专题25 人与社会之科技与创新---2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）（测）（含答案解析）.docx

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1、人与社会之科技与创新（测）满分：50得分阅读理解（每小题2分，共16）A （2021 .山东潍坊.高三月考）Voice cloning is when a computer program is used to generate a synthetic（合成的）,adaptable copy of a persons voice. From a recording of someone talking, the software is able to then copy his or her voice speaking any words or sentences that you type

2、 into a keyboard.Such have been the recent advances in the technology that the computer generated audio （音频）is now said to be shockingly exact. The software can pick up not just your accent一but your timbre （音质），pace, flow of speaking and your breathing. And the cloned voice can be adjusted to expres

3、s any required emotionsuch as anger, fear, happiness or boredom.Voice cloning can also be used to translate an actors words into different languages, therefore potentially meaning, for example, that US film production companies will no longer need to hire additional actors to make sound-copied versi

4、ons of their movies for overseas distribution.Yet despite its obvious commercial potential, voice cloning has also led to growing concerns that it could be used in cyber （网络）crimeto trick people that someone else is talking. And cyber security expert Eddy Bobritsky says there is a “huge security ris

5、k that comes with the synthetic voices. In fact, such a case was reported by the Wall Street Journal in 2019, with a UK manager said to have been tricked into transferring 190, 000 to cyber-criminals who used a cloned copy of the voice of his German boss.Therefore, steps to deal with this new techno

6、logy and the threats it brings with it need to be made. And firms around the world are in fact already doing this. Such companies can monitor audio to see if it is fake, looking fbr tell-tale signs like repetition, digital noise, and the use of certain phrases or words. Meanwhile, governments and la

7、w agencies are also looking at the issue. Last year, the EU urged its member states to make significant investments in technologies that can detect deepfakes.1. How far has voice cloning gone?A. An accent can be changed randomly.B , Speech features of a person can be copied exactly.C. Words and sent

8、ences typed can be recognized easily.D. Computer-generated audios can record emotions accurately.bring Rosie along.n They werent just best friend. Actually, Rosie looked up to Lilo and started learning how to live her best with Lilo. With time going by, the ever poor fragile kitten gradually came to

9、 life, becoming fearless and strong.【解析】本文以故事的发展为线索展开，Thoa Bui是当地的动物爱好者。这些年来，她拯救了许多动物。当一只可 爱的小猫被发现独自在她同事的房子旁边时，她的心都碎了。所以索亚立刻把她带回家。这只小猫“又瘦又 脏，快要死了:当Thoa把她心爱的宠物哈士奇利洛带进房间时，罗西的一切都改变了。L段落续写：由第一段首句内容“一天，Thoa带利洛出去，把罗西留在家里。”可知，第一段可描小猫罗西一个人在家 时发生的事情。由第二段首句内容“她决定带着两个小家伙一起出去，利洛和罗西！”可知，第二段可描写哈土奇利洛和小 猫罗西出去之后发生的事

10、情。2 .续写线索：留小猫一个人在家一一小猫不开心作者想办法带小猫和哈士奇一块出去小猫开心 小猫茁壮成长。3 .词汇激活行为类回家：come back home/go back home/return home想起/想出：thought of /come up with认为：consider/regard情绪类.伤心：sad /grieved.无畏的/大胆的：fearless /daring【点睛】高分句型 1. Thoa noticed that the ever abandoned little kitty, which had just gained warmth and love in

11、 her eyes, seemed obviously sad once again.（由连接词that引导的宾语从句作noticed的宾语以及关系代词which引导 的非限制性定语从句）高分句型 2.With time going by, the ever poor fragile kitten gradually came to life, becoming fearless and strong.（with复合结构作状语）2. How does voice cloning benefit film companies?A. It popularizes their movies.B. I

12、t reduces production costs.C. It expands overseas markets.D. It trains their amateur actors.3. What does the underlined phrase “huge security risk“ mean in paragraph 4?A. Voice cloning can be used illegally.B. Employees have doubts on their bosses.C. People are forced to commit a crime.D. Synthetic

13、voice loses its commercial value.4. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. The porcedures to detect a fake cloned voice.B. The urges to increase investment in voice cloning.C. The methods to improve the quality of cloned voice.D. The measures to prevent negative effects of voice cloning.【答案】1. B

