that等.这些关系副词在定语从句中作状语.(5)限制性定语从句根据定语从句与先行词之间的紧密程度，可以将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定 语从句.限制性定语从句用来修饰和限定先行词，使该词的含义更具体，更明确.限制性定 语从句不能被省略，否那么句意就不完整.【关系代词和关系副词的功能】(1)关系代词的功能：关系代词在定语从句中可以做主语，宾语，定语等.作主语.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致.例 如：彳列： -I really want to relax myself. Co

27、uld we see City Danger tonight?-Sure! The actor a hero used to be a schoolteacher. I like him very much.()A. who play B. which playsC. who plays D. that play分析：- -我真的想放松一下自己，今晚我们可以去看危险城市吗？-当然，那个扮演英雄的人过去是一名老师，我非常喜欢他.解答：C.首先分析句子结构，本句中的a hero”在复合句中作定语从句，由于先行 词theactor为下文定语从句的逻辑主语，且指人，所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that

28、或 者who,另外定语从句的谓语动词由先行词决定，先行词the actor是单数名词，且从句表述 的是一般性的事实，所以用一般现在时，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，所以选C.点评：此题考查定语从句的关系代词.做此题的关键是找准先行词，是人还是物，在从句中 做什么句子成分，然后根据语法选择正确的引导词.作宾语.关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略.例如：He is the man (that) I met at the meeting last weekend.The book (which) my teacher gave me is callednGone With the Wind1.作

29、定语.关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语.例如：The boy whose father is a teacher studies very hard.Whats the name of the man whose brother is a director?(2)关系副词的功能：关系副词在定语从句中作状语.作状语.做地点状语用where,做时间状语用when.例如：This is the house where my father was born.Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.【用法】(1)关系代词的具体用法.

30、who指人，在定语从句中作主语.例如：The man who is mending the machine has been retired.The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可以用who代替，也可以省略,例如：Do you know the young man who/whom we met at the library?This is the policeman who/whom they were talking about yesterday.whose指人，在定语从句中作定语

31、.例如：I like the boy whose mother is an actor.I know the girl whose brother won the first prize.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语，做宾语时可以省略.例如：A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.The computer game which he is playing is his favorite.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，做宾语时可以省略.例如: Did you find the noteboo

32、k (that) Jim had given me for my birthday?Fve read the newspaper that carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?(2)关系副词的具体用法when指时间，在定语从句中作状语.例如：Fil never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.where指地点，在定语从

33、句中作状语.例如：This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.【易混淆点】(1)只能使用that,不用which的情况：先行词是 all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时.例如:All that he said is right.先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时.例如：This is the only one of these books

34、that is worth reading.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词.例如：He was the second (person) that told me the secret.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词.This is the best movie (that) I have seen this year.先行词既包括人又包括物时.例如：They always like to talk about the man and the things that they see on the road.(2)只能用which,不用that的情况：在非限制性定语从中.例如：T

35、he flight was put off, which was not good news.定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时,例如：The thing about which he has told us is of great importance.(3)关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与 定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介 词置于定语从句的后面，如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.=That was the

36、 room which we had lived in for ten years.【解题方法点拨】（1）分析先行词：先行词分为人，物，人和物，无先行词四种情况.人作为先行词，可供选择的关系词有：who （主宾表），whom （宾表），whose （定），that （主宾表）.物作为先行词，可供选择的关系词有：that （主宾表），which （主宾表），whose （定）， when （状），why （状）,where （状）.人和物共同做先行词时，关系词只能用that.无先行词，即指代一个句子时，关系词可用的有as, which.（2）分析从句成分分析从句成分是解决定语从句试题的最为重要的

37、一个步骤.分析从句成分时以动词为中心， 动作发出者为主语，动词承受者为宾语，连系动词之后为表语.句子是否有主语，直接看动 词之前有没有动作的发出者，动词有没有宾语，一方面要考虑动词是及物动词还是不及物动 词，不及物动词不需要宾语，及物动词必须跟宾语.分析成分之后，我们遵循“缺啥补啥” 的原那么.（3）考虑特殊情况.只用that的情况：先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing,先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰，先行词有only, very, any等词修饰.1 .只用which而不用that的情况：引导非限制性定语从句，代表整个主句的意思，介词+关系代词.【中考命题方向】定语

38、从句是初中英语中一个比拟重要的语法工程，同时它也是各地中考英语的一个常考考 点.综观近年来各地的中考英语试题，定语从句的主要考点集中在两个方面：一是考查指物 的关系代词的用法，二是考查指人的关系代词的用法.另外，它有时也会涉及一些其他的方 面，但相对考得比拟少.11 .根据语境判断以下句子中定语从句的引导词是（Yes）否（No）可以省略.The woman who lives next door is a doctor. 12 .根据语境判断以下句子中定语从句的引导词是（Yes）否（No）可以省略.Have you found the keys that you lost? 13 .根据语境判

39、断以下句子中定语从句的引导词是（Yes）否（No）可以省略.I cant help thinking of the boy who helped me a lot last term. 14 .根据语境判断以下句子中定语从句的引导词是（Yes）否（No）可以省略.The people whom we met at the party were very kind. 15 .根据语境判断以下句子中定语从句的引导词是（Yes）否（No）可以省略.What have you done with the money which I gave you? 16 .根据语境判断以下句子中定语从句的引导词是（

40、Yes）否（No）可以省略.It is an awful film. It is the worst film that Ive ever seen. 17 .根据语境判断以下句子中定语从句的引导词是（Yes）否（No）可以省略.What happened to the money that was on the table? Did you take it? 18 .根据语境判断以下句子中定语从句的引导词是（Yes）否（No）可以省略.It is an awful experience. It is the worst thing which has ever happened to me.

