动词不定式的用法归纳讲稿.ppt

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1、关于动词不定式的用法归纳第一页，讲稿共五十三页哦不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、宾补、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式不定式第二页，讲稿共五十三页哦1.作主语作主语2.作宾语作宾语3.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语4.作定语作定语5.作状语作状语6.作表语作表语7.作独立成分作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用第三页，讲稿共五十三页哦1 不定式作主语不定式作主语 (subject)

2、To see is to believe.To keep smiling is healthy for you.Its important to learn English well.若不定式太长若不定式太长,往往用往往用itit作形式主语作形式主语,不定式后置。单不定式后置。单个不定式作主语时个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数形式谓语动词用单数形式。Early to rise and early to bed is a good habitWhen and where to hold the party hasnt been decided.When to ho

3、ld the party and where to hold the party _been decided.havent第四页，讲稿共五十三页哦2.作宾语v1)不定式作宾语的动词有许多，如want,decide,intend,expect,learn,manage,plan,promise,refuse,threaten,fail,wish,hope,pretend,choose等等。vI mean to go there at once.vI hope to finish the work in time.vI plan to go to Beijing this summer.v2).不

4、定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式宾语。句型为“主语+find(feel,think,believe,consider,etc)+it+形容词/名词+to do sth”。vI think it our duty to obey the laws.vI found it difficult to see him here.第五页，讲稿共五十三页哦3)不定式用在介不定式用在介词词but,except,后后时时,如果如果这这些介些介词词前有前有行行为动词为动词do的各种形式的各种形式,那么介那么介词词后的不定式不后的不定式不带带to,相反相反则带则

5、带to.(1).She could do nothing but cry.(2).There is nothing to do but wait.(3).I have no choice but to go.第六页，讲稿共五十三页哦3作表语v不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示解释或表将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job.vTo teach is to learn.vMy job is to help the patient.vMy ambition is to become a teacher.vThe old man s

6、eems to be sick.v【注意】如果在主语中（通常在主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中）有实意动词do时，作表语的动词不定式省略to。vAll I want to do now is fill my stomach.第七页，讲稿共五十三页哦4作宾语补足语He asked me to go with him.He didnt allow me to go out alone.【注意】在感官动词（see,hear,feel,listen to,notice,watch,observe等）和使役动词let,have，make 后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但这类句子变成被动语态时，必须带to。

7、I saw him play in the park.He was seen to play in the park.The boss made those men work day and night.Those men were made to work day and night.I heard her sing today She was heard to sing today 第八页，讲稿共五十三页哦1.something,anything,nothing,everything,no one 等不定代词或名词后常用不定式做后置定语。e.g.I have something to sa

8、y.He is not a man to tell lies.We all have a chance to go to college.(5).定语与被修与被修饰词饰词之之间间有有动宾动宾关系，如不定式是不及物关系，如不定式是不及物动词动词，则则需加介需加介词词。Can you give some paper to _(write)?I have no jewelry to _(wear).He is looking for a room to _(live).He needs a friend to _(play).There are three pairs of shoes for yo

9、u to _ (choose).write on wearlive inplay withchoose from动宾关系动宾关系 主谓关系主谓关系同位关系同位关系第九页，讲稿共五十三页哦2.当名词被the first,the last,the only 等词以及形容词最高级修饰时 eg:She is always the first to come and the last to leave.第十页，讲稿共五十三页哦6.作状语v不定式作状语时，可表示目的，原因，结果或条件。如;不定式作目的状语时，常可与to,in order to,so as to 连用。vI came here to see

10、 you.（目的）（目的）vHe got up early so as not to be late.v不定式可以跟在表语的形容词之后作状语。vThe question is difficult to answer.。第十一页，讲稿共五十三页哦不定式作结果状语常用如下句型vThe room is big enough to hold us.vIt is such a big room as to hold us.vHe is so kind as to help us.v such+（形容词）名词（形容词）名词+as to do sth v so+形容词形容词/副词副词+as to do st

