新概念英语第三册 Lesson 54 知识点梳理 讲义.docx

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1、Lesson 54 Instinct or cleverness?wage wedv. 发动（战争等）wage war / a campaign / a struggle / a battle on / against The US waged war on Iraq without UN authorization.The government determined to wage a campaign against official corruption. declare war on be at war with Whenever the Italian city-states wer

2、e at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded.provocation prvkenn. 激怒, 惹怒at the slightest provocationHed fly into a rage at the slightest provocation. without provocationThe soldiers fired without provocation. They sting an

3、d bite without provocation. “voc” = “voke” 喊叫provokeprovocativeevokeevocationrevokerevocationHer license was revoked.revulsion rvlnn. 厌恶revulsion = disgust n. U a strong feeling of shock and very strong dislike 厌恶She looked at him with revulsion.He expressed his revulsion at / against / towards the

4、whale hunting.revolt v. to make someone feel unpleasantly shocked or disgusted 令人厌恶be revolted by We were revolted by the dirt and mess in her house. revolting adj. extremely unpleasant 令人厌恶的Picking your nose is a revolting habit.revoltrevolting repelrepellent repulserepulsive disgustdisgusting I wa

5、s repelled by the smell.The tourists were repulsed by the filthy conditions.He claimed to be disgusted by the amount of violence in the film. luscious ls adj. 美味的，甘美多汁的luscious adj. having a pleasant sweet taste or containing a lot of juice 美味的，甘美多汁的the luscious taste of ripe peachesa luscious and f

6、ragrant dessert wine deliciousappetizing heavenlytastefultasty yummyyuckydelicacyIf you lived in the Mediterranean, for instance, you would consider octopus a great delicacy.ingenuity ndnju:tin. 机灵，善于发明创造ingenuity n. U the ability to invent things or solve problems in clever new ways 机灵，心灵手巧， 善于发明创造

7、ingenious adj. having a lot of clever new ideas and good at inventing things 机灵的，心灵手巧的， 善于发明创造的Shes very ingenious when it comes to finding excuses.Johnny is so ingenious he can make the most remarkable sculptures from the most ordinary materials.“gen” = 创造；生育genegendergeneralgenerategenerationgenes

8、isgeniusgenuinepregnant bring sb. uphave been brought up to do 从小就The sad truth is that most of us have been brought up to eat certain foods and we stick to them all our lives.I have been brought up to believe that it is proper to make contributions to charity.And perhaps all those successful colleg

9、e graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better.do more harm than good 弊大于利Raising speed limits may do more harm than good. do harm / do ha

10、rm to The occasional piece of candy doesnt do you any harm.Exhaust fumes has done considerable harm to the environment. do sb. goodI think a trip to the beach would do us all a lot of good. in more ways than one 有不只一方面的含义Considering the amount she paid, he was dear in more ways than one! continually

11、continuouslyThese lights flickered continuously like traffic lights which have gone mad.Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold.be continually / always doingcontaminate v. to make sth. dirty,

12、 polluted, or poisonous by adding a chemical, waste, or infection污染Flies contaminate food.Industrial sewage continues to contaminate our beaches.carry v. if a person, animal, or insect carries a disease, they can pass it to other people or animals even if they are not ill themselves 携带病菌，传播疾病Many se

13、rious diseases are carried by insects.carrier 带菌者，病媒an AIDS carrier transmitsexually transmitted diseases contagiousinfectiouscatching catch Only two stray dogs benefited from all this confusion, for they greedily devoured what was left of the cake.Insects would make it impossible for us to live in

14、the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.They sting or bite without provocation; they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights, or beat against our lighted windows.uninvited adj. 未经邀请的an uninvit

15、ed guest / visitorA few people showed up / turned up uninvited at the party.lighted adj. 1. a lighted window, room etc. is bright because there is a light on inside 亮着灯的a lighted window / roomlighted adj. 2. a lighted candle, match etc. is burning at one end 点着的a lighted candle / matchWe live in dre

