湖南省2013年高考英语二轮复习 题型技法指导专题二 完形填空.doc

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1、2013年高考第二轮复习英语湖南版题型技法指导专题二完形填空一真题试做(2012湖南高考)“Whats it like to have a gap between your teeth？”a girl asked me one day.Nobody had ever _36_ before.My hand unconsciously rose to cover my mouth.But，as she looked at me，sincerely waiting for _37_，I realized she was not trying to be rude.“I never think ab

2、out it，”I truthfully replied.She nodded and turned away.I was left wondering if people _38_ me and saw only gappy teeth.Later that day at home，I began to _39_ my teeth again.I felt upset.I thought my life would be somehow better if my teeth were not gappy.How I wanted the perfect teeth that everyone

3、 else seemed to have!Of course，Mom _40_ everything.She has lived her entire life with gappy teeth，and tried to convince me that there was nothing to _41_.When I refused to listen，she told me I could get the surgery to close the gap if it was that important.“Lets be _42_，though，”she said.“If everyone

4、 got surgeries to become pretty，everyone would be exactly the same.There is beauty in differences.”Her _43_ made me consider my teeth seriously.The thought of losing my gap was more terrible than the reality that people were going to notice it.I realized how important it was to me.It is part of my _

5、44_.Nowadays many people do ridiculous things to realize their dream of “perfection”The _45_ is that no one is perfect.When all potential for ugliness is removed，so is all of the potential for _46_.So if that girl ever asked about my teeth _47_，I would truthfully answer，“You know？Its really cute.”36

6、A.facedBguessedCasked Dimagined37A.an offer Ban answerCa suggestion Da result38A.heard of Bthought ofCtalked about Dlooked at39A.consider BbrushCcover Dappreciate40A.admitted BnoticedCcontrolled Dchanged41A.worry about Bput offCgive up Dwipe out42A.friendly BlovelyChonest Dhelpful43A.words BjokesCdr

7、eams Dacts44A.ability BdecisionCgoal Didentity45A.possibility BpurposeCtruth Dchoice46A.courage BwisdomCkindness Dbeauty47A.once BagainCtoo Dinstead考向分析完形填空题对考生们来讲一直是难度较大的语言能力测试题，但同时也被认为是当今比较可行的、能较好体现学生能力的英语测试题。它要求考生能够去领悟一篇不完整文章的语篇大意，根据已学知识，整体理解、通篇考虑，推导“未知”内容。它具有主观性测试和客观性测试的双重优点。它既可以在篇目中考查学生的英语基础知识即

8、语法和词汇知识；又可以考查学生运用所学语言知识的能力，如词义辨析、词语搭配、习惯用法、语言交际，文化背景和社会风俗等等，同时还要求学生具备良好的把握上下文行文逻辑和整个篇章结构的能力。考生必须在一定的时间内读懂全文，把握作者意图，推断文章内涵，然后根据上下文语境，从整体上把握文章的内在逻辑关系，结合所学的语言知识和各种常识选出适合语境和文义的词语。分析近几年湖南省高考试题，可以发现完形填空具有以下特点：一、选用文章特点近几年来，湖南完形填空题的难度保持相对稳定，考查主要立足语篇，强调语言运用能力以及通过上下文的暗示理解文章的能力。近五年高考完形填空题特点：1)所选文章难度与高中教材难度大致相同

9、。2)文章内容贴近生活，易于理解；有一个主题，内容多为夹叙夹议的感悟性文章和叙事性文章。3)短文的选材更加灵活，题材更加广泛，而且时代信息越来越强；更加贴近现实生活。例如：2008年湖南卷的完形填空是一篇充满生活气息的回忆性的短文，作者描写了读小学时与好友一起度过的一个生活片段。所选的文章题材生活化，富有一定的哲理，整体难度适中。整篇文章充满了浓浓的温情，读起来让人感到亲切，考生易于理解和接受。2009年湖南卷文章的选材还是一篇记叙文，以第三人称的口吻记叙了Johnny不擅长跳舞，遭人嘲笑，抬不起头羞于见人，后来由于手风琴拉得好而深受鼓舞。启示考生要认识到自己的长处。20个小题的设计以实词为主

