Unit 3 Sports and Fitness 重点短语及句式学案- 高一上学期英语人教版（2019）必修第一册.docx

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1、 Unit3 1.教材P37 Because people can buy water balloons filled with.因为人们可以买到装满的水气球句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下：Because people can buy water balloons filled with.过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 water balloons考点提炼 过去分词（短语）作定语（1）位置：单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后。A watched pot never boils.谚心急水不沸。Experience bought with pain

2、 teaches effectually.谚从痛苦中得来的经验很宝贵。（2）时态/语态特点：及物动词的过去分词可表示被动、动作已完成；不及物动词的过去分词只表示动作已完成。如：Half of the guests invited to the dinner were foreigners. 有一半受邀出席宴会的客人是外国人。表示被动，动作已完成I could hear the sound we made as we stepped on the fallen leaves.我能听见我们踏在落叶上时发出的沙沙声。 表示动作已完成（3）扩展性：过去分词(短语）作定语时常可扩展成含有被动语态的定语从

3、句。Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain.= Money which is spent on the brain is never spent in vain.智力投资永远也不会徒劳无益。特别提醒有些过去分词作定语时为了强调分词的动作或还保持着较强的动词意义，要后置。比如given,discussed,left(剩下的)，concerned(相关的)等，这些单个分词作定语一般习惯后置；单个分词修饰something等不定代词时也必须后置。1.语法填空(2020山东语法填空改编）The 80,000 objects_(collect) b

4、y Sir Hans Sloane,for example,formed the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759.(2020全国卷语法填空节选)They make great gifts and you see them many times_(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.Most of the people_(invite) to the party were famous scientists.2.完成句子到目前为止，还

5、没有人认领在图书馆里发现的钱。So far no one has claimed_.教学不仅仅是一件简单的工作。它是一门建立在科学基础上的艺术。Teaching is not just a simple piece of work;its an art_.【答案解析】1.collected decorated invited2.the money found in the library based on science2.教材P38 The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young peopl

6、e since 1996.他在芝加哥创建的”男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下：The Boys and Girls Club which he. Chicago has been helping. since 1996.定语从句 现在完成进行时考点提炼 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时由”have/has+been+现在分词”构成，其常见用法如下：(1）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作。这个动作可能刚刚停止，也可能继续下去。此时，谓语动词为延续性动词。I have been cycling to work for the last two wee

7、ks.过去的两个星期里我一直骑自行车上班。Tom has been playing table tennis for more than an hour.汤姆打乒乓球已经一个多小时了。(2）表示从过去某时开始到现在的一段时间内反复发生的动作。Jack has been practising Tai Chi for more than a year. 杰克练太极一年多了。The old man has been repairing cars for thirty years.这位老人修车修了三十年。（3）带有一定的感情色彩。My mom has been saying that twenty t

8、imes.那话我妈已经说了20遍了。(不耐烦)特别提醒(1)现在完成时表示动作已完成，强调结果；现在完成进行时表示动作一直在进行，强调动作的持续性。比较：I have written a book.我已经写了一本书。(动作已经完成）I have been writing a book.我在写一本书。(动作一直在进行)(2)非延续性(短语）动词，如finish,marry,get up,see,go等可以用于现在完成时，但不能用于现在完成进行时。这些日子我没有见过他。【误】I havent been seeing him these days. seeing非延续性动词【 正】I havent

9、seen him these days.语法填空1.All the staff of the company, who_(work)extra hours these days, hope to finish the project as planned.2.(北京高考单项填空改编)Chinas high-speed railways_(grow) from 9.000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.3.(2020天津单项填空改编)You are a great swimmer.-Thanks. Its because I_a lot t

10、hese days.1. What a stupid mistake! Yes. I_(suggest) you do it carefully, but without success.【答案解析】1.have been working。句意：公司的所有员工这些天一直在加班，希望按计划完成该项目。these days通常与完成时连用，且根据语境可知，加班这一工作还将持续，故用现在完成进行时。2.have grown。 根据句中的 in the past few years 以及语境可知，此处应用现在完成时。3.have been practising。 根据时间状语these days可知，”练习游泳”从数天前开始，一直持续到现在，因此此处应用现在完成进行时态。4.have suggested。句意：这是多么愚蠢的错误啊！是的。我建议过你要认真做，但你没听进去。根据句意可知，此处强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响，应用现在完成时。