北京市海淀区2020_2021学年高一英语下学期期中试题含解析.doc

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1、北京市海淀区2020-2021学年高一英语下学期期中试题（含解析）第一部分:知识运用(共三节，28分)第一节 语法填空（共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Koshiba had a legendary life. When he was a kid, he dreamed of being a soldier or musician, but his dream was broken when his right hand was damaged by polio(小儿

2、麻痹症).While in the hospital, he read Adlbert Einsteins books and _1_ (become) interested in physics. He never made it to the top of his physics class in high school, but went on to study at the University of Tokyo, then the University of Rochester, _2_he earned his PhD. “There are things in the world

3、 you can achieve despite poor academic records.” Koshiba said. What _3_ (count) most is adopting an active attitude toward studying.【答案】1. became 2. where 3. counts【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了Koshiba传奇的一生。由于小儿麻痹症所带来的后遗症，他失去了成为士兵和音乐家的机会。但是偶然间，他爱上了物理，最后还取得了博士学位。【1题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在医院期间，他阅读了阿德伯特爱因斯坦的书，并对物理学产生

4、了兴趣。根据上文的While in the hospital, he read Adlbert Einsteins books可知，此处介绍过去发生的事情，所以需要用一般过去时。主语he和谓语动词become是主动关系。故填became。【2题详解】考查定语从句。句意：高中时，他的物理成绩从来没有名列前茅，但他先后就读于东京大学和罗切斯特大学，并在那里获得了博士学位。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词the University of Rochester在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句。故填where。【3题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：最重要的是采取积

5、极的学习态度。分析句子结构可知，此空为主语从句的谓语动词。根据下文is以及句意可知，此处陈述客观事实，需要用一般现在时。在主语从句中，What作主语，所以谓语用单数。count表示“重要”时是不及物动词，没有被动。故填counts。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Zoos play an important role in the world for conservation and education. They are _4_ (particular) important for endanger

6、ed species. Many animals are critically_5_ danger and may go extinct in the wild, but in zoos, they are going wrong. Many others are already extinct in the wild and only animals _6_ are kept in zoos survive. Even those critics of zoos often recognize that it is better to have species preserved somew

7、here than lose them altogether, as animals held in zoos _7_ (protect) from serious threat.【答案】4. particularly 5. in 6. that/which 7. are protected【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了动物园在保护濒危动物方面的作用。【4题详解】考查副词。句意：它们对濒危物种尤其重要。空处修饰形容词important，应用副词形式。故填particularly。【5题详解】考查介词。句意：许多动物在野外处于极度危险中，可能会灭绝。be in danger处于危险中

8、，是固定短语，故填in。【6题详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多其他动物在野外已经灭绝，只有饲养在动物园的动物才能生存。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是animals，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that或which引导，故填that/which。【7题详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：即使是那些批评动物园的人也常常认识到，把物种保存在某个地方总比把它们全部丢掉要好，因为关在动物园里的动物受到保护，免受严重威胁。结合本句时态可知，空处也使用一般现在时，且主语animals和动词protect之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是名词复数，故填are protected。C阅读下列短文，

9、根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。_8_ (wear) different colors can affect how you feel and how others react to you, so it is important to consider this when deciding _9_ to wear in the morning. If you want people to take you seriously, put on navy blue or black. Blue would also b

10、e helpful for an interview or oral examination because it relaxes you and makes you feel calm. Red gets you noticed by everyone and make you feel energetic, _10_be careful, as it can raise your heart rate and not everyone want this effect. So think carefully before you leave your house.【答案】8. Wearin

11、g 9. what 10. but【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了穿不同颜色的衣服带来的自我感觉，以及对别人如何看待你的影响，并进行了举例说明。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：穿不同的颜色会影响你的感受以及其他人对你的反应，所以在决定早上穿什么时，考虑这一点是很重要的。分析句子可知，“_1_ (wear) different colors”作主语用动名词形式，置句首单词首字母大写，故填Wearing。9题详解】考查疑问词+不定式。句意：穿不同的颜色会影响你的感受以及其他人对你的反应，所以在决定早上穿什么时，考虑这一点是很重要的。分析句子可知，空格处是“疑问词+不定式”作decidin

12、g的宾语，wear缺少宾语，结合句意，what“什么”符合题意，并作宾语，故填what。【10题详解】考查连词。句意：红色会让每个人都注意到你，让你感到充满活力，但是要小心，因为它可以提高你的心率，不是每个人都想要这种效果。根据句意，前后文是转折关系，故填but。第二节 选词填空（共6小题;每小题1分，共6分)阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从方框中选择适当的词填空，其中有两项为多余选项。conduct；created； despite；discovered；gained； influential；promising；thoughTu Youyou is the first Chinese fem

