The World At War《二战全史（1973）》第一季第二十四集完整中英文对照剧本.docx

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1、距离日本以南1,500英里的马里亚纳 群岛中的提尼安岛上的诺斯菲尔德 North Field, on the island of Tinian, in the Marianas,1500 miles south of Japan. 1945年夏天这是世界上最大的空军基地In the summer of 1945 this was the biggest air base in the world. （1945年）8月5日，在这里， Here, on August 5, 世界上第一枚铀弹被装进一架以其驾驶员母亲名字命名的“艾诺拉盖伊”号♥B-29型轰炸机the worlds fir

2、st uranium bomb was loaded into a B-29 bomber.named Enola Gay after its pilots mother. 第二天早晨，在黎明前，”艾诺拉盖伊”号♥起飞了Next morning, before dawn, the Enola Gay took off. 它的目标广岛Its target - Hiroshima.1945年4月12日，On April 12,1945,美国总统富兰克林罗斯福突然逝世Franklin Roosevelt, President of the United States, died sud

3、denly. 举国都为其过世的领导人致哀 The nation mourned its lost leader.他已带着他们从12年前经济大萧条的深渊中走出，He had brought them from the depths of economic depression 12 years before, 现在他已领导他们到了一场世界大战的胜利前夜 now he had led them to the eve of victory in a world war.在他死前的两个月，罗斯福去了俄♥国♥的雅尔塔， Two months before his death,

4、Roosevelt had been at Yalta, in Russia, 为战后的世界奠定政♥治♥基础 laying the political foundations of the post-war world.罗斯福和丘吉尔想要在东欧，特别是波兰恢复民♥主♥制度 Roosevelt and Churchill wanted to restore democracy to Eastern Europe,particularly Poland.练到你们能做到（投进100英尺）为止”So I said/We1! practise an

5、d youll practise until you do it. 从他们在马里亚纳群岛的前沿基地， From their forward bases in the Mariana Islands, 美国B-29轰炸机已经在用 更常规的武器攻击日本的城市American B-29 bombers were already attacking Japans cities with more conventional weapons. 起初,结果很不理想To begin with, the results were poor. 柯蒂斯李梅将军开展出一种新战术： 低空燃♥烧&heart

6、s另单♥轰炸 General Curtis LeMay developed a new tactic: low-level incendiary raids.用空中摄影你能勾勒出一个大致的区域，但不很精确With aerial photography you could outline a general area,but not much precisely. 你不可能防止造成附带伤害，You just couldnt avoid doing collateral damage, 我确信我们烧掉了许多与战争工业毫无关系的日本建筑物 and Im sure we burned d

7、own a lot of Japanese buildings that had nothing to do with the war industry at all. 当然这是战争中一件不可能防止的悲哀的事情 This, of course, is one of the sad things of war that cant be helped.1945 年 3 月 9 日 2000 吨♥燃♥烧♥弹♥被投在了东京, On March 9,1945, 2,000 tonsof incendiaries were dropped on To

8、kyo, 摧毁了这座城市16平方英里的面&hearts积♥ destroying 16 square miles of the city.80,000个平民死亡80,000 civilians died.那晚在东京死的人比在（德军） 闪击轰炸中整个英国死的人还多 more that night in Tokyo than in the whole of England in the Blitz. 大多数人在火风暴中窒息而死Most suffocated in the firestorm.李梅现在一座接一座城市地攻击 LeMay now attacked city after ci

9、ty. 看来似乎只用B-29就可能打败日本 It looked as if the B-29s alone might defeat Japan.直到阿诺德将军（美国陆军航♥空♥队司令） 问了这么个直接的问题（LeMay） It wasnt until General Arnold asked the direct question ”这场战争将持续多久?） How long will the war last?； 我们才坐下并对这个问题作了一些思考， and then we sat down and did some thinking about it,而结论指出

