新概念英语第三册 Lesson 51 知识点梳理 讲义.docx

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1、Lesson 51 Predicting the futurenotoriously nt:rsladv. 臭名昭著地，（坏事）众所周知地notorious = infamous adj. famous or well-known for something bad臭名昭著的，（坏事）众所周知的a notorious criminal / area / bend in the road be notorious for The city is notorious for its bumper-to-bumper traffic. Predicting the future is notorio

2、usly difficult.The local bus service is notoriously unreliable. gain / achieve notoriety for / as She achieved notoriety for her affair with the senator. He gained a certain notoriety as a gambler.well-knownfamousnotednotable eminentcelebratedrenowned unknownlittle-knownobscuretechnician teknnn. 技术员

3、，技师technician n. someone whose job is to check equipment or machines and make sure that they are working properly 技术员，技师a laboratory technician a hospital technician“-ian” = specialistlibrarianhistorianmusicianelectricianmathematician physicianpediatricianuser-friendly ju:zfrendli: adj. 易用的，易理解的，易操作

4、的user-friendly adj. easy to use, understand, or operate 易用的，易理解的，易操作的a user-friendly interface / printerComputer programs have become more user-friendly.-friendly 1. suitable for particular people to use 易用的a user-friendly computer program a family-friendly restauranta customer-friendly shopping mal

5、l customer-friendly banking facilities-friendly 2. not harmful 无害的environment-friendly products ozone-friendly fridges alternative :lt:ntv adj. 另外的，其他的，别的alternative adj. （只作定语）different from something else and able to be used instead of it 另外的，其他的，别的an alternative plan / route / way alternative app

6、roaches to learning Have you any alternative suggestions? alternative n. 其他的选择Is there a viable alternative to the present system?If payment is not received within five days, legal action will be our only alternative. I had no alternative but to report him to the police.alternate adj. 1.（常作定语）(of tw

7、o things) happening or following one after the other 交替的，轮流的alternate blue and red stripes alternate triumph and despairPrivate cars are banned from the city on alternate days.alternate adj. 2.= alternative （只作定语）其他的，另外的，别的We cant get home tonight, because there are no alternate flights.I suggest yo

8、u have an alternate plan in case you are sick on that day.relieve rli:vv. 减轻，缓解或解除（痛苦，问题等）Drugs helped to relieve the pain.Reading helped to relieve the boredom while he was ill.The project is designed to relieve traffic congestion on the main routes into the city.relieve sb. of sth. to help sb. by

9、taking sth. heavy or difficult from them 替某人做某事，使某人免于Let me relieve you of some of your bags.The new secretary will relieve us of some of the paperwork., when they(computers) would relieve office workers and accountants of dull, repetitive clerical work.relief n. 宽慰，痛苦的缓解或解脱find a temporary relief p

10、ermanent reliefto my great reliefgive immediate relief from painWhat a relief it was when the boulders suddenly disappeared, giving way to a stretch of plainwhere the only obstacles were clumps of bushes.造句：众所周知，缓解 (relieve) 人口过剩问题非常困难。Relieving the problem of overpopulation is notoriously difficult

11、.造句：众所周知，改掉 (give up) 一个根深蒂固的 (deep-seated) 坏习惯非常困难。Giving up a deep-seated bad habit is notoriously difficult. 造句：众所周知，北京的交通拥堵问题非常严重。The traffic congestion in Beijing is notoriously serious.Who could have imagined, in the mid 1970s, for example, that by the end of the 20th century, computers would

12、be as common in peoples homes as TV sets?could have done: used to say that something was a possibility in the past, but did not actually happenI could have been killed.He could have escaped, but he chose to stand and fight. from mid July to mid Augustmid-morning coffee Mid-Autumn Festivala young wom

13、an in her mid-twenties midsummer / midwinteron Midsummer Eve in the early 1970s in the mid 1970sin the late 1970s造句：比方说，有谁能在 20 世纪 90 年代中期想象到，仅仅十年 (a mere decade) 之后，手机在中国和手表一样常见？Who could have imagined, in the mid 1990s, for example, that after a mere decade, mobile phones would be as common in Chi

14、na as watches?They dont know how to run a business .The company began as a small family business.Owners of small businesses will be hit hardest by these tax changes. big business n. U large and powerful companies in generalDoes big business have more control over our everyday lives than our elected