13、ale scientist who was awarded a Nobel Prize.She studied medicine and _11_ a deep knowledge about traditional practices, which enabled her to be chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria in 1969. With the idea that Chinese herbs might hold the secret, Tu Youyou and her team studied some r

14、elated literature and _12_ a lot of researches with limited resources. They used modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one.After hundreds of failed experiments, they eventually came across a _13_ chemical. Tu Youyou bravely volunteered to be the first human subject in the test

15、on humans. The chemical they _14_ artemisinin, has now become the worlds most effective drug for fighting malaria.As one of the most _15_ figures of science in the 20th Century, she is not interested in fame and she continues to do research today _16_ her age. What she did not only saved millions of

16、 lives, but also bridged the Eastern and Western worlds.【答案】11. gained 12. conducted 13. promising 14. discovered 15. influential 16. despite【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文。介绍了中国科学家屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖的事情以及她的科学研究。【11题详解】考查动词。句意：她学习医学，获得了对传统医学的深刻了解，这使她得以在1969年成立了一个团队来寻找治疗疟疾的方法。分析句子可知，空格处填动词作谓语，与studied并列，用一般过去时，由“She studied me

17、dicine”可推断，学习医学，因此获得了对传统中医的深刻了解。gain“获得”符合语境，故填gained。【12题详解】考查动词。句意：基于中草药可能会起作用，屠呦呦和她的团队研究了一些相关的文献，并在有限的资源下进行了大量的研究。分析句子可知，空格处填动词作谓语，与studied并列，用一般过去时，由“a lot of researches”并结合上文可推断，屠呦呦和她的团队研究文献并进行研究，conduct“进行”符合语境，故填conducted。【13题详解】考查形容词。句意：经过数百次失败的实验以后，他们最终发现了一种有前景的化学物质。分析句子可知，空格处填形容词作定语，由下文“Tu

18、 Youyou bravely volunteered to be the first human subject in the test on humans.(屠呦呦勇敢地志愿成为第一个人类实验对象)”可推断，这种化学物质是promising“充满希望的；有前景的”，故填promising。【14题详解】考查动词时态。句意：她们发现的这种化学物质青蒿素现在已经成为世界上抗击疟疾最有效的药物。分析句子可知，空格处是定语从句“they _4_ artemisinin”的谓语动词，由上文的“came across”可知，此处指他们discover“发现”的化学物质，根据上文语境可知，是过去发现的，

19、用一般过去时，故填discovered。【15题详解】考查形容词。句意：作为20世纪最具影响力的科学人物之一，她对声名不感兴趣，尽管年事已高，今天仍然继续做研究。分析句子可知，空格处填形容词作定语，根据上文的介绍可知，屠呦呦是influential“有影响力的”的科学人物，故填influential。【16题详解】考查介词。句意：作为20世纪最具影响力的科学人物之一，她对声名不感兴趣，尽管年事已高，今天仍然继续做研究。分析句子可知，空格处用介词，下文“her age”作介词宾语，根据句意，上下文是转折关系，故despite“尽管”符合语境。故填despite。第三节 完形填空（共12小题;每小

20、题1分，共12分)阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。“I was attacked by a tiger shark in October 1997. It was near my home on the island of Kanai. The waves were really good, so nothing was stopping us.” That was until large shark came right up under Mike and _17_ his teeth into Mikes lower leg. Thered b

21、een no splashing, no noise, and Mike felt no pain, only intense pressure on his _18_ body.As he tried to get himself free, the shark bit down harder, shaking its head back and forth and tossing Mike around like a doll. Mike hit the shark hard in the face, again and again until the shark _19_ him. As

22、 Mike swam back into shore, he felt his lower right leg spamming(痉挛); when he looked down, he realized it was _20_. The shark had bit his lower leg off. Mikes friends came to his aid immediately, and tried to control severe bleeding and rushed him to the hospital.When Mike opened his eyes, he realiz

23、ed he was in the hospital.During the next few weeks, Mike researched prosthetics (假肢) and considered the _21_. As soon as Mike was given the OK by his doctors, he did what many of us might consider _22_: he started riding the waves again. In fact, his first time back was near the site of his attack.

