Unit 3 Developing ideas核心考点回顾外研版（2019）高中英语必修第三册.doc

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1、Unit 3-Section C Developing ideas核心考点回顾【account】account v. 记述; 描述*She gave an accurate account of the case. 她对这次事件做了准确的描述。*The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class. 这位教授警告学生们, 在他的课堂上, 决不应该使用手机。*He has been asked to account for his conduct. 他被要求解

2、释他的行为。*We should take the interests of the whole into account. 我们要顾全大局。【名师点津】为加强语气而把短语on no account(决不, 绝对不)放在句首时, 句子要倒装。【导图理词】 【attach】attach v. 系, 绑; 贴*A metal key was attached to the string. 在绳子上系上一个金属钥匙。*Please attach these labels to your hand luggage. 请把这些标签系在您的手提行李上。*But at Union Station in Lo

3、s Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need. ”但是上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站, 一块牌子上别针别满了美元, 上面写着“给予你所能给予的, 拿走你所需要的”。*This middle school is attached to a normal college. 这所中学附属于一所师范院校。【导图理词】 【beyond】beyond prep. 无法*With

4、in the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. 在接下来的80年里, 我们的生活可能被3D打印完全改变模样。*The scenery there was beautiful beyond expression. 那儿的风景美丽得无法形容。*Ive never exchanged words with those moms beyond small talk, but they wanted to help. 除了闲聊之外, 我从来没有和那些妈妈们说过话, 但她们想帮忙。*The

5、road continues beyond the village up into the hills. 这条路绵延不断越过村子直入山中。【导图理词】 【conduct】conduct v. 传导(热、电)*A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity was conducted through the string to the key. 一道闪电击中了风筝, 电流通过绳子传到钥匙上。*Most metals can conduct electricity. 大多数金属能导电。*The guide conducted us around

6、 the ruins of the ancient city. 导游引导我们游览了古城废墟。*Who is conducting the orchestra tonight? 谁指挥今晚的管弦乐队呢? 【导图理词】 【cure】cure n. 药剂; 疗法 vt. 治愈*Currently, theres no cure for Alzheimers, but scientists are researching ways to improve the quality of life for people living with the disease. 目前还没有治愈阿尔茨海默氏症的方法,

7、但是科学家们正在研究如何提高患有这种疾病的人的生活质量。*The doctor claimed to have discovered a cure for the disease. 这个医生声称找到治愈那种疾病的疗法。*Time cured him of his grief. 时光的流逝治愈了他的悲伤。【导图理词】【易混辨析】cure主要指治愈疾病treat普通用词,指接受并诊治病人heal侧重指治愈伤口、伤痛如灼伤等 【declaration】declaration n. 声明, 宣告*Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was one of the Founding

8、 Father of the United States and helped draft the Declaration of Independence. 本杰明富兰克林(1706-1790)是美国的开国元勋之一, 他帮助起草了独立宣言。*The declaration was published in August 1687. 这份宣言是1687年8月公布的。*These events led to the declaration of war. 这些事件导致了宣战。*Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene decl

9、ared she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. 在领回“终身成就奖”后, 自豪的艾琳宣布, 她没有打算从从事了36年的事业中退休。*Britain declared war on Germany in 1914. 英国在1914年向德国宣战。【导图理词】 【injure】injure v. 使受伤; 弄伤*And it is not just humans who are benefitingin Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle

10、 injured in a forest fire! 而且不仅仅是人类受益在巴西, 人们给了一只在森林大火中受伤的乌龟一个新的3D打印的贝壳! *The injured passengers were rushed to the hospital. 受伤的乘客被急忙送到医院。*A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. 一次战争伤使他的左手丧失功能, 而且他经常入狱。【导图理词】【易混辨析】injure表示身体或精神上各种性质及任何程度的伤害,多表示意外受伤hurt

11、多用来表示伤害身体或某一部位,或表示剧烈的疼痛或精神上受到伤害harm表示人的心理、健康、权力或事业上的损害,程度较轻wound主要指在战斗中武器或凶器等造成的外伤或剧烈的痛苦 【instance】instance n. 例子, 实例*For instance, some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers. 例如, 伦敦的一些餐馆已经为顾客提供了3D打印的汉堡。*Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather t

12、han a few strong ones. 例如, 大多数食物网络是由许多薄弱环节, 而不是几个强力环节组成的。*This is only one instance out of many. 这不过是许多例子中的一个。【语块积累】for instance例如, 比如in the first instance首先, 最初 【origin】origin n. 起源; 起因*British biologist Charles Darwin (1809-1882) is best known for his work On the Origin of Species, in which he exp

13、lains changes in species due to natural selection. 英国生物学家查尔斯达尔文(1809-1882)因他的著作物种起源而出名, 在书中他解释自然选择导致物种变化。*Many words in English language are French in origin. 英语中的许多词源于法语。*And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the

14、original prey to recover. 当一种猎物变少时, 如果掠食者可以以另一种更容易找到的猎物为食, 这个转变让原来的猎物数量得以恢复。*We originally intended to stay for just a few days. 我们起初只打算待几天。【导图理词】 【就近原则】However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true. 然而, 这个故事和这个实验的细节都不完全是真的。【句式解构】(1)本句是简单句, 句中neither. . . nor. . . 结构