15、governments? so-called adj. 1. commonly called 所谓的（通常被称为的）Theyve found the flight recorder, the so-called black box.so-called adj. 2. incorrectly called 所谓的（错误地被称为的）His so-called friends betrayed him.mainframe n. a large powerful computer that can work very fast and that a lot of people can use at t

16、he same time 主机，大型机Mainframe computers were very large indeed, often occupying whole air-conditioned rooms, employing full-time technicians and run on specially-written software.indeed adv. used with very and an adjective or adverb to emphasize a statement or description的确，确实Most of the essays were

17、very good indeed. Thank you very much indeed.air-conditioned adj. 装空调的air conditioner n. 空调run v. if you run a machine or engine, you make it operate 操作，使机器运转I often run the washing machine more than once a day.Though these large machines still exist, many of their functions have been taken over by

18、small powerful personal computers, commonly known as PCs.take over sth. 接管，代替Military leaders took over the government.Computers can thus be built to take over almost any job wherea series of actions are repeated over and over again.be known as 被称为He soon made a name for himself and came to be known

19、 to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto. be commonly known as 常被称为The disease is commonly known as Mad Cow Disease.primitive adj. of or at an early stage of social development 原始的，上古的primitive culture / customs / tribesprimitive adj. simple and not modern 简单的，简陋的The local hospital care is primitive and u

20、nreliable.launch v. to make a new product, book etc available for sale for the first time 推出新产品，新书等The company hopes to launch the new drug by next October. The new model will be launched in July.He is going to launch his latest novel.Shortly after it was launched, the pie committee went to a local

21、inn to celebrate. describe as He described it as a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river.The old lady thought he was a fussy creature, but since the porter agreed with him, she rang up her daughter and asked for her help in what she descri

22、bed as a little spot of bother.point the way (to ) v. to show how something could change or develop successfully 指明了（ 的）方向It can properly be described as the first home computer and it pointed the way to the future. Recent medical discoveries are already pointing the way to more efficient vaccines.g

23、iant n. a very large and powerful organization 特大机构，大公司，巨头the multinational oil giants Japanese electronics giant SonyDOS Disk Operating System: the basic software in a computer that makes it work and allows you to use a program. It is usually used only in older computers. 磁盘操作系统copy = imitate v. to

24、 behave or do sth. in the same way as sb. else 模仿She copies everything her sister does.Their tactics have been copied by other terrorists.From those humble beginnings, we have seen the development of the user-friendly home computers and multimedia machines which are in common use today.humble adj. 1

25、. 谦虚的He was a genuinely humble man. humble adj. 2. 地位卑微的men of humble birtha humble occupationhumble adj. 3. simple and with only basic equipment or features 简单的，简陋的They lived in a humble two-roomed apartment.be in use: a machine, place etc. that is in use is being used（机器，场所等）在使用，得到使用Electric vehic

26、les built in 1920 were still in use in the 1950s.Ill be glad to see the building in use again.From those humble beginnings, we have seen the development of the user-friendly home computers and multimedia machines which are in common use today.So was born the echo-sounding apparatus, now in general u

27、se in ships.Considering how recent these developments are, it is even more remarkable that as long ago as the 1960s, an Englishman, Leon Bagrit, was able to predict some of the uses of computers which we know today.considering prep. & conj. in view of (the fact that); taking into consideration 考虑到，鉴

28、于 Considering the amount she paid, he was dear in more ways than one!Considering (that) hes only just started, he knows quite a lot about it.as long ago as =as early as 早在就As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather

29、pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.as long as 1. 长达It can take as long as eight days to rig up rope ladders and to establish supply bases before a descent can be made into a very deep cave.as long as 2. 只要 = so long as = provided = on condition (that)Anthropolog

30、y was by definition impossible, as long as these distinctions between ourselves and the primitive, ourselves and the barbarian, ourselves and the pagan, held sway over peoples minds.So long as theres something to identify, we will give people their money back.Bagrit dismissed the idea that computers

31、 would learn to think for themselves and would rule the world, which people liked to believe in those days.dismiss v. 1. to remove someone from their job 解雇，辞退The poor girl was dismissed instantly.dismiss v. 2. to refuse to consider sbs idea, opinion etc, because you think it is not serious, true, o