11、h vHe hurried to the school to find nobody v there.（结果）（结果）vHe is too old to lift the box.第十二页，讲稿共五十三页哦3.表示原因表示原因:不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。等。eg:Im glad/pleased to see you.We were surprised to h

12、ear the news.第十三页，讲稿共五十三页哦(4).独立结构作状语独立结构作状语to be frank,to be honest(with you),to make things worse,To tell(you)the truth,I dont agree with you.类类似的似的结结构构第十四页，讲稿共五十三页哦(8)不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say.How to solve the problem is very important.My qu

13、estion is when to start.注意：注意：在与在与whywhy连用时，只用于连用时，只用于whywhy或或why notwhy not开头的简短疑开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带toto。Why not have a rest?第十五页，讲稿共五十三页哦(9)不定式的省略不定式的省略 (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词省略该动词.e.g.:-Would you like to go with me?-Yes,Id like to.(2).不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构,be

14、不可省不可省.(3)I didnt tell him the news.Oh,you ought to have(told him the news).e.g.:-Would you like to be a teacher?-Yes,Id like to be.第十六页，讲稿共五十三页哦1.It is good to help others.2.It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings.3.My ambition

15、 is to work in the computer industry when I grow up.Identify its function.(subject)(subject)(predicative)想一想想一想第十七页，讲稿共五十三页哦4.I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.5.I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake.6.A big company has decided to buy it from me.7.My fellow stud

16、ents have begun to accept me for who I am.(attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)第十八页，讲稿共五十三页哦8.I have had to work hard to live a normal life.9.Some days I am too tired to get out of bed.10.We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people.(adverbial)(adverbial)(object

17、complement)第十九页，讲稿共五十三页哦第二十页，讲稿共五十三页哦1.I dont know whether you happen _,but Im going to study in the USA this September.(2004 辽宁）辽宁）A.to be heard B.to be hearing C.to hear D.to have heardQuiz II Multiple Choice第二十一页，讲稿共五十三页哦2.This company was the first _ portable radios as well as cassette tape reco

18、rds in the world.(2005 上海春）上海春）A.producing B.to produce C.having produced D.produced第二十二页，讲稿共五十三页哦3._ this cake,youll need 2 eggs,175g sugar and 175g flour.(2006 广东）广东）A.Having made B.Make C.To make D.Making第二十三页，讲稿共五十三页哦4.I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good _.(2008 全国卷

19、全国卷)A.to be breathed B.to breathe C.breathing D.being breathed第二十四页，讲稿共五十三页哦5.Did the book give the information you needed?Yes.But _ it,I had to read the entire book.(2008 北京卷北京卷)A.to find B.find C.to finding D.finding第二十五页，讲稿共五十三页哦Passage1.1.filled pany(keep sb company)3.myself 4.whether ing 6.that

20、/which 7.With 8.saw 9.the pletelyPassage2.1.like 2.them 3.before 4.are being polluted 5.wonder 6.and 7.an 8.strictest 9.to take 10.that/whichPassage3.1.crowded 2.But 3.an 4.eating 5.who/that 6.going .Besides/Moreover ments 9.recommended 10.whateverPassage4.1.It 2.viewers 3.to 4.But 5.which 6.perform

21、ed 7.the 8.highlighting 9.excited 10.Though/AlthoughPassage5.1.lost 2.a 3.must 4.that/which 5.because 6.worse 7.to stay 8.in/with 9.saying 10.were rescued第二十六页，讲稿共五十三页哦Passage6.1.grew 2.As 3.called 4.successful 5.how 6.that/which 7.what 8.organization 9.her 10.thePassage7.1.the 2.it 3.but 4.exactly

22、5.embarrassing 6.was taking 7.parking 8.when 9.should 10.time Passage8.1.it 2.was asked 3.saying 4.a 5.only 6.physically 7.who 8.strengths 9.whether 10.importantPassage9.1.their 2.useless 3.to make 4.be inspired 5.a 6.playing 7.weight 8.Besides/Moreover 9.that 10.So第二十七页，讲稿共五十三页哦Passage10.1.were tra