10、，考点分布如下：动词8个，名词4个，形容词2个，副词2个，介词、连词各2个。遗憾的是，经过命题者的删减和改写，考生在这篇文章个别题目的两个选项间可能难以取舍。如第39题的 Aexpected 与D.chosen及第 50题的A.Struggling与B.Trembling。2010年湖南卷的完形填空是一篇作者自述一次冒险经历的文章。作者的狗领着作者沿着一条他们不熟悉的小路散步，结果好不容易才回到家。但从冒险经历来看，作者断定他的狗一定知道回家的路。它只是喜欢探险新的路径罢了。考点分布如下：动词5个，名词3个，形容词3个，副词1个。2011年湖南卷完形填空部分的文章采用了“人与人之间的情感交流”

11、的和谐类文章，类似的故事情节在往年真题和模拟题中出现了许多次。从考查词汇的角度上看，在新课改的单词要求下，选项中出现了以往的完形填空题目中没有重点要求过的新单词，但是与之配合考查的词汇都是以往出现过很多次的，考生应该可以根据每个单词的详细考点加以排除。完形填空的考点是高中的核心词汇，所以在平时的练习中一定要注意高频词汇的积累，对于这些常考词的词性、词义和用法要有准确的把握。随后的填词题也是送分题型之一。其中设空大部分为代词、介词以及连词，所以考生在直接读文章的时候就不会受到太大干扰，对全文的理解也会比较到位。考点分布如下：动词6个，名词3个，形容词2个，副词1个。除44,45小题较困难外，整体

12、上难度适中，建议考生多做历年完形填空真题，熟悉巩固考查点与做题法。2012年湖南卷完形填空文章依旧是常见的记叙文。主要讲述了牙齿缝隙过大给作者带来的烦恼和启示。文章及选项无难词，考点比较固定。12道题目的分布为：名词题5道，动词题4道，短语题1道，形容词、副词题各1道。由于名词题居多，所以实际上和往年相比降低了整体难度。该部分设题避免了纯粹的语法考题或不读上下文就能知道答案的固定搭配等非语境类题目，所有试题均需根据语句或语段间的上下文进行理解推断，部分试题需在全篇理解的基础上进行推理判断，考生能得出正确答案主要是依靠掌握的语法知识和形成的理解能力，而非从题海战术中获得的经验，这也是全面考查考生

13、基本知识和能力的重要表现。二、设置空白特点1)近几年湖南高考完形填空题第一句话都没有设空，其目的是给学生提供阅读入门的基本信息。短文中设空的平均间距在1015词之间。2)每小题所给出的4个选项一般都属于相同的词类或同一范畴；干扰项也多半可以和空前或空后的文字形成搭配，从而起到一定的干扰和迷惑作用。3)在布空设题方面设计独具匠心，以实词为主，虚词为辅，重点是动词、形容词、名词和连接词，副词、介词、冠词考查较少。4)选项具有有效性和干扰性，充分体现语言知识灵活运用的特征。完形填空立足语篇，考查考生通过上下文暗示对语意、语境、语篇的深层次理解，并在掌握文章主旨大意的基础上，正确理解句与句、段与段之间

14、内在联系的能力。历年所选的文章题材均生活化，富有一定的哲理，易于考生理解和接受。三、湖南卷完形填空能力考查的主要体现1)句子层次(2012湖南高考)She nodded and turned away.I was left wondering if people _38_ me and saw only gappy teeth.38A.heard of Bthought ofCtalked about Dlooked at解析：句子层次属于完形填空最简单的设题方式。考查的通常是一些固定搭配，或根据所在的句子就能得出正确答案。38.答案D：她点了点头然后走开了，把作者扔下独自思索是不是人们只看到

15、作者的有着大缝隙的牙齿。根据句中的“saw only gappy teeth”可知此处表示“看，打量”。其他选项hear of“听说”；think of“想到，想起”和talk about“谈论”均与题意不符。2)句组层次(2012湖南高考)“Whats it like to have a gap between your teeth？” a girl asked me one day.Nobody had ever _36_ before.My hand unconsciously rose to cover my mouth.But，as she looked at me，sincerel