16、ad not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths.dread sth. / doingHe dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital. dreadful adj. 可怕的, 糟糕的All the things I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful mess. live in dread of 一直害怕I live in dread of losi

17、ng her love. stand in awe of 对充满敬畏You cant help standing in awe of powerful people.Who has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly, or a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle?Gifts poured in not only from unknown people, but from baby food and soap manu

18、facturers who wished to advertise their products.Shops cater for the do-it-yourself craze not only by running special advisory services for novices, but by offering consumers bits and pieces which they can assemble at home.This hobby educates one not only in the chosen subject, but also in general m

19、atters which have some bearing on it.dispel v. 驱散，打消dispel doubts / fears / worries / rumors / hesitations This brief experiment would dispel any further doubts you might have.Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society does nothing to prevent us from being filled with revul

20、sion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch.industrious: diligentAunt Harriet could not find words to praise Bessies industriousness and efficiency. industrial adj. 工业的, 产业的industrial revolution industrial workersdo nothing to do sth.not do anything to do sth.在某方

21、面根本没用造句：这些预防措施在阻止这种疾病蔓延方面没有任何作用。Precautions of this sort are necessary, prevent from 造句：这些预防措施在阻止这种疾病蔓延方面没有任何作用。The precautions did nothing / did not do anything to prevent the disease from spreading. do little to do sth.在某方面没多大作用do much / a lot / a great deal to do sth.在某方面有很大作用Though he was techni

22、cally a prizefighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game.be filled with be filled with anger / fear / dread / horror / joy / happiness / doubt / alarm / revulsion / admiration / remorse All at once, I noticed that my wife seemed to be fill

23、ed with alarm.No matter how much we like honey, or how much we have read about the uncanny sense of direction which bees possess, we have a horror of being stung.sense of direction / humor / danger / justice / pride / honor / accomplishment / responsibility /superiority / inferiority The sense of hu

24、mor is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics. He simply had no sense of danger at all.have a horror of = be afraid / frightened / scared of . She has a horror of cockroaches.She is afraid / frightened / scared of cockroaches.造句：我害怕开车是没有道理的, 但这种感觉无法消除。My fear of driving is unreasonable,

25、 but it is impossible to erase. fascinating adj. 迷人的fascinate vt. 迷住Cats never fail to fascinate human beings. fascinating adj. 迷人的fascinate vt. 迷 住 fascination n. 魅力，吸引力Cats never fail to fascinate human beings.Antique shops exert a peculiar fascination on a great many people. At the same time, how

26、ever, insects never fail to fascinate us.At the same time, however, insects exert a peculiar fascination on us.We enjoy reading about them, especially when we find that, like the praying mantis, they lead perfectly horrible lives.perfectly adv. completely used to emphasize what you are saying（用于加强语气

27、）完全， 非常，极其Its perfectly normal to feel like this.To be perfectly honest, I didnt want to go anyway.We enjoy staring at them, entranced as they go about their business, unaware (we hope) of our presence.entrance vt. 令人着迷，陶醉Im completely entranced by / with the music.The children sat silent on the car

28、pet, entranced by the puppet show. go about ones business做自己的事The villagers were going about their business as usual. go about sth.着手做某事I want to learn German but I dont know the best way to go about it. be (un)aware of He used to sleep during the day and work at night, quite unaware of the fact tha

29、t he had become the ghost of Endley.presence n. 出席，在场in the presence of sb. in sb.s presenceHarry is very thrifty, but in the presence of his friends he never shows this side of his life.造句：我在场时请别抽烟。Please dont smoke in my presence.Everything around him was full of her presence, continually reopenin

30、g the wound. His daughters presence seemed to fill her empty bedroom.Everything around me is full of his / her presence, continually reopening the wound. absence n. 不在场，缺席in the absence of sb. in sb.s absenceIn my absence he will be in charge.造句：在老师不在的时候，学生们都在忙自己的事。In the absence of their teacher, t

31、he students were all going about their business.Who has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly, or a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle?stand in awe (of .)（对）充满敬畏pounce on 猛扑向He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it

