【上课用】高考英语复习之语法透析：非谓语动词课件.pptx

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1、非谓语动词,2022高考复习之语法透析,知识导图,非谓语动词,固定用法,v.ing 表主动或正在进行,to do 表将来,基本含义,v.ed 表被动或已经完成,考点精析,考点一非谓语动词的形式及意义,考点精析,Many Chinese brands, having developed their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.很多历经几个世纪树立了声誉的中国品牌，正面临着现代市场带来的新挑战。There are still many problems to be solv

2、ed before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.在我们准备到月球上长住之前，还有很多问题仍需要被解决。,考点精析,考点二非谓语动词作主语和表语一、不定式作主语和表语1.不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置，构成句型：Itbeadj.(difficult/kind/clever等)for/of sb.to do sth.；No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its better to remain silen

3、t.不论你多么能说会道，有些时候保持沉默会更好。,考点精析,2.不定式作表语时：(1)表示预定要发生的动作；(2)当主语是aim、purpose、idea、plan、wish、decision、choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；(3)主语为what引导的名词性从句时，多用不定式作表语。His wish is to be a doctor in the future.他的愿望是将来当一名医生。,考点精析,不定式作表语时，如果前面有实义动词do的形式，作表语的不定式常省略to。What I want to do most in senior high is (to) improve my En

4、glish.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。,考点精析,二、动名词作主语和表语1.动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作。也可用it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语放在句末。动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。,考点精析,2.常用于动名词作主语的句型：Its a waste of time doing.；Its no use/good doing.；It

5、is useless doing./There is no use doing.Its no use complaining without taking action.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。*不定式和动名词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。,考点精析,考点三非谓语动词作宾语一、只接不定式作宾语的动词,考点精析,考点三非谓语动词作宾语(1)此外afford、happen(碰巧)、wait、threaten等也要用不定式作宾语；(2)动词(短语)learn、decide、know、wonder、show、tell、understand、explain、teach、advise、find out

6、等常接“疑问词动词不定式”作宾语。,考点精析,二、只接动名词作宾语的动词(短语),He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk losing the good opportunity.他为这次工作面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒险失去这次好机会。,考点精析,*allow、permit、forbid、advise后需加动名词作宾语，但如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，则用不定式作宾补，即allow/permit/forbid/advise sb. to do sth.。,考点精析,三、接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词,

7、mean,to do sth,doing sth.,打算做某事,意味着做某事,forget,to do sth,doing sth.,忘记做某事（未做）,忘记做过某事（已做）,regret,to do sth,doing sth.,遗憾要去做某事（未做）,后悔做某事（已做）,考点精析,三、接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词,try,to do sth,doing sth.,尽力做某事,试着做某事,go on,to do sth,doing sth.,继续做另外一件事,继续做同一件事,remember,to do sth,doing sth.,记着去做某事（未做）,记得做过某事（已做）,can

8、t help,to do sth,doing sth.,不能帮助做某事,情不自禁地做某事,考点精析,三、接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词,I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，还有我在那里所看到的一切。I remembered to lock the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.我离开办公室之前记得关门却忘记关灯了。,考点精析,三、接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同

9、的动词,动词want、need、require作“需要”讲时，其后要用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.(clean与the window之间存在动宾关系)窗户需要清洁一下。He needs to leave at once.(leave与he之间不存在动宾关系)他必须马上离开。,考点精析,四、常见的用动名词作宾语的短语和句型spend (in)(花费)、be/get used to(习惯于)、feel like(想要)、insist on(坚持)、get do

10、wn to(开始认真做某事)、devote.to.(致力于)、object to(反对)、stick to(坚持)、give up(放弃)、have difficulty/trouble (in)(有困难)、have fun (in)(玩得开心)。Its quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim? I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do working with students.I had great difficulty (in) finding the suitable fo

11、od on the menu in that restaurant.,考点精析,*当非谓语动词位于介词but、except后时，习惯上要用不定式。并且，当其前有实义动词do及相关形式时，则不定式要省略to；若其前没有动词do，则不定式通常带to。We had no choice but to wait.我们除了等待之外别无选择。I could do nothing except agree.我除了同意，什么都做不了。,考点精析,考点四非谓语动词作状语一、不定式作状语1.作原因状语，多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。Im very glad to be invited to attend

12、 the meeting.2.作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了、想要”。To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year in order to/so as to/to visit her.,考点精析,3.作结果状语,表示出乎意料的结果，常考结构：only t

