高考英语复习之语法透析：句子成分课件.pptx

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1、句子成分,2022高考复习之语法透析,知识导图,句子成分,主语,在句子中，主语是谓语所表示动作或状态的执行者。,谓语,谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或具有的特征，常位于主语之后。,宾语,宾语表示谓语动作、行为的对象，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面，受到主语的限制和制约。,表语,定语,状语,补语,表语一般位于系动词(如be、become、get、look、grow、turn、seem等)之后，用来说明主语这个“主子”的身份、特征和状态。,修饰或限定名词或代词的词、短语或从句被称为定语。,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分叫作状语。,同位语,补语也叫补足语，主要起补充说

2、明的作用，最常见的是宾语补足语和主语补足语，所以说它寄人篱下，成不了“主人”。,对句子中的名词或代词做进一步解释、说明，与前面的名词或代词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。,句子有若干个组成部分，分别承担着不同的作用，这些组成部分叫作句子成分。英语中的句子成分分为主语(Subject)、谓语(Predicate)、宾语(Object)、表语(Predicative)、定语(Attribute)、状语(Adverbial)、补语(Complement)和同位语(Appositive)。,考点精析,一、主语在句子中，主语是谓语所表示动作或状态的执行者。主语一般位于句子开头，且不能省略。但在

3、某些特定的句式里，如：疑问句、倒装句、祈使句、感叹句等，句子主语也可以“下台”或位于谓语动词之后或省略。能够充当主语的主要有名词(短语)、主格代词、数词、动词ing(短语)、动词不定式(短语)和从句等。当主语为从句时，为避免头重脚轻，可用it作形式主语。,考点精析,Im writing to ask for your guidance on a short play.The route went from our school gate to the foot of the South Mountain.Taking part in a fruitpicking activity on a f

4、arm is meaningful and rewarding.,考点精析,代词作主语,名词作主语,动词ing短语作主语,To bring a small gift is a good idea.To start with, what I intend to stress is that we are about to start our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 am next Friday.,考点精析,动词不定式作主语,从句作主语,二、谓语谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或具有的特征，常位于主语之后。

5、谓语可由动词和动词短语、系表结构以及“助动词/情态动词实义动词”充当，有时态、语态和语气的变化，同时又受到主语人称和数的制约。语态判断的依据是看主语和动词之间的关系，如果两者之间是主动关系就用主动语态，如果是被动关系就用被动语态。谓语的构成如下：,考点精析,I can give a brief introduction of these masterpieces from the perspective of a native speaker of China.I have good news to tell you that a music festival will be held in

6、our school hall on June 5th at 2 pm.I am good at English and familiar with Chinese paintings.,考点精析,“情态动词实义动词”作谓语,实义动词作谓语,系表结构作谓语,三、宾语 宾语表示谓语动作、行为的对象，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面，受到主语的限制和制约。宾语一般由名词(短语)、宾格代词、动词ing(短语)、动词不定式或从句充当，根据需要也可用it作形式宾语。宾语在被动结构中才会“翻身农奴把歌唱”。,考点精析,Most of the racers finished the whole course.I

7、m glad to know that youve come to China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.Dont forget to praise your friend for the delicious foods he offers.,考点精析,名词作宾语,从句作宾语,不定式作宾语,双宾语(间接宾语直接宾语)Mr.Smith gave him a lot of valuable advice on how to improve his writing.复合宾语(宾语宾语补足语)Doctors often advise us

8、to pay more attention to our diets and mental health and to take regular examinations.,考点精析,him为间接宾语； advice为直接宾语,us为宾语； to pay more attention.examinations为宾语补足语,四、表语 表语一般位于系动词(如be、become、get、look、grow、turn、seem等)之后，用来说明主语这个“主子”的身份、特征和状态，一般由名词、名词性物主代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式(短语)、动词ing、介词短语、副词及表语从句等充当。,考点精析,Ne

9、edless to say, they were deeply moved.His main duty is to measure body temperature and check the passes for exit and entry.,考点精析,形容词作表语,不定式作表语,My favourite sport is running.Thats why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.We are confident that we can win this competition.,考

10、点精析,动词ing作表语,从句作表语,形容词作表语,五、定语 修饰或限定名词或代词的词、短语或从句被称为定语。定语服务于它所修饰或限定的名词或代词，可由形容词、数词、形容词性物主代词、介词短语、非谓语动词(短语)或定语从句等充当。定语有前置和后置两种情况，如短语结构、从句等作定语时，常置于被修饰词之后。,考点精析,I have achieved satisfactory results in recent examinations.He is a volunteer who works as a gate guard in our community during the epidemic o

11、f COVID19.,考点精析,形容词作定语,从句作定语,The exhibition will be held in the City Museum located in the north of our city.Papercutting has a history of over 1，500 years, which belongs to traditional art in China.,考点精析,过去分词作定语,从句作定语,六、状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分叫作状语。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、程度、伴随等意

12、义。状语可由副词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、状语从句等充当。状语在句子中的位置很灵活，所以说它“行踪飘忽不定”。常见情况：通常在句子基本结构后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般放在时间状语之前；一些表示频度的副词(如often、almost等)作状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后、实义动词之前。,考点精析,Thanks to his efforts in epidemic prevention and control, our neighborhood has been in a

13、 good state.Looking forward to seeing you soon.To let us experience the life in the countryside, our school organized a fruitpicking activity on a farm last weekend.,考点精析,介词短语作状语,副词作状语,不定式短语作状语,Having known that a traditional Chinese painting exhibition will be held at the gallery in London during t

14、he summer holiday, Im extremely excited.If you want a deep experience in the city, shared bikes would be the best choice.,考点精析,现在分词短语作状语,从句作状语,七、补语 补语也叫补足语，主要起补充说明的作用，最常见的是宾语补足语和主语补足语，所以说它寄人篱下，成不了“主人”。补足语可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、分词、介词短语或从句充当。,考点精析,We sincerely wish you a quick recovery and an early retur

15、n to China.Well try our best to make our country more and more beautiful.,考点精析,名词短语作宾补,形容词作宾补,八、同位语总是玩失踪，特殊场合还是“显露原形”对句子中的名词或代词做进一步解释、说明，与前面的名词或代词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。英语句子表达中一般情况下是没有同位语的，所以说它爱玩失踪，如果要对前面的名词的具体内容做进一步的说明，这时候就需要同位语，可谓“显露原形”。可以用作同位语的有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动词ing和从句等。,考点精析,Im Li Jin, a student

16、 at Chenguang High School.There is no doubt that I will improve its reputation through my efforts.,考点精析,名词短语作同位语,从句作同位语,演练提升,分析下列句子中加黑词的句子成分1.Since he didnt know his towns name, finding a small neighborhood in a vase country proved to be impossible.2.Three months later I found myself on a plane to P

17、hoenix, Arizona. 3.And the person I respect most is my physics teacher.,主语,宾语补足语,定语,演练提升,4.Those are why she deserves our respect. 5.Then Mrs. Meredith searched the internet and ordered a household popcorn machine. 6.She always talks to us patiently and helps us to find a solution.,表语,谓语,宾语,演练提升,7.If you will join, you may send your information to intlposs ppt gmschool. com. 8.Personally，I prefer the tour along the Yangtze River, the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization.,状语,同位语,Thank You！,