14、2. B3. A4. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要是以声音克隆技术为话题的，一款语音克隆软件已经发展到可以识别 人的声音特点且可以进行情绪等的调整，同时还可以将语音翻译成不同的语言。但是，这种高科技也存在 弊端，有可能被非法利用。因此从技术开发公司，到政府有关部门必须采取措施应对这种新技术及其带来 的威胁。1 .细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“The software can pick up not just your accent一but your timbre, pace, flow of speaking and your breathing. And the cloned voi

15、ce can be adjusted to express any required emotion-such as anger, fear, happiness or boredom.（这款软件不仅能识别你的口音，还能识别你的音色、语速、说话的流畅度 和呼吸。克隆的声音可以调整，以表达任何需要的情绪，如愤怒、恐惧、快乐或无聊。广可知，语音克隆软 件已经发展到可以识别人的声音特点且可以进行情绪等的调整，即，一个人的语音特征可以准确地复制。 故选B项。2 .细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“Voice cloning can also be used to translate an actors

16、words into different languages, therefore potentially meaning, for example, that US film production companies will no longer need to hire additional actors to make sound-copied versions of their movies for overseas distribution.（声音克隆还可以用 来将演员的话翻译成不同的语言，因此，例如，这可能意味着，美国电影制作公司将不再需要雇佣额外的 演员来制作他们的电影的声音拷贝

17、版本，以便在海外发行。广可知，声音克隆软件可以将演员的话翻译成不 同的语言，从而帮助电影制作公司省去雇佣额外演员制作声音拷贝版本的费用，节省成本。故选B项。3 .词义猜测题。分析可知，后文“In fact, such a case was reported by the Wall Street Journal in 2019, with a UK manager said to have been tricked into transferring 190, 000 to cyber-criminals who used a cloned copy of the voice of his Ge

18、rman boss .（事实上，华尔街日报在2019年报道了这样一个案例，据说一名英国经理被骗向 网络犯罪分子转移了 19万英镑，这些网络犯罪分子使用了他德国老板声音的克隆副本。广是对划线短语“huge security risk”的事实举例，由此可知，声音克隆软件有可能被非法利用，存在着很大的安全隐患。因此，“huge security risk”应是表达“安全风险”含义，与选项A“Voice cloning can be used川egally.（语音克隆可以被非法使 用。户表达含义相同。故选A项。4 .主旨大意题。通过阅读文章最后一段可知，该段首句Therefore, steps to

19、deal with this new technology and the threats it brings with it need to be made.（因此，必须采取措施应对这种新技术及其带来的威胁）”揭示了该段 的中心要义，即，该段的内容主要是关于如何防止声音克隆负面影响的。故选D项。B （2021江西高三月考）The negative impacts of plastic have been well-documented. Half plastics produced annually worldwide end up in landfills or the environme

20、nt. Now, French start-up Carbios wants to help relieve the worlds plastic pollution problem with a bacterial enzyme （细菌酶）that digests PETthe most plentiful plastic used to produce packaging, and plastic bottlesand turn it into its chemical building blocks. The resulting material can be used to creat

21、e anything and, more importantly, can be continuously recycled.Mechanical recycling is limited J explains Carbios CEO Martin Stephan. To make a plastic bottle with that technology, you need a plastic bottle as an input material. After several cycles of recycling, the plastic is of lower quality and

22、can only be used for something like the backing of a carpet before it is thrown away entirely. So ifs not a solution for plastics, whereas our solution is a limitless recycling solution.The companys search for the ideal plastic-eating bacteria began about a decade ago, with 100000 promising candidat

23、es. The list was soon cut down to one, which was first discovered in 2012. Once the perfect competitor had been identified, Carbios scientists began to improve its plastic digesting power and keep its table at 65 the ideal temperature for fast degradation （降解）.The improved enzyme was able to downgra

24、de a ton of plastic in less than 10 hours.To breakdown the plastic, the waste is placed in are actor with water and the enzyme and heated for 16 hours at 65 . The resulting mix is then purified. This allows for the recovery of the building blocks that makeup PET plastics.The recycling process, which

25、 is currently in its pilot stage, will be tested on a large range by 2021. Carbios hopes to launch the technology commercially in the near future. Though Carbios9 recycling technique will certainly help reduce plastic pollution, it is only part of the solution. Only if people do a better job of ensu

26、ring plastic waste ends up in a recycling can, can we win the battle.5 . Whafs Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. The reason for collecting materials.B , The effective solutions for plastic waste.C. The drawbacks of mechanical recycling of plastics.D. The characteristics of a new plastic-making technique.6