10、在9月1日左右我们就不会再有目标可炸了, and it indicated that we would be pretty much out of targets around 1 September, 而随着失去目标， and with the targets gone, 我们看不出到那时候还有什么仗可打 we couldnt see much of any war going on at the time. 到1945年春天 By the spring of 1945 面对美国的空中和海上力量日本很无助Japan was helpless in the face of American a

11、ir and naval power. 日本大多数商船队和海军已被击沉 Most of the Japanese merchant fleet and navy had been sunk. 一场有效的封锁已切断了日本 与她在海外的军队的联♥系♥, An effective blockade had cut off Japan from her overseas army, 令她绝大局部的空军因为缺乏燃料而无法升空， grounded most of her air force for lack of fuel, 并使她的人♥民♥受到了饥

12、饿的威胁 and threatened her population with starvation.美国战斗轰炸机（在口本上空）随意漫游， 支援那毁灭性的火攻空袭American fighter-bombers roamed at will, backing up the devastating fire raids. 许多日本政♥治♥家意识到他们的国家支撑不了多长时间了 Many Japanese politicians realised that their country could not hold out much longer.4月1日:美国部队在日本

13、土地.距离本土仅350英里的冲绳岛上登陆April 1: American troops land on Japanese soil.Okinawa, only 350 miles from the mainland. 他们面临凶猛的抵抗They face fierce resistance.但随着战役开始，日本不断增长的主和派促成了 一个由铃木（贯太郎）海军大将领导的新内阁的任命 But as the battle starts,the growing peace party in Japan secure the appointment of a new cabinet,led by Ad

14、miral Suzuki.（加潮俊一外♥交♥部♥官员1945战后日本首任驻联♥合 ♥国 ♥大使）当铃木内阁成立时，军事形势糟透了,When the Suzuki cabinet came into existence, the military situation was deplorable, 此外，我们国家的经济困境也十清楚显 and, moreover, the economic plight of our nation was quite apparent. 军事当局The military comma

15、nd.试图挤出，可以这么说，国家的最后一滴血， tried to squeeze the last drop,so to speak, of the nations blood, 就为了更努力地继续打这场无用的战争， in order to prosecute harder the useless war,但对任何明白事理的人来说事情 变得很明显我们已经山穷水尽了 but it became evident to any sensible man that we were at the end of our tether.（木户幸一候爵日本最后一任“内大臣”甲级战犯） 军队中的年轻军官,那些极

16、端主义分子，The younger officers in the army, the extremists, 觉得我们应该战斗到底,直到每个人都被杀死 thought that we should fight to the bitterend, until every man had been killed.但陆军大臣，阿南（惟几）将军,不同意But the war minister,General Anami,didnt agree.他认为如果我们继续战斗到美国人入侵本土He thought that if we fought on until the Americans invaded

17、the mainland 然后在海滩上狠狠打击他们的军队一次， and then hit their forces hard on the beaches once, 那么我们就能通过谈判达成 对日本更有利的和平条件 we could then negotiate peace on terms more favourable to Japan. 但杜鲁门不会谈判But Truman would not negotiate.他在5月彳惠国战败后这样告诉国会 He told Congress so in May,after Germanys defeat.我们的要求一直是，也仍然是，无条件投降 O

18、ur demand has been,and it remains, unconditional surrender.我要整个世界都知道这个方针 必须也将会保持不变和不受阻碍 I want the entire world to know that this direction must and will remain unchanged and unhampered. 杜鲁门现在面临两个主要问题：Truman now faced two major problems: 如何在欧洲应付俄♥国♥A, how to deal with the Russians in E

19、urope, 以及是否要求他们兑现他们加入对日战争的承诺 and whether to ask them to fulfil their pledge to join the war against Japan.在德国，俄♥国♥的和西方的部队互相敬酒, In Germany, Russian and Western troops exchanged toasts,但丘吉尔已经在给杜鲁门发送紧急信息 but already Churchill was sending urgent messages to Truman警告说一张铁幕正在欧洲被俄♥国&hea