16、y waiting for _37_，I realized she was not trying to be rude.36A.faced BguessedCasked Dimagined37A.an offer Ban answerCa suggestion Da result解析：句组层次比句子层次从难度上提高了。因为仅仅根据所在句子往往解决不了问题，必须联系上下句，甚至更多的句子才能得出答案。36.答案C：根据第一句中的“a girl asked me”可知，此处作者主要想表达以前没有人“问”过自己这个问题。37.答案B：作者的手无意中抬了起来盖住了嘴巴，但是她却看着作者，诚心盼着给予答

17、复，根据下文的“I truthfully replied”可知，此处表示“一个答案”，所以B项正确。3)语篇层次(2012湖南高考)When I refused to listen，she told me I could get the surgery to close the gap if it was that important.“Lets be _42_，though，” she said.“If everyone got surgeries to become pretty，everyone would be exactly the same.There is beauty in d

18、ifferences.”42A.friendly BlovelyChonest Dhelpful解析：语篇层次是完形填空题命题的较高层次，这个层次的题难度较大，做题时需要具备很强的阅读理解能力以及逻辑推理、判断分析的能力。这类试题所占的比例有逐步增加的趋势。42.答案C。承接上文可知，母亲劝说作者，如果感觉这很重要可以进行手术以改变现状，但是还是希望作者活得真实一点。根据上下文，如果通过手术都能达到美的效果，那么每个人都是一模一样的了。美在于与众不同。由此可知C项正确。4)词汇辨析能力(词的基本用法、词的搭配和习惯用语、同义词/近义词/形似词的区分)。完形填空的考查角度是在文章理解基础上的词义

19、辨析，近几年湖南卷的完形填空用到了多种词义辨析手段，如利用构词法中的派生法辨析词义等，这对今后的词汇学习是有启示的。 解题步骤1跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。先跳过空格，通读短文，获得整体印象，弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。要在理解短文的基础上判定选择，切忌仓促下笔。2结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文的基础上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，联系上、下文内容，注意从上下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示，以词、句的意义为先，再从句子结构入手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等方面综合考虑，对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项，初步选定答案。3瞻前顾后、先易

20、后难、各个击破。动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。对答案比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，可以降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。 4复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。完成各道题后，把所选的答案“代入”原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查，看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。 解题技巧1看清上下文，找准定位词充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选

21、择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。(2012湖南高考)Later that day at home，I began to _39_ my teeth again.I felt upset.I thought my life would be somehow better if my teeth were not gappy.How I wanted the perfect teeth that everyone else seemed to have!39A.considerBbrushCcover Dappreciate解析：A回家后，作者开始思考自己的牙齿，心情沮丧。根

22、据下文的 “I thought.”可以看出，此处表示作者的内心感受，所以选择A项consider“思考”。其他选项brush“刷”；cover“覆盖”和appreciate“欣赏，感激”均与题意不符。2寻求上下逻辑，从容确定关系这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系以及对比关系等。(2011湖南省部分重点中学联考题)It has been many years since I was last in London _ I still remember something that happened during that visi

23、t.Aand BforCbut Das解析：C根据空格前的“It has been many years.”和句后的still remember可知应选表示转折关系的连词but。3通顺逻辑，寻求搭配注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。(2011湖南高考)However，when I had to _39_because I stupidly forgot my book，I noticed she had just finished packing them up by herself.39A.come out Bsta

24、nd byCgo back Dturn up解析：C考查短语。根据文意，作者因为忘记了拿书，所以又回来了。4扎实基础，理清辨异(2011湖南省部分重点中学联考题)Soon I heard a _ like that of a door burst in and then a climb of feet.Asound BcryCvoice Dshout解析：A选项 B、C、D 的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音，而sound则表示各种各样的声音。因此答案是A项。5了解生活常识，确定相关知识(2011湖南省十二所重点中学联考题)Immediately the officers jumped into

25、 their cars and rushed to the_ hospital.Aanimal BbiggestCplant Dnearest解析：D在这样的紧急情况下，人们的第一反应是到最近的医院就医，因此答案为D项。6利用语法知识选出正确选项完形填空的有些选项是从语法结构要求上设计的。语法包括两大部分：词法和句法。词法涉及各种词性的形式和用法等；句法涉及句子结构，如句子的成分、语序以及句子的种类等。在做完形填空题时，应首先以句子为单位，运用所学的语法知识做出分析和判断。(2011湖南省部分重点中学联考题)I did very badly at school.My headmaster th