24、 But Mike was unshaken. Instead, he was curious-why was he attacked? Mike _23_ that the water had a fishy smell the morning of the attack. Was that what attracted the shark?His curiosity led him to research sharks, and while he never_24_ why he became a target, Mike did learn something that would ch

25、ange his life: Humans are far more _25_ to sharks than the other way around, Mike tells Readers Digest. “I watched a documentary called Sharkwater, and I learned about the _26_for shark fin soup and the fact that 70 million sharks a year are killed for their fins alone.”His unique situation as a sha

26、rk survivor empowered him to give sharks a _27_, Mike says. He began working with the Hawaii state legislature (立法机关)to help pass a _28_ on shark-related products.” I partnered with other like-minded shark attack survivors and marine biologists, and we headed to Washington to urge the government to

27、create a nationwide bill protecting sharks.”17. A. cutB. bitC. sankD. dropped18. A. upperB. lowerC. innerD. heavier19. A. releasedB. defeatedC. spottedD. replaced20. A. caughtB. stolenC. leftD. gone21. A. injuryB. futureC. careerD. event22. A. unimportantB. incorrectC. unthinkableD. immature23. A. p

28、rovedB. stressedC. recalledD. regretted24. A. puzzled overB. figured outC. cared aboutD. look into25. A. sensitiveB. friendlyC. riskyD. dangerous26. A. demandB. anxietyC. benefitD. value27. A. voiceB. challengeC. rightD. chance28. A. planB. testC. decisionD. ban【答案】17. C 18. B 19. A 20. D 21. B 22.

29、C 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. A 28. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了一次冲浪爱好者迈克在海中遇险，被鲨鱼咬掉了小腿。在迈克安装了假肢后，他不仅重返大海，继续冲浪运动，还从事起鲨鱼保护的公益活动。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到一条大鲨鱼游到迈克身下，咬住了他的小腿。A. cut切下；B. bit咬；C. sank陷入；D. dropped下降。根据“As he tried to get himself free, the shark bit down harder, shaking its head back and forth an

30、d tossing Mike around like a doll.”可知大鲨鱼咬住了迈克的小腿。sinkinto意思是陷入，形象生动地再现了鲨鱼悄无声息地把迈克的小腿置于自己锋利的牙齿间的情景。故选C。【18题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有喷溅，没有响声，迈克也没有感觉到疼痛，只有下半身受到强烈的压迫。A. upper上面的；B. lower下面的；C. inner内部的；D. heavier沉重的。根据“That was until large shark came right up under Mike and _1_ his teeth into Mikes lower leg.

31、”可知鲨鱼咬住了迈克的小腿，他自然是下半身受到强烈的压迫。故选B。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：迈克重重地打在鲨鱼的脸上，一次又一次，直到鲨鱼松开了他。 A. released放开；B. defeated打败；C. spotted发现；D. replaced取代。根据“As Mike swam back into shore, he felt his lower right leg spamming”可知在迈克不断地击打下，鲨鱼松开了他，迈克游回了岸边。故选A。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当迈克游回岸边时，他感到右腿痉挛； 当他往下看时，他发现它不见了。A. caught抓住

32、；B. stolen偷；C. left离开；D. gone不复存在。根据“The shark had bit his lower leg off.”可知他发现自己的小腿不在了。故选D。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几个星期里，迈克研究了修复术，并考虑了未来 。A. injury伤害；B. future未来；C. career生涯；D. event事件。根据“During the next few weeks, Mike researched prosthetics”结合下文他又去海边冲浪，可知迈克研究了修复术，并考虑了未来。故选B。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：医生

33、们一同意，迈克就做了一件我们很多人可能认为不可思议的事：他又开始冲浪了。A. unimportant不重要的；B. incorrect不正确的；C. unthinkable不能想象的；D. immature不成熟的。根据“he started riding the waves again. In fact, his first time back was near the site of his attack.”可知迈克被鲨鱼咬掉了小腿，还决定继续冲浪，这是人们无法想象的事情。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：迈克回忆起在袭击发生的那天早上，海水里有股鱼腥味。 A. proved证

34、明；B. stressed强调；C. recalled回忆；D. regretted后悔。根据“the water had a fishy smell the morning of the attack.”可知迈克在回忆被鲨鱼袭击的那天早晨。故选C。【24题详解】考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：他的好奇心促使他去研究鲨鱼，虽然他从未弄清楚自己为什么会成为目标，但迈克确实学到了一些改变他一生的东西:人类对鲨鱼的危险远超过鲨鱼对人类的危险，迈克告诉读者文摘。A. puzzled over努力思考；B. figured out想出，弄明白； C. cared about关心；D. look into调查