41、2021-2022学年下学期初中英语外研新版九年级同步经典题精练之定语从句参考答案与试题解析一.选择题（共10小题）1. （2017泰安）Yesterday, Mr. Green went to his hometown and visited the old house hewas born in.（）A. whichB. whereC. whatD. it【考点】关系代词.【分析】昨天，格林先生去了他的家乡，并参观了他出生的那个老房子.【解答】答案：A分析句子可知空格处引导定语从句作the old house的定语，which和where可以引导定语 从句，what和it不可以，排除C和D

42、.从句中缺in的宾语，所以要用which来引导， where在从句中作状语，与此句不符合，所以选A.【点评】此题首先要分析句子，判断出句子的属性为定语从句，再结合定语从句的知识来 分析句子，选择正确的答案.2. （2017辛可南）1 hate the dogs live in the next house. They make loud noises all night （ ）A. whoB. thatC. whatD. whom【考点】关系代词.【分析】我讨厌住在隔壁的狗，他们整晚发出噪音.【解答】答案：B.who意思是“谁”指人，在定语从句中作主语；that意思是“那个“指人或指物，在定语

43、从句 中作主语或宾语；what意思是“什么”不能引导定语从句；whom意思是“谁“指人，在定语 从句中作宾语，根据先行词是the dogs,后面的定语从句缺少一个可以作主语的词，综上 所述，应选B.【点评】首先要掌握这几个引导定语从句的词语的意思以及用法，然后结合具体的题目， 就可以确定正确答案.3. （2016内江）I dont know the man near the door is talking with ProfessorWang.()A. thatB. whenC. whereD. which【考点】关系代词.【分析】我不认识那个在门边跟王教授谈话的人.【解答】答案：A；首先根据

44、语境推测句意是“我不认识那个在门边跟王教授谈话的人.分析句子结构， 本句中的is talking with Professor Wang”在复合句中作定语从句，由于先行词the man (near the door作定语)为下文定语从句的逻辑主语，且指人，所以引导定语从句的 关系代词用that/who,应选A.【点评】此题考查定语从句的关系代词.做此题的关键是找准先行词，是人还是物，在 从句中做什么句子成分，然后根据语法选择正确的引导词.4. (2016鄂州)-Who won the first prize in English speech contest?-The prize went t

45、o the girl speech was the most natural and fluent.()A. thatB. whoC. whoseD.不填【考点】关系代词.【分析】-在英语演讲比赛中谁获得第一名？-一等奖属于那个演讲最自然最流利的女孩.【解答】答案C.首先分析句子结构，本句中的speech was the most natural and fluent”在复合句中作 定语从句，由于先行词是the girl指人，且在定语从句中作定语，所以用关系代词whose 引导定语从句，指谁的，表所属关系.应选C.【点评】此题考查定语从句的关系代词.首先要掌握几个关系代词引导定语从句的用法,

46、然后结合具体的语句中的先行词，以及在定语从句作的成分，就可以做出正确选择.5. (2016*株洲)The watch you gave me keeps perfect time.()A. whoB. whatC. that【考点】关系代词.【分析】你给我的那块表跑得准确无误.【解答】答案：C；首先分析句子结构，本句中的”you gave me”在复合句中作定语从句，由于先行词the watch为下文定语从句的逻辑宾语，且指物，所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that或者which,应选C.【点评】首先要弄明白这些关系代词的意思以及引导定语从句的用法，然后结合具体的 语句包含的时态，以及需要的引导

47、词，就可以确定正确答案.6. The woman is the most important in my life is my mother.()A. whichB. whoC. whomD. what【考点】定语从句.【分析】在我生命中那个最重要的女人是我的妈妈.【解答】答案B which哪一个，指物；who谁，指人，作主语；whom谁，指人，作宾语; what不能引导定语从句.根据woman () is the most important in my life”先行词是woman,女人，指人的名词，另外空格处需要的词要在定语从句中作主语，所以后面要 用who来引导定语从句.应选：Bo【点评】首先要确定先行词是指人还是指物，还要明白引导词指人还是指物，另外根据 空格处需要的成分去选择关系代词.7. (2015广州)The stories were written by Mark Twain are often humorous.()A. thatB. thoseC. whoD. what【考点】定语从句.【分析】马克吐温写的故事通常很幽默.【解答】定语从句中先行词为物，关系代词用that或which