13、o do(表示出乎意料的结果)。Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.4.固定结构：enough to do.(足够做)；too.to do.(太而不能做)；,考点精析,主语系动词形容词to do 句型。(常见形容词有easy、difficult、hard、cheap、expensive、fit、comfortable、heavy、good、important、impossible、dangerous、surprised、astonished、delighted、disappointe

14、d 等)This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.这台机器很容易操作。只需几分钟，任何人都能学会使用它。,考点精析,句型“主语系动词形容词不定式”句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。In many peoples opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant to deal w

15、ith.在许多人看来，那家公司尽管相对小点，但与他们做生意很愉快。,考点精析,二、分词作状语1.动词ing作状语时，表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等，与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，且含有进行之意。A city is the product of the human hand and mind, reflecting mans intelligence and creativity.一座城市是人类的手与大脑的产物，反映了人类的智慧与创造性。,考点精析,*having done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。I got to the office earlier that day, hav

16、ing caught the 7：30 train from Paddington.那天我赶上了从帕丁顿7点半出发的火车，所以早一点到了办公室。,考点精析,2.动词ed 作状语时，表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等，与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，且含有完成之意。Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.从山顶上看，这座城市非常美丽。Ordinary soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.如果正确使用的话，普通肥皂可以有效地消灭细菌。,考

17、点精析,3.连词分词作状语构成状语从句的省略，常用连词有while、when、once、if、unless等。Generally speaking, if taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.一般来说，如果按照说明服用，这种药没有副作用。While walking the dog, you were so careless that it got loose and was hit by a car.当你遛狗时，你如此的粗心让它挣脱了，以至于它被汽车撞了。,考点精析,4.源于系表结构的部分过去分词(短语)

18、作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态，不表示被动关系，其前不用being。常见的有located(坐落于)、lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着的)、lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦的)、faced with(面对着)、equipped with (装备)等。(天津卷)Absorbed in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching.由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。,考点精析,三、独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的

19、选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的独立成分有：,考点精析,To be honest, the pay isnt attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting.说实话，尽管这份工作本身很有趣，但是这个报酬不是很吸引人。,考点精析,四、独立主格结构作状语独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等构成，用于修饰整个句子。该结构位置相当灵活，可置于句首、句中或句末，常由逗号将其与句子主体分开，在句中通常作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、目的等，还可以作定语。其构成形式主要有：名词/代词

20、名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式(主动表被动),考点精析,Much time spent sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.Weather permitting, they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.Everything taken into consideration, the result is better than expected.The test finished, we began

21、 our holiday.The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.,考点精析,考点五非谓语动词作定语一、不定式作定语1.不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch.我在会议期间一直看表，因为我要赶火车。*不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。Suddenly a good idea occurred to

22、 her, but she couldnt find any paper to write on.,考点精析,2.序数词、形容词最高级、the last、 the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词或代词后，常用不定式作定语。注意：该名词或代词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者。He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。,考点精析,3.被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语，如ability、chance、idea、hope、wish、fact、exc

23、use、promise、attempt、way 等。And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。,考点精析,*不定式作定语时，当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语，且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。I have a l

24、etter to post, so I cant go swimming with you.我有一封信(需要我)要寄出，因此我不能和你一起去游泳了。I have a letter to be posted. Can you help me?我有一封信想(让别人替我)寄出去，你能帮我一下吗？,考点精析,二、分词作定语1.作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示完成时，用过去分词。Most coll

25、eges now offer first year students a course specially designed to help them succeed academically and personally.Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.,考点精析,2.形容词化的动词ing形式和动词ed 形式。动词ing形式意为“令人的”；动词ed形式意为“(人)感到的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look、expression、tears、smile、voice

26、等名词。amusing 有趣的amused 感到有趣的annoying 令人烦恼的annoyed 烦恼的astonishing 令人吃惊的astonished 吃惊的,amazing 令人惊奇的amazed 感到惊奇的,boring 令人厌倦的bored 厌倦的,confusing 令人糊涂的confused 困惑的,考点精析,encouraging 令人受鼓励的encouraged 受到鼓励的discouraging 令人泄气的discouraged 泄气的shocking 令人震惊的shocked 震惊的moving 令人感动的moved 感动的,disappointing 令人失望的di