32、 with delight. column n. a long moving line of people or things（人或事物的）队伍a column of soldiers / refugees / tankstriumph n. 胜利，成功（的喜悦）；v. 获得成功，取胜There was a note of triumph in my voice when I told him that it was there in black and white.Arch of Triumphrhetorical question 修辞疑问句We often speak of tramps

33、 with contempt and put them in the same class as beggars, but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care?O, wind, if winter comes, can spring be far behind? P. B. ShelleyWho among us has not dreamed of that?What is t

34、he use of our studying grammar if we cant put the grammatical rules into practice? Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical than that of gunners using science toshatter mens bodies while, close at hand, surgeons use it to restore them? prize: valued; treasured; cherishedOne of Mar

35、ys prize possessions was a little white lamb which her husband had given her.The idea never appealed to me very much, but one day, after heavy shower, I happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a stroll on some of my prize plants.sheltered adj. 可避风雨的We found

36、a sheltered spot to have a picnic. survive vt. 经历而幸存A cats ability to survive falls is based on fact. severe adj. 严重的，严酷的，严厉的a severe injurya severe winterRecognizing who the customer was, the manager was most apologetic and reprimanded the assistant severely.produce v. 1. make, create 制造When you co

37、me to think about it, there are only four ways you can deal with rubbish: dump it, burn it, turn it into something you can use again, attempt to produce less of it.produce v. 2. to grow sth. or make it naturally 出产（农场品），产（仔）The tree produces fruit. A cow produces milk.A hen produces eggs.produce v.

38、3. if you produce an object, you bring it out or present it, so that people can see or consider it 出示，拿出Produce your ticket!They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket.She produced all sorts of weird concoctions, but none of them met with Harrys

39、requirements. cluster n. a group of things of the same kind that are very close together （密密匝匝的）一簇， 一团a cluster of red berriesbe to be found / heard / seen 能够被找到 / 看到 / 听到Such books are to be found in the library. Not a sound was to be heard.Not a soul was to be seen. be to do (fml.) 的四种用法1.打算2.命令3.

40、能够4.应该colony n. a group of animals or plants of the same type that are living or growing together（住在一起的）一群动物或植物a colony of ants a seal colonyThey were visited by a large colony of ants because the ants obtained a sort of honey from them. We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Nea

41、r East, where people first learned to write.We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, becausepeople first learned to write there.Dont sit on the chair because it has a broken leg. Dont sit on the chair which has a broken leg.I have to be very careful not to offend the man

42、ager because he could give me the sack at any time.I have to be very careful not to offend the manager who could give me the sack at any time.a sort of = a kind of 有些像的；般的We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines. In spite of this, the Italians regarde

43、d him as a sort of hero.Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.I immediately embarked on an experiment which, even though it failed to g

44、et rid of the ants, kept me fascinated for twenty-four hours.embark on / upon sth.Armed with the right tools and materials, newlyweds gaily embark on the task of decorating their own homes.get rid of 赶走，打发走It took me over half an hour to get rid of him.At the base of the gold cap, the words made in

45、the U.S.A had been nearly inscribed. scurry v. run with short quick steps 小步快跑The mouse scurried across the floor. bewilder v. 令人迷惑，令人晕头转向bewildering adj. 令人迷惑的，令人昏头转向的Films, videos, CDs and CD-ROMS are just some of the bewildering amount of information they will have.in bewilderment / confusion in

46、surprisein horror in despairin a panic I even went out at midnight with a torch and noted with satisfaction (and surprise) that the ants were still swarming around the sticky tape without being able to do anything about it.with satisfaction = satisfiedlyAfter consulting my railway timetable, I noted

47、 with satisfaction that there was an express train to Westhaven.with ease = easilyHis few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease.with delight = delightedlyHe had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight. with a smile = smilinglyBut it isnt perfume, I said. Its hair gel. Then I added with a smile, Its a strange mixture I mak e myself.with pride = proudlywith attention = attentively with