20、rts;拉下 warning that an iron curtain was being drawn down in Europe by Russia.“三巨头”必须赶在血他所说，民♥主♥的军队消失”之前迅速会面The “big three must meet quickly before, as he put it/the armies of democracy melted1. 而杜鲁门有了一个新国务卿澹姆斯伯恩斯 And Truman had a new secretary of state, James Byrnes.伯恩斯想要在俄♥国&he

21、arts;人能加入（对日战争）并在亚洲 也给西方国家造成麻烦前结束对日本的战争 Byrnes wanted to finish the war against Japan before the Russians could join in and cause problems for the West in Asia, too.在我的脑海中一直存在这个想法那就是我们应该在俄♥国♥人介入前结束这场战争这一点是很重要的 It was ever-present in my mind that it was important that we should have an

22、end to the war before the Russians came in.但史汀生想要在原♥子♥弹♥准备好之前 防止在欧洲或远东作出草率的决定But Stimson wanted to avoid hasty decisions in Europe or the Far East before the bomb was ready. 他写信给杜鲁门:“在任何这种纠缠交织的问题中， He wrote to Truman: Over any such tangled weave of problems, 原子秘密将是占首位的”the atomi

23、c secret would be dominant/ ”在外交中进行这么大赌注的赌博不把你的 王牌捏在你的手里似乎是件很糟糕的事情” It seems a terrible thing to gamble with such big stakes in diplomacy without having your master card in your hand. 杜鲁门让史汀生放心Truman reassured Stimson.“三巨头”会议被故意推迟到7月15日”以给我们更多的时间”the “big three meeting was postponed until July 15 on

24、 purpose to give us more time. 哈里霍普金斯,得到斯大林信任的罗斯福的密友， Harry Hopkins, Roosevelts close friend whom Stalin trusted,在5月底被派往莫斯科给波兰问题暂时降降温 was sent to Moscow at the end of May to take the heat temporarily out of the Polish issue.他回报说他已经平息了事情He reported back that he had smoothed things over.斯大林也已自发地保证在8月8

25、日加入对日战争Stalin had also promised.unprompted.to join the war against Japan on August 8.当霍普金斯还在莫斯科,史汀生的委员会得出了结论While Hopkins was in Moscow,Stimsonrs committee reached its decision.这个研究原♥子♥弹♥的委员会一致建议 它应该尽快地，没有警告地，The committee studying the atomic bomb unanimously recommended that it

26、 be used as soon as possible, without warning, 被用来对付一个主要的日本军事机构against a major Japanese military establishment.只有这样,史汀生认为，Only this, Stimson thought,才能造成一种可能导致日本投降的心理冲击would provide the psychological blow which might induce Japan to surrender.尽管他同意杜鲁门的一些顾问（的这个建议）即日本人应被下达一个明确说明他们能保存天♥皇♥

27、的最后通牒Although he agreed with some of Trumanfs advisersthat the Japanese should be given an ultimatum which made it clear they could keep the emperor, 但在原♥子&hearts另单♥至少被试验之前 他反对宣布这个（最后通牒he opposed announcing this until after the bomb had at least been tested. 但在战后他写道，But after the war h

28、e wrote,”根据最终的投降来看,确实有可能，nlt is possiblejn the light of the final surrender, 一次更明确和更早的表达美国愿意保存天&hearts遑♥的阐述可能使得战争更早结束”that a clearer and earlier exposition of Americanwillingness to retain the emperor could haveproduced an earlier ending of the war.6月18 口 :华盛顿June 18: Washington.在他取得欧洲的胜利后艾森豪

29、威尔将军受到了英雄般的欢迎General Eisenhower is given a heros welcome after his victory in Europe. 那一天在白宫，In the White House that day,杜鲁门被要求批准他的参谋长联席会议在11月入侵日本的计划Truman is asked to approve his joint chiefs of staffs plans to invade Japan in November. 我们收起我们的文件并开始出门，We gathered up our papers and started to go out