27、. Whafs the first step towards the new plastic recycling technique?A. Find a bacteria efficient at breaking down plastic.B. Identify the ideal temperature for fast degradation.C. Gather as much plastic as possible.D. Place plastic in a reactor.7. What does Carbios expect of their new technology?A. I

28、tll be environmentally friendly.B. Itll reduce their production costs.C. Itll go into the experimental stage.D. Ifll bring about profits.8. Whafs the best title for the text?A. Garbage Sorting Benefits the Whole WorldCarbios has Developed an Plastic-Eating EnzymeCarbios: a Pioneer in Protecting Natu

29、rePlastic Pollution: a Serious Problem【答案】5. C6. A7. D8. B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了 Carbios公司发明的一种新型的可以分解PET的细菌酶来帮助缓解 世界塑料污染问题。5 .主旨大意题。根据第二段内容尤其是第一句中的“Mechanical recycling is limited （机械回收有限）”可知， 本段主要介绍了机械回收塑料的弊端。故选C。6 .推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的“The companys search for the ideal plastic-eating bacteria began about

30、 a decade ago （大约十年前，该公司开始寻找理想的食用塑料的细菌）”可知，这个公司十年前就一直在寻找 能分解塑料的细菌；根据第三句中的“Once the perfect competitor had been identified, Car bios scientists began to improve its plastic digesting power （一旦确定了完美的竞争对手，Car bios的科学家们就开始提高它的塑料 消化能力）”可知，在找到这种可以分解塑料的细菌后，这家公司才开始开展其他的工作。由此可推知，找到一种高 效分解塑料的细菌是回收技术的第一步。故选A。7

31、 .细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句Carbios hopes to launch the technology commercially in the near future. （Carbios希望在不久的将来将这项技术商业化。）“可知，Carbios公司希望在不久的将来能够将这项技术商业化，即依靠它带来收益。故选D。8 .主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Now, French start-up Carbios wants to.The resulting material can be used to create anything and, more importantly, can be c

32、ontinuously recycled.（现在，法国初仓企业 Carbios 希望通过一 种细菌酶来帮助缓解世界上的塑料污染问题，这种酶可以消化pet一生产包装和塑料瓶所用的最丰富的塑 料一一并将其转化为化学成分。由此产生的材料可以用来创造任何东西，更重要的是，可以持续回收。）” 可知，文章介绍了 Carbios公司发明的一种新型的可以分解PET的细菌酶，它将被用来帮助缓解世界塑料污 染问题。故B项“Carbios公司研制出了一种可以分解塑料的细菌酶”是本文的最佳标题。故选B。完形填空（2021 广东实验中学高三月考）（每小题1分，共15分）The concept of solitude （

33、独处）in the digital world is almost non-existent. In the world of digital technology, e-mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be 1. Solitude can be hard todiscover once it has been given up. In this respect, new technologies have 2 our culture.The desire to be connect

34、ed has brought solitude to a（n） 3 as we*ve known it. People have become so _ 4 in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted even if theyd rather not be. Today we can talk, text, e-mail, chat and blog, not only from our 5, but from our mobile phones as well.Most developed

35、nations have become 6 on digital technology simply because theyve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not 7 it would make them an outsider. Also, many jobs and careers require people to be 8 From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work. Being reachable might feel like a

36、9 to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who 10 wants it. Computers can be shut down and mobile phones can be turned off. The ability to be connected and on has many 11，aswell as disadvantages. Trave

37、lers have ended up 12 on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel 13 and forced to answer unwanted calls or 14 to unwantedtexts.Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society 15 across generations. Some find todays technology a gift. Others consider i

38、t a curse. Regardless of anyones view on the subject, its hard to imagine what life wouldbelike without daily advancements in technology.1. A. updated2. A. respected3. A. edge4. A. sensitive5. A. media6. A. bent7. A. finding8. A. connected9. A. pleasure10. A. slightly11. A. aspects12. A. hidden13. A

39、. trapped14. A. turn15. A. vary【答案】1. C2. B3.15. AB receivedB. shapedB , stageB , intelligentB , computersB. hardB. usingB , trainedB. benefitB. hardlyB , weaknessesB. lostB. excitedB , submitB , ariseC4. D5. B6. D7.C. sharedC , ignoredC. endC , considerateC databasesC. keenC. protectingC - recommen

40、dedC. burdenC merelyC advantagesC. relaxedC. confusedC. objectC- spreadB8. A9. CIO. Dll.D. collectedD. preservedD. balanceD. reachableD. monitorsD. dependentD. changingD. interestedD. disappointmentD. reallyD. exceptionsD. desertedD. amusedD. replyD. existC12. B13. A14. D【解析】本文为议论文。独处理念在当今数码世界几乎不复存在

