高考语法复习专题十： 虚拟语气.docx

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1、高中语法专题： 虚拟语气一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用条件句分为真实条件句与虚拟条件句。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，从句与主句都用陈述语气。If it doesnt rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic.虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，从句与结主句皆用虚拟语气。条件从句主句与现在事实相违背过去式（动词是be用were）should / would/could/might + 动词原形 与过去事实相违背had + 过去分词should / would/could/might + have +过去分词与未来事实相违背1) sh

2、ould + 动词原形2) were + 动词不定式3) 过去式（动词是Be也可以用were）should / would/could/might + 动词原形1. 与现在事实相违背 If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic. / If he came here, he might be able to help you. 2. 与过去事实相违背 She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. If she hadnt called me, I would have o

3、verslept this morning. 3. 与未来事实相违背 If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French. （事实是：我现在已经老了，明年我学不了法语了。）注意：虚拟过去式有时并不表示“不大可能实现的假设”，而是表示一种希望或不希望发生的动作。If we caught the early train, wed get there by lunch time.(表希望)If we missed the train, we should have to wait an hour

4、at the station.（表不希望）4. 混合型的条件句 （从句与主句所表的时间不一致）较多见的是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。He would pass the test if he had taken my advice如果他（之前）听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 注意：从句如果是If I were.，主句则可用任何时间的虚拟。If I were not busy, I would have come. 假如我不忙，我就会去了

5、。(were表过去)If I were you, I would go. 假如我是你，我会去的。(were表现在)二. 连词if的省略如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，把were，had和should放到从句主语前面去，多见于书面语。Had you not helped me， I should have failed.要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。Should they attack us, well wipe them o

6、ut completely. 假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。三. 含蓄条件句虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况。1) 条件暗含在短语中。But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. (暗含在分词短词but for your help) What would I have done without you? 如没有你，我会怎么办呢？(条件暗含在介词短语without you 中)2) 条件暗含在上下文中。You might stay h

7、ere forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。(可能暗含if you wanted to) We would have succeeded. 我们本来是会成功的。(可能暗含if we had kept trying)四. 不用if引导的条件从句虚拟条件句中的条件从句除用if引外，还可用when, unless, suppose, as if, in case 等词语来引导。Unless I were well, I wouldnt be at school. 除非我好了，否则我不会上学。Suppose you were given a chance to study in America ,

8、would you accept? In case I forget , please remind me of my promise 如果我忘了，请提醒我的诺言。专项练习：1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _ the book from which it was made.A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. are reading2.You are late. If you _ a few minutes earlier, you _ him.A. come; would meetB

9、. had come; would have met C. come; will meet D. had come; would meet3.The two students talked as if they _ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been4.It is important that I _ with Mr. Williams immediately. A. speakB. spoke C. will speak D. to speak5.He looked as if he _ i

10、ll for a long time. A. was B. Were C. has been D. had been6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _.A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hours C. have lied there for two hoursD. have lain there for two hours7.I wish that I _ with you last night. A. went

11、B. could go C. have goneD. could have gone8.Lets say you could go there again, how _ feel? A. will youB. should you C. would you D. do you9.I cant stand him. He always talks as though he _ everything. A. knew B. knows C. has knownD. had known10._ the fog, we should have reached our school. A. Becaus

12、e of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for11.If you had told me in advance, I _ him at the airport.A. would meetB. would had met C. would have met D. would have meet12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_ me how.A. teaches B. will teach C. has taughtD. w

13、ould teach13.I would have told him the answer, had it been possible, but I _ so busy then. A. had beenB. were C. was D. would be14.Hes working hard for fear that he _.A. should fall behindB. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fallen behind15.If it _ another ten minutes, the game would have been

14、 called off. A. had rainedB. would have rained C. have seenD. rained16.He suggested that they _ use a trick instead of fighting. A. shouldB. would C. do D. had17.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there. A. not wentB. wont go C. not goD. not to go18.I would have gone to

15、 the meeting if I _ time. A. had hadB. have had C. hadD. would have had19.Would you rather I _ buying a new bike?A. decided againstB. will decide against C. have decided D. shall decide against21.Why didnt you buy a new car? I would have bought one if I _ enough money. A. hadB. have had C. would hav

16、e D. had had22.If she could sew, _.A. she make a dress B. she would have made a shirt C. she will make a shirt D. she would had made a coat23._ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves24.His doctor suggested that he _ a short trip ab

17、road. A. will takeB. would take C. takeD. took25.The Bakers arrived last night. If theyd only let us know earlier,_ at the station.A. wed meet them B. well meet them C. wed have met them D. weve met them26.If I _ you, I _ more attention to English idioms and phrases.A. was; shall payB. am; will pay

18、C. would be; would pay D. were; would pay27.We might have failed if you _ us a helping hand.A. have not givenB. would not give C. had not given D. did not give28.The law requires that everyone _ his car checked at least once a year. A. has B. had C. have D. will have30.Had I known her name, _A. or d

19、oes she know mine?B. and where does she live? C. she would be beautiful. D. I would have invited her to lunch.31.He has just arrived, but he talks as if he _ all about that. A. know B. knowsC. knownD. knew32.If I _ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car. A. possessed B. owned C. hadD. had

20、had33.He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _ to the meeting. A. would comeB. came C. would have comeD. will come34.The librarian insists that John _ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed.A. will takeB. took C. takeD. takes35.I left very early last night,

21、 but I wish I _ so early.A. didnt leave B. hadnt left C. havent left D. couldnt leave37.I wish that you _ such a bad headache because Im sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.A. hadnt B. didnt have had C. hadnt had D. hadnt have38.He insisted that we all _ in his office at one oclock.A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be39.Helen couldnt go to France after all. Thats too bad. Im sure she would have enjoyed it if _.A. shes gone B. shell go C. shed gone D. shed go