26、ought I was _36_ and when I was 14 he said，“Youre never going to be _37_ but a failure.”36A.bright BuselessCsimple Dhopeful37A.anything BsomethingCeverything Dnothing解析：37.A如果说第36空是根据上下文意思来做的话，那么第37空考查的就是纯语法知识，即anything用于否定句中。7总体运用语篇知识完形填空测试内容还包括篇章结构和推理判断能力。这些答案的选择，起关键作用的是上下文的关系；也就是说，对短文的理解是非常重要的，这类

27、题型所占的比例较大，且难度也大。若从单句或“局部”来分析，所给的四个答案在语法或结构上都是正确的，若放在全局，则不一定正确。考生必须通过部分上下文甚至全文才能选出正确的答案来。 8高度重视首尾点睛法完形填空的第一句话通常不会设空，并常常是全篇的主题句。我们要抓住这一特点，抓住主题句，从中找出文章所谈论事情的when，where，who，why，what 等5个W以及规模、范围、性质及有关的论点和主张，如2005年湖南卷完形填空的第一句是：“When I was thirteen，my family moved from Boston to Tucson，Arizona.”从这句中我们可以对事情

28、发生的时间、地点、人物、事件都有了大致的了解。若注意文章的最后一句，我们会发现它通常不设空，而且往往会告诉我们事情的结果、推出的结论、事件的反响，或是概括全文等，如一篇完形填空文章的最后一句：“However，a wellbalanced diet will usually meet all the bodys vitamin needs.”，这就告诉我们如何满足身体对维生素的需求，也给考生很多的提示。如：维生素对身体很重要，饮食中含有维生素等等。文章最后一句常常会给我们以很大的启发，从头再看时，相信有些原本不懂的地方就容易多了。 误区警示一、文章大意易错点(2009湖南高考)“Its no

29、use，Mum，” said Johnny.“Im just no good at dancing.”“Youve got to keep trying.Tonight will be_36_，dear.Try a turn with that pretty Lisette.”Adifficult BtroublesomeCdifferent Dterrible【错误透析】 C全文首句“Its no use，Mum，” said Johnny.“Im just no good at dancing.”就是文章的主题句，说明了文章的大意。结合全文大意应选C项。【解题指导】 考生在做此类题时容易忽

30、视文章大意。应该在把握文章大意的基础上，对文章进行整体了解，避免做了后面的题目后才发现和前面的内容冲突或矛盾。二、情感态度易错点(2010湖南高考)Beans is a white dog，quite handsome and very _38_.He not only understands what we tell him，but also often makes sounds as if he were trying to _39_ back.38A.smart BsweetCslow Dshy【错误透析】 Asmart“聪明的”；sweet “甜美的”；slow“慢的”；shy“害羞的

31、”。根据下一句 “He not only understands what we tell him，but also often makes sounds as if he were trying to _39_ back.”可推断Beans是聪明的。 【解题指导】 考生在做此类题时容易忽视作者的情感态度，盲目理解文章大意。三、上下文关系易错点(2012湖南高考)So if that girl ever asked about my teeth _47_，I would truthfully answer，“You know？Its really cute.”47A.once BagainCt

32、oo Dinstead【错误透析】如果那个女孩再问“我”有关牙齿的问题，“我”会真实地告诉她，这很可爱。与开头相呼应，此处表示再一次，所以用again。四、逻辑关系易错点(2009湖南高考)Johnny_37_.Every Saturday night used to be the best of the week.37A.answered BsighedCsmiled Dlaughed【错误透析】 B由下句“每个周六的晚上曾是一周中最好的时光”及上文说到Johnney并不擅长跳舞，可知那晚要做的事让他很无奈，故选sigh“叹息”。【解题指导】 考生在做此类题时，要合理理解文章的内容，正确地把

33、握文章的逻辑关系。逻辑关系主要涉及原因、时间、条件、转折等方面。只要考生弄明白文章中的关键词以及逻辑关系，就能轻松地确定正确答案。五、基本常识易错点(2012湖南高考)Nowadays many people do ridiculous things to realize their dream of “perfection”The _45_ is that no one is perfect.When all potential for ugliness is removed，so is all of the potential for _46_.45A.possibility Bpurpo