30、,（约翰麦克洛伊助理战争部长1945战后任世界银行行长）杜鲁门先生注意到了我并说：and Mr Truman spotted me and said:”麦克洛伊先生，不表达他自己的观点谁也不能离开这个房♥同,淇他人都已经（说了他们的意见K“Mr McCloy, nobody gets out of this roomwithout expressing himself.everybody else has.“你觉得我有任何其他选择吗?”Do you think I have any other alternative?1 我朝史汀生上校看过去他总喜欢被人叫作上校1 looked

31、over at Colonel Stimson.he always liked to be called Colonel.他在一次大战中是一个团的上校（团长工而不喜欢被人叫作”部长;hed been colonel of a regimentin World War I,rather than Secretary.我朝史汀生看过去他点点头，他说J说吧”I looked over at Stimsonand he nodded, he said, Go ahead/1所以我开始说了，我说我认为So I started in, and I said that I thought that如果我们这

32、时候不开始考虑这场战争的政♥治♥结束而只 考虑军事结束的话我们应该去把我们的脑子检查检查we ought to have our heads examined if we didnt, at this point,begin to think in terms of a political culmination of the war rather than a military one. 我说我会给他们一些条件And I said Id give them some terms.我会传递一条信息给他们， 我会把（投降）条件具体讲清楚 Id send a messa

33、ge over to them Jd spell out the terms just about what they were. 我记得杜鲁门先生说3思那 你的条件是什么？你会怎么做?”And I remember Mr.Truman said, Well, what are your terms? What would you do? 当时我对投降条件的实际用词还没什么准备， 1 hadnt quite prepared for the actual dictation of the surrender terms at that point, 但我开始说起来我说， but I start

34、ed in and I said,”首先,我会说你们能保存天♥皇♥ nln the first place,fd say you can have the mikado, 但他得是个立宪君主 but hes got to be a constitutional monarch.你们必须得有一个代议制政♥府&hearts / youve got to have a representative form of government.“你们能够购买♥♥,但不能控制，外国原材料 You can have access to, bu

35、t not control over, foreign raw materials 那样你们能有一个可行的经济； 我尽我所能解释清楚so you can have a viable economy. 1 spelled it out as best I could. “除此之外，我还会说， 我们已拥有了一种新武器， And fd say,besides that, weve got a new force, 而它是以一种能使战争形态发生 革命性变化的新能源的形式存在的， and its in the form of a new type of energy that will revoluti

36、onise warfare, 其毁灭性超乎一切预料”我说我会提到原♥子&hearts另单♥ destructive beyond any contemplation.1 said Ed mention the bomb.嗯,提到原♥子&hearts另单♥,即使在那个很晚的日子， 在那个经过精心挑选的团体里，就像是 Well, mentioning the bomb, even at that late date, in that select groupjt was like.他们全都被震惊了因为它是 如此一个被严格保守的秘密 it wa

37、s like they were all shocked because it was such a closely guarded secret. 这就好比在耶鲁大学提到“骷髅会” （耶鲁一个秘密精英社团）一样， It was comparable to mentioning Skull and Bones at Yale, 而这是你不应该做的which youre not supposed to do.但杜鲁门先生说这是我正试图去触及的那种事 But Mr Truman said, This is the sort of thing I was trying to reach for. 把

38、所有那些条件都讲清楚” get that all spelled out. 那时史汀生插话了并表示支持我的立场，At that point Stimson did come in and joined in support of my position, 不过后来伯恩斯先生，他当时是国务卿/也并不在场， but then later on Mr Byrnes,who was then secretary of state,who was not present, 否决了让他们保存天♥皇♥的想法 vetoed the idea of offering them the

39、 mikado. 你只能够猜想如果我们用我所指出的这种形式把包括 保存天♥皇♥在内的那些信息、传递给日本人，可能会发生些什么 One can only speculate as to what would have happened if we had put the message to the Japanese in the form that I indicated,including the mikado.我总有这种感觉，鉴于我们拥有的一些信息1 always had the feeling, in view of some of the informati