41、，新技术使我们连接成了一个社会，并塑 造了我们的文化。能够被连接在一起既有优势也有弊端。不管人们对这一话题持何种态度，如果没有日常 技术进步，很难想象生活会是什么样子。L考查动词词义辨析。句意：在数字技术、电子邮件、社交网络和在线视频游戏的世界里，信息意味着共享。A.updated 更新；B.received 接收；C.shared 分享；D.collected 收集。根据上一句The concept of solitude （独 处）in the digital world is almost non-existent. ”可知，独处理念在数码世界几乎不存在，因此信息的意义在于 分享。故选C

42、。2 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：从这方面来说，新技术塑造了我们的文化。A.respected尊重；B.shaped塑造; C.ignored 忽视；D.preserved 保护。根据下文 From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work. 可知，新的技术塑造了我们的文化。故选B。3 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都知道，渴望与世界联系的欲望，已经让孤独走到了尽头。A.edge边缘;.stage 舞台；C.end 结束；D.balance 平衡。短语：bring an end to”使结束，结合句中 The d

43、esire to beconnected可知，联系的渴望使孤独走向尽头。故选C。4 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在网络和联系的世界里，人们变得如此容易联系，即使他们不想被联系，也 经常可以被联系到。A.sensitive敏感的，善解人意的；B.intelligent有才智的；C.considerate体贴的；D. reachable 可到达的。根据句中 connections that one can often be contacted even if they*d rather not be 可知,即使人们不想 被联系，也可以被联系到。所以网络使得联系变得触手可及。故选D。5 .考查名词词

44、义辨析。句意：今天，我们不仅可以通过电脑，也可以通过手机谈话、编辑短信、发邮件、聊 天和写博客。A.media媒体；B.computers电脑；C.databases数据库；D.monitors监视器。结合句中we can talk, text, e-mail, chat and blog,可知我们可以通过电脑和手机进行聊天等功能。故选B。6 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大多数发达国家之所以依赖数字技术，仅仅是因为他们已经习惯了数字技术， 在这一点上，不使用数字技术将使他们成为局外人。A.bent弯曲的;B.hard辛苦的;C.keen渴望的;D.dependent 依靠的 o be/beco

45、me dependent on对依赖”,根据下文 From this point of view, technology has changed theculture of work,可知此处指多数发达国家对技术是依赖的。故选D。7 .考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.finding发现；B.using使用；C.protecting保护；D.changing改变。结合 句中it would make them an outsider,将被视为是局外人，可知此处指不使用技术，故选B。8 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：而且，许多工作和职业需要人们联系在一起。A.connected连接，联系；B.trai

46、ned 训练；C.recommended 推荐；D.interested 使感兴趣。结合前文 People have become so 4 in the world of networks可知，此处指工作和职业需要人们联系在一起。故选A。9 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对那些可能不想总是能够被联系上的人来说，随处可及可能感觉像个负担。A.pleasure 乐事；B.benefit 益事；Cburden 负担；D.disappointment 令人失望的事。根据句中 those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times可知，不

47、想总是能够被联系的人被联系了，对他们而言就是一种负 担。故选C。10 .考查副词词义辨析。句意：我认为积极的一面是，对于真正想独处的人来说，独处仍然是可能的。A.slightly 轻微地；B.hardly 几乎不；C.merely 仅仅；D.really 真地。根据下文 Computers can be shut down and mobile phones can be turned off.可知，此处指若真的要想独处是完全可能的。故选D。11 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：能够被联系上既有优势也有弊端。A.aspects方面；B.weaknesses弱点；C.advantages优势；D.ex

48、ceptions例外。根据下文as well as disadvantages可知此处指有许多优点。故选Co.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：旅行者最后迷失在大山上，手机挽救了无数的生命。A. hidden藏起来的；B.lost迷路的；C.relaxed放松的；D.deserted丢弃的。end up done/adj./doing”以告终（为结局）结合句中 on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives 可知，此处指旅行者在山中迷路。故选 B。13 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们还会让人们感到被困，被迫接不想接的电话或回不想回的短信。A.trapped 被困的，受限制的;B.excited感到兴奋的;C.confused困惑的；D.amused愉快的。结合句中forced to answer unwanted calls可知此处指手机也会使人感到被限制了。故选A。14 .考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.turn转身；B.submit提交；C.object反对；D.reply回应。根据前文 answer unwanted cal