34、seCtruth Dchoice46A.courage BwisdomCkindness Dbeauty【错误透析】45.C当今许多人做傻事以求达到“完美”，事实是人无完人。possibility“可能性”；purpose“目的”；truth“事实，真相”；choice“选择”。根据句意可知C项符合语境。46.D如果所有潜在的丑的东西都被清除了，那么所有美的东西也不复存在了。与ugliness相对的自然是beauty。【解题指导】 考生在做此类题时，要在了解短文主要意思的基础上结合基本常识来进行解题。平时在学习时应当注意知识的积累，加强跨学科知识的融合。多阅读，多体会，注意中西文化的差异，掌握

35、一名合格的中学生应具备的基本常识。1(2012湖南岳阳一中一模)On a Friday night，a poor young artist stood at the gate of the subway station，playing his violin.Attracted by the great music，many of the passersby _1_ their paces and put some money into his hat.The next day，the artist came again.Different from the day before，he took

36、 out a large piece of paper and laid it on the ground.Then he _2_ the violin and began playing.The paper said，“Last night a gentleman named George Sang put an important thing into my hat by mistake.Please come to _3_ it soon.”It caused a great excitement among the _4_ and people wondered what it cou

37、ld be.After about half an hour，a middleaged man hurriedly ran there.“Yes，its you.You did come here.I knew that youre an honest man and would certainly come here.”The young violinist asked _5_，“Are you Mr.George Sang？” The man nodded.“Did you lose something？” “Lottery (彩票)Its lottery，” said the man.T

38、he violinist took out a lottery ticket on which George Sangs name was seen.“Is it？” he asked.George nodded at once and _6_the lottery ticket and kissed it.The story turned out to be this：George Sang bought a lottery ticket.The awards opened yesterday and he won a _7_ of $500,000.He was so happy，but

39、when he took out 50 dollars to put in the hat，the lottery ticket was also thrown in.The violinist was a student at an Art College and has planned to attend _8_ studies in Vienna.He has booked the ticket and would fly that morning.However he cancelled the _9_ and came back to wait.Later someone asked

40、 the violinist：“At that time you were in need to pay the _10_ and you had to play the violin every day to make the money.Then why didnt you _11_ the lottery for yourself？” The violinist said，“Although I dont have much money，I live happily；but if I lose honesty I wont be happy forever.”Through our li

41、ves，we can gain a lot and lose so much，But being _12_ should always be with us.If we act in a dishonest way，we may succeed in a short period.However，from the longterm view，we will be a loser.1A.sped upBfastened upCslowed down Dkept up with2A.adjusted BadoptedCperformed Dregulated3A.look BclaimChear

42、Dlike4A.circumstance BenvironmentCsurroundings Dcrowd5A.calmly BangrilyCcarelessly Dindifferently6A.looked BtoreCseized Dsaw7A.price BprizeCpraise Dsalary8A.interested BskilledCdeveloped Dadvanced9A.flight BtripCtrain Dstudy10A.show BrentCtuition Dtravel11A.leave BholdCbring Dkeep12A.warmhearted Bho

43、nestChonored Dkindhearted2(2012湖南蓝山二中测试)When I was young，my father used to grow carnations (康乃馨)His carnations were red，pink and white.Everyone who saw them admired them for their beauty.He took care of them with so much love and _1_.Every day he came home from work，he went straight to see them.He _

44、2_ watching them every day.We kids did too.But he used to tell us，“No one should touch my flowers.” One day my younger sister，who loved my dad very much，had wanted to help him and she_3_ the carnations from their stems (枝干) one by one and arranged them _4_.She believed that he would be very _5_ to s

45、ee them that way.When mom and I realized what my sister had done，we became completely hopeless.However，my sister had no idea why no one showed her any appreciation.When my dad arrived，he went _6_，straight to see the flowers.When he saw his flowers lying on the floor like dead animals，he was _7_ at first.He looked towards the street，to see if it was any of the _8_ children who could have done it.Then he entered the living room and looked at mom in silence.Finally mom，who always taught us to _9_ no matter w