15、连接并列主语, 主谓一致适用于“就近原则”。(2)neither. . . nor. . . 结构也可连接其他句子成分, 表示对两者的全部否定, 意为“既不也不”。*Neither Anna nor I am interested in high finance. 安娜和我对巨额融资都不感兴趣。*Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter. 不是我, 就是他们要对那件事的结果负责。*Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it. 没有动力, 你

16、制订不了目标, 也达不到目标。*I have neither time nor money for pop festivals. 我既没时间也没钱来参加流行音乐节。【名师点津】主谓一致的“就近原则”这一原则是指谓语动词的人称和数与最近作主语的词语保持一致, 常出现在这类句子中的连词有: or, either. . . or. . . , neither. . . nor. . . , not only. . . but also. . . 及there be句型中。 【主谓一致-就前原则&目的状语】Franklin, along with many other scientists, has

17、inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions. 富兰克林和其他许多科学家激励我们、教导我们, 科学实验对于确定真相和为以后的科学发现和发明作出贡献是重要的。【句式解构】本句是主从复合句, 其中that引导宾语从句。has inspired和taught是主句的并列谓语。*He, along with hi

18、s friends, is going shopping. 他和朋友要去购物。*We started early in order to arrive before dark. 为了在天黑前到达, 我们很早就动身了。【名师点津】(1)主谓一致的“就前原则”: 由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, besides, in addition to等引起的结构跟前面的主语保持一致。(2)动词不定式作目的状语: 不定式作目的状语可使用以下形式: to do, on

19、ly to do, in order to do, so as to do, so/ such. . . as to do。不定式用作目的状语有两个可能的位置, 一是在句首, 二是在句末。一般说来, 用于句首属于强调性用法, 即强调动词的目的。有时为了特别强调目的状语, 可以在不定式之前加上in order或so as, 即构成in order to do sth. 和so as to do sth. 结构, 但so as to do不能用于句首。(3)不定式作目的状语可以置于句首, 并且当需要强调时, 通常会置于句首。但位于句首的不定式不一定是目的状语。*To cooperate with

20、others is important. (作主语)同他人合作很重要。 【虚拟语气】But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock. 但是科学家们一致认为如果富兰克林确实接触过钥匙的话, 他肯定就被电击致死了。【句式解构】(1)本句是主从复合句。其中that. . . the electric shock是that引导的宾语从句; 该从句也是主从复合句, 其中if Franklin. . . t

21、he key是条件状语从句, 该从句及其主句he would certainly have died from the electric shock都使用了虚拟语气。(2)die from是固定短语, 意为“死于”。*If I had got there earlier, I would have met her. 如果我早到那儿, 我就会见到她。*If I were a bird, I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟, 我就能在空中飞行。*If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to hi

22、m. 如果他明天来这儿的话, 我就跟他谈谈。*Every winter some old people die from hypothermia. 每年冬天都有些老人死于体温过低。【拓展延伸】虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实, 或难以实现的情况, 甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时, 也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气由句中谓语动词的特殊形式表示。(1)表示与现在事实相反的情况: 从句: If+ 主语+ did/ were主句: 主语+ should/ would/ might/ could do*If I were you, I would take an um

23、brella. 如果我是你, 我会带把伞。(事实: 我不可能是你)(2)表示与过去事实相反的情况: 从句: If+ 主语+ had done主句: 主语+ should/would/ might/ could have done*If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的建议的话, 就不会犯这样的错误了。 (事实: 没有听我的建议)(3)表示与将来事实相反: 从句: if+ 主语+ were to doif+ 主语+ should doif+ 主语+did/ were主句: 主语+ shoul

24、d/ would/ might/ could do*If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话, 我就会告诉她这件事的始末。(事实: 来的可能性很小, 不可能)*If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. 如果明天下雨, 我们就待在家里。(事实: 下雨的可能性很小, 不可能)*If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,

25、我们就去滑冰。(事实: 下雪可能性很小, 不可能) 【让步状语从句&主语从句&more than one】Although it has been proved that Franklins experiment took place, more than one scientist has questioned what really happened. 尽管已经证明富兰克林做过这个实验, 但不止一个科学家质疑到底发生了什么。【句式解构】(1)本句是主从复合句。Although it. . . took place是although引导的让步状语从句, 该从句也是主从复合句, 其中that

26、Franklins experiment took place是that引导的主语从句, 前面的it是形式主语; take place是固定短语, 意为“发生”。(2)more than one scientist has questioned是“more than one + 单数名词”结构, 适用于主谓一致原则中的“形式一致”原则; what really happened是what引导的宾语从句, 并在宾语从句中作主语。*Although my uncle is old, he looks very strong and healthy. 我的叔叔虽然老了, 但他看上去还是很健壮。*It has been proved that the practice can only do good. 事实证明这样做只有好处。*Where does the conversation take place? 这个对话发生在哪里? *More than one person was absent. 不止一个人缺席。*Theyve done what they can to help her. 他们已经做了他们能做到一切去帮助她。【名师点津】由“more than one + 单数名词”或“many a + 单数名词作主语”形式作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数形式。