23、ined 2.until peting 4.different 5.generally 6.which 7.them 8.with 9.ancestors 10.ThePassage11.1.is created 2.The 3.actually 4.from 5.would（虚拟）6.to figure 7.idea 8.waiting 9.than 10.while/butPassage12.1.introducing 2.problem 3.of 4.to accept 5.a 6.paid petitive 8.when 9.higher 10.that/which第二十八页，讲稿共五

24、十三页哦一一.结构结构:to do (否定否定)not/never to do 二二.时态与语态时态与语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-第二十九页，讲稿共五十三页哦不定式的时态不定式的时态 不定式的一般式不定式的一般式 to dov I am glad to see you.v He has decided to give her some money.v They

25、are discussing the meeting to take place tomorrow.表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作 或状态同时或者几乎同时发生，或是或状态同时或者几乎同时发生，或是 在它之后发生。在它之后发生。第三十页，讲稿共五十三页哦不定式的进行式不定式的进行式to be doingI am very glad to be working with you.He pretended to be working hardwhen his boss passed him.He is said to be studying in America.表

26、示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。作同时发生。第三十一页，讲稿共五十三页哦不定式的完成式不定式的完成式 to have done He happened to have seen the film before.He is believed to have studied in America.不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作或状态之前。或状态之前。第三十二页，讲稿共五十三页哦uHe wanted to have met you at the airport,but he didnt get there in time.表

27、示过去没有实现的期待或者计划表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划hoped,promised,wanted,wished,expected,planned不定式的完成式不定式的完成式 to have doneuHe would like to have played theviolin at the concert.不定式的完成式在不定式的完成式在would like后边表示后边表示未能实现的愿望。未能实现的愿望。第三十三页，讲稿共五十三页哦Exercises:1.Robert is said _(study)abroad,but I dont know what country he will s

28、tudy in.2.Robert is said_(study)abroad,but I dont know what country he is studying in.3.Robert is said _(study)abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.第三十四页，讲稿共五十三页哦不定式的语态不定式的语态主动语态主动语态 to do 被动语态被动语态 to be doneIt is an honor for me to be invited to attend the meeting.The next thing to be

29、done is to get our classroom painted.The novel is believed to have been translated into Chinese.He is said to have been praised.第三十五页，讲稿共五十三页哦 The question is very difficult（for me)to answer.The problem is difficult to deal with.He is hard to talk to.The air is hard to breathe.1.主语主语be+adj.+to do 能用

30、于此句型的形容词有能用于此句型的形容词有:difficult,easy,fit,hard,pleasant,tiresome(使人疲劳的使人疲劳的),comfortable,interesting,nice,heavy,dangerous,light,important,etc.一般一般认为形容词后省去了认为形容词后省去了for sb.主动形式表被动意义的不定式主动形式表被动意义的不定式9）不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式，多数情况下是容易判断的，但有时的确比较复杂第三十六页，讲稿共五十三页哦The box is light enough to carry.The river water is

31、warm enough to swim in.2.主语主语+be+adj.+enough+to do The books seemed too heavy to carry.The ice is too thin to skate on.3.主语主语+be +too+adj.+to do第三十七页，讲稿共五十三页哦在在there be结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式。调的事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式。There is a lot of

32、work to do.（Somebody has to do the work.）There is a lot of work to be done.（The work has to be done.）第三十八页，讲稿共五十三页哦不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。如：Have you got a key to unlock the door?(A key unlocks the door.)不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。I have got a letter to write

33、.(I write letter.）He needs a room to live in.（He lives in a room.）第三十九页，讲稿共五十三页哦当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。如：不定式一般要用被动形式。如：He asked to be sent to work in the countryside.It is possible for our hopes to be realized.Do you have anything to wash?Do you have anyt