27、sappointed 失望的,frightening 令人害怕的frightened 害怕的,inspiring 令人鼓舞的inspired 受到鼓舞的,terrifying 令人恐怖的terrified 恐怖的,考点精析,*非谓语动词作定语的解题思路表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用being done；表示主动、尚未进行用to do；表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。试比较：Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in t

28、he skies.The bridge built in 2019 was designed by a local company.The bridge being built now was designed by a local company.The bridge to be built next year was designed by a local company.,考点精析,考点六非谓语动词作宾补一、不定式作宾补不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。1常用不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise、allow、ask、beg、cause、encourage、expec

29、t、forbid、force、intend、invite、order、persuade、prefer、require、remind、tell、want、warn、wish、call on、depend on等。If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on.Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to speak to the new students.,考点精

30、析,*在sb.be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thoughtto do/to have done结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。He is thought to have acted foolishly . Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.大家都认为他表现得很愚蠢。现在要为他的失业负责的不是别人，而是他自己。,考点精析,2.后用省略“to”的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：“五看；三使；二听；一感觉”。五看：look at/watch/notice/see/obs

31、erve sb.do sth.三使：make/have/let sb.do sth.二听：listen to/hear sb.do sth.一感觉：feel sb.do sth.I like the film because it can make me laugh.我喜欢这部电影，因为它能让我笑。,考点精析,二、分词作宾补1.现在分词作宾补时，与宾语之间是主动关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。过去分词作宾补时，与宾语之间存在被动关系。Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help?2.过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常

32、见动词：感官动词(see、watch、observe、notice、hear、listen、feel)、使役动词(have、make、let、get)、find、leave、keep等。I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken.,考点精析,*(1)使役动词have、get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：have sth.doneget sth.done意为“让别人做某事”；have sb./sth.doing sth.意为“让一直做某事”；get sb./sth.doing意为“使开始做某事”；have sb

33、.do sth.get sb.to do sth.意为“让某人做某事”。Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed.在开车进城之前，你需要找人洗洗车。,考点精析,(2)have sb. doing sth.用于否定句中，常与cant、wont等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。I cant have you getting away with telling lies.我不能容忍你撒谎而不受惩罚。,考点精析,三、with的复合结构,With a lot of difficult problems t

34、o settle, the newly elected president is having a hard time.John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it.I couldnt do my homework with all that noise going on.,with,sb/sth. doing,sth. done,sth. to do,表主动、进行,表被动、完成,表将来,考点精析,三、with的复合结构,*with的复合结构中，也可以用形容词、副

35、词或介词短语作宾补。He was asleep with his head on his arms.他睡着了，头枕在胳膊上。She stood there still, with her face pale.她一动不动站在那儿，脸色苍白。His mother sat on the chair, with her head down.他妈妈坐在椅子上，低着头。,方法解读,方法一利用并列连词It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the r

36、oad, _(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.,laying,方法二利用固定结构I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid _(look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged.,方法解读,avoid doing sth.,looking,方法解读,方法三分析句子成分On the last day of our weeklong stay, we were invited to attend

37、 a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, _(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.Truly elegant chopsticks might be made of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _(create) special designs.,liste

38、ning,to creat,演练提升,1.The Jiaolong even holds the record for the deepest dive by a manned submarine, at 7，062 metres, _(give) China its place alongside the worlds top ocean explorers.2.The drone, _ (equip) with a special camera and a loudspeaker, can detect people with fever at a certain distance and

39、 broadcast messages about protective measures to residents.3.Less than a month after Kumar won the right_ (compete) in them, the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games was put off until 2021.,giving equipped to complete,演练提升,4._ (expose) to foreign teachers since a young age, I can communicate with others in flue

40、nt English.5.But if you do find it difficult_ (fall) asleep or stay asleep at night, then you should avoid naps and try to build up that healthy sleepiness in the evening.6.Past studies have shown a link between sleeping less and weighing more, but scientists have had difficulty _ (determine) “Which

41、 came first, the chicken or the egg？”,Having been exposed to fall determining,演练提升,7.Actually, it is quite normal for the average person _ (live) in a city to see thousands of ads every single day.8.First of all，_ (become) aware of what causes your worry will help to reduce the stress.9.They start b

42、uilding their huts late in the summer, but do not get them _ (finish) before the early frosts.10.Traditional Chinese wedding customs may vary from place to place and time to time, but have been holding an important position in the lives of Chinese people, _ (cause) a far-reaching impact on the way the Chinese lead their lives.,living becoming finished causingc,Thank You！,