40、on weve had since 由于就日本军方一些真正的急性子表现出的倾向而言， of the tendency on the part of some of the real military hotheads in Japan, 考虑到这或许是最好的出路， to think that this was perhaps the best way out,我们可能能够防止扔原♥子♥弹♥that we might have been ableto avoid the dropping of the bomb.到这时，冲绳战役几乎结束了By this

41、time,the battle for Okinawa is almost over. 12,000个美国人阵亡 12,000 Americans had died, 这是入侵本土可能付出的代价的一次血腥预示 a bloody foretaste of what invasion of the mainland might cost.对日本人来说，教训还要更严酷For the Japanese, the lesson was harsher still. 10万人死亡100,000 died,而且,在这场战争中第一次，他们的士兵成千地投降and, for the first time in t

42、he war, their soldiers surrendered in thousands. 当最后的抵抗在6月22日结束，As the last resistance ended,on June 22, 新的日本内阁第一次开始采取寻求和平的行动 the new Japanese cabinet made its first move towards peace.最终，我们不得不与我们的军事对手 也就是美国和英国进行谈判Ultimately,we had to conduct negotiations with our military opponents.that is to say,

43、America and Britain. 但最高指挥部明确地拒绝考虑 任何开始与敌方进行对话的想法but the high command refused categorically to entertain any idea of starting conversations with the enemy powers. 在敌方阵营中剩下的唯一（可对话）的强权就是苏联， The only great power left outof the enemy camp was the Soviet Union, 因为名义上（日苏之间）仍然还存在一份中立条约， because of the fact

44、 that nominally there existed still the neutrality pact, 所以这是唯一一扇翻开着的 可以进行和平努力的窗户and so this was the only window open for peace endeavours.他们还请求斯大林确认俄♥国♥会在德国战败的三个月后加入对日战争They also asked Stalin to confirm thatRussia would join the war against Japanthree months after the defeat of German

45、y.在愉快的气氛中，In a cheerful atmosphere,“三巨头以为他们已达成了协议the big three thoughtthey had reached agreement.雅尔塔（会议）真的是这三个人之间关系的顶点Yalta was really the high point ofthe relationship between the three men.胜利即将来临德国人正在撤退，Victory was in the air,the Germans were in retreat,所以除了未来的军事事务外，还有许多问题要谈判and so there was a goo

46、d deal more talk, in addition to military matters,of the future.（埃夫里尔哈里曼美国驻俄♥国♥大使1945）波兰再次成为最麻烦的核心问题Poland again became the most troublesome point.而且很有趣罗斯福和丘吉尔都觉得他们和斯大林达成了协议And its interesting that both Roosevelt andChurchill felt they had an agreement with Stalin.波兰的问题就和所有东欧国家的一样The p

47、roblem with Poland.as with all Eastern Europe.是西方领导人想在那里建立一个自 ♥由♥选举出来的政♥府♥was that the Western leaders wanteda freely elected government there.苏联人想要（在那里）建立一个对俄♥国♥友好的政♥府♥The Soviets wanted a government friendly to Russia.他们以为西方理解并接受这一点They thoug

48、ht the Westunderstood and accepted this.从他们的角度来看，波兰将不会成为西方的一个前哨站Poland, from their point of view, was而这扇窗面向北方 and this window looked towards the north. 所以我们与军方领导人据理力争，And so we argued it out with the military command, 军方领导人最终，勉强地， and the military command finally, reluctantly, 容许了我们的请求那就是为了到达最终的目的地， 也就是华盛顿和伦敦，我们（应该）开始与苏联谈判 acceded to our request that we start negotiations with the Soviet Union in order to arrive at the final destination.which was Washington and London. 但斯大林会见的是中国外♥交♥部♥长 （王世杰）而不是日本外&h