32、r important对不予理会，对不屑一顾The government has dismissed criticisms that the countrys health policy is a mess. do sth. for oneself 亲自，独立The following example of sick humour will enable you to judge for yourself.So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves, that we are becoming increasingly less

33、dependent on specialized labour.in those days 在当年，在当初In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for Prize money. these days 当今，现如今These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than clerks who work in offices.Bagrit foresaw a time when computers would be small enough to hold in

34、 the hand, when they would be capable of providing information about traffic jams and suggesting alternative routes, when they would be used in hospitals to help doctors to diagnose illnesses, when they would relieve office workers and accountants of dull, repetitive clerical work.foresee vt. (fores

35、aw, foreseen) 预 见 The disaster could not have been foreseen.Few analysts foresaw that oil prices would rise so steeply.The telephone rings and this marksthe prelude to an unforeseen seriesof catastrophes. foresight n. 远见，先见之明They had the foresight to invest in new technology.Such undertakings requir

36、e the precise planning and foresight of military operations. forethought n. 远虑，提前的思考With a little forethought many accidents could be avoided. forecast n. 预测，预报weather forecastforetell / predict v. 预言Precautions of this sort are necessary, for it is impossible to foretell the exact nature of the dif

37、ficulties which will confront the pot-holer.Considering how recent these developments are, it is even more remarkable that as long ago as the 1960s, an Englishman, Leon Bagrit, was able to predict some of the uses of computers which we know today.Timely snow foretells a bumper harvest. mark the prel

38、ude to sth. 预示The telephone rings and this marks the prelude to an unforeseen series of catastrophes. traffic jamstraffic congestion diagnose v. 诊断The test is used to diagnose a variety of diseases. diagnose sth. as The illness was diagnosed as cancer. diagnose sb. as / with She was diagnosed as / w

39、ith having diabetes.relieve sb. of sth. to help sb. by taking sth. heavy or difficult from them 替某人做某事，使某人免于Let me relieve you of some of your bags.The new secretary will relieve us of some of the paperwork.repetitive adj. done many times in the same way, and boring 重复性的repetitive work / tasks / job

40、sclerk n. 1. person employed in an office, a shop, etc to keep records, accounts, etc. 文书；办事员；事务员clerk n. 2. (AmE) assistant in a shop 店员，售货员clerical adj. of, for or made by a clerk or clerks 文书或办事员的routine clerical work administrative and clerical staffcommonplace adj. happening or existing in many

41、 places, and therefore not special or unusual寻常的，司空见惯的，不足为奇的Car thefts are commonplace in this part of town. Computers are now commonplace in primary classrooms. become commonplaceForeign vacations have become commonplace. regard sth. as commonplaceSuch actions were regarded as commonplace during th

42、e war.Of course, Leon Bagrit could not possibly have foreseen the development of the Internet, the worldwide system that enables us to communicate instantly with anyone in any part of the world by using computers linked to telephone networks. cant / couldnt possibly used to emphasize that you cannot

43、 do sth., or that sth. cannot or could not happen or be done（强调）不能或不可能I cant possibly allow you to go home in this weather. She couldnt possibly have heard what was said.possibly 经常与 can / could 连用以表示“尽全力”的意思，后跟动词时常用 can / could possibly + 动词，后省略动词时常用 possibly can / could。No matter what the conditio

44、ns were, he believed that a car should be driven as fast as it could possibly go.Shes done everything she could possibly think of to help.We shall be contributing as much as we possibly can to the campaign. Doctors did everything they possibly could to save his life.instant communication 即时交流沟通IM (i

45、nstant messaging): a type of service available on the Internet that allows you to quickly exchange written messages with people that you know 即时通讯Nor could he have foreseen how we could use the Internet to obtain information on every known subject, so we can read it on a screen in our homes and even

46、 print it as well if we want to.Nor is the city without its moments of beauty. smaller and smallercheaper and cheaper more and more powerful increasingly powerful ever more powerfulThis is what makes Leon Bagrits predictions particularly remarkable.If he, or someone like him, were alive today, he mi

47、ght be able to tell us what to expect in the next 50 years. “疑问词 + to do”可以视为名词性从句的缩略形式1、相当于宾语从句They will hardly know which facts to select from They will hardly know which facts they should select from , he might be able to tell us what to expect in the next 50 years. , he might be able to tell us what we should expect in the next 50 years. 2、相当于主语从句Who to turn to is what she wants to know. Who she should turn