34、hing to be washed?Do you have anything to be sent to Shanghai?第四十页，讲稿共五十三页哦几对易混淆的词组：几对易混淆的词组：stop to do sth.停下来去做某事停下来去做某事 doing sth.停止做某事停止做某事forget to do sth.忘记去做某事忘记去做某事 doing sth.忘记已做了某事忘记已做了某事remember to do sth.记得去做某事记得去做某事 doing sth.记得曾经做某事记得曾经做某事mean to do 打算做某事打算做某事 doing 意味着意味着try to do 尽力做

35、尽力做 doing 试着做试着做consider to be 认为。是认为。是 doing 考虑做某事考虑做某事cant help do 不能帮着做某事不能帮着做某事 doing 忍不住做某事忍不住做某事第四十一页，讲稿共五十三页哦1.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating2.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to fi

36、nish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone3.Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer.A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having invented第四十二页，讲稿共五十三页哦4.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking5._ l

37、ate in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having sleep6.The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A.dont make B.not make C.not making D.not to make第四十三页，讲稿共五十三页哦7.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning9.The boy wanted

38、 to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not to ride D.do not to第四十四页，讲稿共五十三页哦10.I dont know whether you happen _,but Im going to study in the USA this September.A.to be heard B.to be hearing C.to hear D.to have heard11.The purpose of new technologies is to

39、 make life easier,_ it more difficult.A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.dont make12.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects第四十五页，讲稿共五十三页哦13.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ wheth

40、er they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.see14.It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A.it what to do with B.what to do with it C.what to do it with D.to do what with it第四十六页，讲稿共五十三页哦1 爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2 据说他已经完成了他的工作。据说他

41、已经完成了他的工作。He is said _.3 根据报道他们已安全到达。根据报道他们已安全到达。They are reported _.To love and to be lovedto have finished/completedhis work翻译下面的句子翻译下面的句子to have arrived safely第四十七页，讲稿共五十三页哦4 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。I want this bike _.5 玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了。玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了。Mary seemed _.6 众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一

42、枚 金牌。金牌。He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympics.to be repaired at onceto have been told about itto have been given/immediately第四十八页，讲稿共五十三页哦10不定式符号不定式符号to的保留问题的保留问题 有时为了避免重复，可以用有时为了避免重复，可以用to来代替前面的不定式，来代替前面的不定式，这种情况常出现下列动词后：这种情况常出现下列动词后：expect，prefer，care，mean，forget，want，wish，hope，try以及以及be glad

43、/happy等后。等后。如果在省略的不定式结构中含有如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be，have，have been，这些词要保留，这些词要保留。如：。如：Are you on holiday?No,but Id like to be(on holiday).I didnt tell him the news.Oh,you ought to have(told him the news).Do you want to take a walk with me?Yes,Im glad to.第四十九页，讲稿共五十三页哦 Thank You Good bye!第五十页，讲稿共五十三页哦5定语v1、不定

44、式与被修饰的名词往往构成逻辑上的关系。如名词为不定式的逻辑主语，构成主谓关系；若名词为逻辑宾语，则构成动宾关系；v He is not a man to tell liesto tell lies.v There will not be enough space to stand in to stand in on the earth.on the earth.v2、作定语的不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，不定式动词又是不及物动词时，应在该动词上加上一个介词，如;vHe has a nice pen to write withto write with.vHe is looking for

45、 a room to live into live in.vHe is said the best way to travel by is on to travel by is on footfoot.第五十一页，讲稿共五十三页哦在在there be结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式。的事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式。There is a lot of work to do.（Somebody has to do the work.）There is a lot of work to be done.（The work has to be done.）请注意下面两个句子的含义是不同的：请注意下面两个句子的含义是不同的：There is nothing to do.（无事可做，感到十分乏味。（无事可做，感到十分乏味。）There is nothing to be done.（某东西坏了，无法使（某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常。）之恢复正常。）第五十二页，讲稿共五十三页哦感感谢谢大大家家观观看看9/26/2022第五十三页，讲稿共五十三页哦