35、。根据“why he became a target”可知他从未弄清楚自己为什么会成为目标。故选B。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的好奇心促使他去研究鲨鱼，虽然他从未弄清楚自己为什么会成为目标，但迈克确实学到了一些改变他一生的东西:人类对鲨鱼的危险远超过鲨鱼对人类的危险，迈克告诉读者文摘。 A. sensitive敏感的；B. friendly友好的；C. risky冒险的； D. dangerous危险的。根据“I watched a documentary called Sharkwater, and I learned about the _10_for shark fin

36、soup and the fact that 70 million sharks a year are killed for their fins alone.”可知人类对鲨鱼的危险远超过鲨鱼对人类的危险。故选D。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看了一部名为鲨鱼水的纪录片，我了解到人们对鱼翅汤的需求，以及每年仅为了鱼翅就有7000万条鲨鱼被捕杀的事实。A. demand需求；B. anxiety焦虑；C. benefit好处；D. value价值。根据“and the fact that 70 million sharks a year are killed for their fin

37、s alone.”可知这里意思是人们对鱼翅汤的需求。故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：迈克说，作为鲨鱼幸存者，他独特处境赋予了他发言权。A. voice发言权；B. challenge挑战；C. right权利；D. chance机会。根据“He began working with the Hawaii state legislature (立法机关）to help pass a _12_ on shark-related products.”可知迈克为鲨鱼发声，即他的独特处境赋予了他发言权。故选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他开始与夏威夷州立法机构合作，帮助通过一项

38、关于鲨鱼相关产品的禁令。A. plan计划；B. test测验；C. decision决定；D. ban禁令。根据“on shark-related products”和“we headed to Washington to urge the government to create a nationwide bill protecting sharks”可知这里意思是帮助通过一项关于鲨鱼相关产品的禁令。故选D。第二部分:阅读理解（共两节，32分)第一节 阅读选择(共12小题;每题2分，共24分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWomen Who Chang

39、ed Science ForeverThis International Womens Day, were celebrating three women who changed the face of science forever.Ellen OchoaEllen Ochoa is an American engineer and retired astronaut. She was the first Latina woman to fly in space as part of the crew of the shuttle Discovery in 1993. Ochoa atten

40、ded San Diego State University and then continued her education at Stanford. Ochoa regards her mother, whose passion for learning kept her in part-time college courses all through Ochoas childhood, as an important influence on her career.At the end of her flying career, Ochoa had traveled nearly 1,0

41、00 hours in space. From 2012 to 2018, Ochoa served as the director of Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, only the second woman to head up NASAs human spaceflight headquarters.Mamie Phipps ClarkMamie Phipps Clark was an American social psychologist (心理学家), who specialized in child development in

42、 black children. Born in Arkansas, Clark drew on her early experiences as a black child in the segregated (种族隔离的) American South to help children growing up with the same iniquities.Clark stated at Howard University in 1934, and went on to complete a PhD in psychology. She and Kenneth, now her husba

43、nd, were the first two black people to earn PhDs at Columbia. With their funding, she started the famous Doll Test, which showed the negative effects of school segregation on black children.Anandibai Gopalrao JosheeAnandibai Jpshee was to become Indias first woman physician with a medical degree. Wh

44、en she was young, her father strayed (偏离) from the traditional Hindu belief that women should not receive education and encouraged her to go to school. When she was fifteen, she was determined to study medicine, a choice likely influenced by the loss of an infant son and surviving a serious illness

45、herself. At the Womans Medical College, Joshee studied devotedly, hoping to return to India to serve other Indian women.She died in February 1887 at the young age of twenty-one. Despite her short life, Joshees accomplishments were remarkable for an Indian woman, and her achievements were enough to o

46、pen the door for other Indian women to quickly follow.29. In Ochoas idea, what influences her most in her career?A. Her part-time job in a college.B. Her first flight in space in 1993.C. Her mothers desire for knowledge.D. Her experience in NASA headquarters.30. What is Phipps Clark famous for?A. Ha

47、ving a PhD in psychology.B. Fighting against racial discrimination.C. Starting the test on the growth of children.D. Devoting herself to the founding of equalities.31. What do the three great women have in common?A. They specialized in similar research fields.B. They all experienced inequality in ed

48、ucation.C. They were pioneers changing our belief in women.D They were scientists influencing our way of learning32. Which of the following word best describes the three women?A. Dedicated.B. Modest.C. Creative.D. Caring.【答案】29. C 30. B 31. C 32. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三位伟大的女性，讲述了她们的成就。【29题详解】细节理解题。根