山东省2013年高考英语二轮复习 专题整合突破九 并列句和复合句.doc
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1、-1-20132013 年高考第二轮复习英语山东版年高考第二轮复习英语山东版九、并列句和复合句九、并列句和复合句真题试做真题试做1(2012 山东高考,25)It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card inthis store.AhowBwhetherCwhatDwhy2(2012 山东高考,27)He smiled politely _Mary apologized for her drunkenfriends.AasBifCunlessDthough3(2011 山东高考,23)Find ways to praise your chi
2、ldren often,_ youll findthey will open their hearts to you.AtillBorCandDbut4(2011 山东高考,26)Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer,which is _he never finishes anything.AthatBwhenCwhereDwhy5(2011 山东高考,32)The old town has narrow streets and small houses _ arebuilt close to each other.AtheyBwhereCwha
3、tDthat6(2010 山东高考,26)Before the sales start,I make a list of _ my kids willneed for the coming season.AwhyBwhatChowDwhich考向分析考向分析从近几年高考试题可以看出,对于并列句和复合句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:1 考查并列句中 and,but,or 等连词的选用,表示原因的 for 与从属连词 because,since的区别,以及 when 和 while 作为并列连词的用法,做题时一定要明确前后句的逻辑关系和语境意义。2考查名词性从句中引导词的选用,区分 what,th
4、at,whever,whether,if 等连接代词和连接副词的语义功能和语法功能。尤其是把名词性从句与定语从句放在一起进行综合考查,增加了试题的难度。3考查定语从句中引导词的选用,重点是关系代词与关系副词的辨别,以及“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句,其中对 as,which,whose 用法的考查呈上升趋势。定语从句与名词性从句、状语从句和强调结构的综合考查也是考查的热点。另外还要特别注意以下两种定语从句:(1)以抽象地点名词(mark,situation,case,point,scene,business 等)和抽象时间名词(occasion 等)作先行词的定语从句中关系词的使用。(2)“隔
5、离型”定语从句。即运用插入语、介词或副词短语等手段使先行词远离关系代词或关系副词,以达到增加试题难度的效果。4考查状语从句中引导词的选用,其中时间、条件、地点、让步状语从句是考查的重点。一定要把握主句、从句间的语意及逻辑关系,注意区分不同从属连词的语义功能和语法功能。热点例析热点例析考点一:butbut,whilewhile,howeverhowever 的区别but 表示意义的转折;while 既表示转折又表示对比;however 为表示转折意义的副词,常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。I like football,while my sister likes basketball.She has
6、 difficulty in learning English;however,she works hard and is makingrapid progress.-2-【典例分析】(2011 全国高考,25)Someone wants you on the phone._ nobody knows I am here.AAlthoughBAndCButDSo答案为 C 项。根据句意可知前后两句明显为转折关系,因此选 C 项。句意:有人给你打电话。可是没有人知道我在这儿。(2012 四川高考,4)At school,some students are active_some are shy,
7、yet theycan be good friends with one another.AwhileBalthoughCsoDas答案为 A 项。句意:在学校里,有些学生很积极,然而有些很害羞。但他们彼此都可能成为好朋友。while 用作并列连词时表示转折对比,意为“然而”,符合句意。考点二:“祈使句and/orand/or陈述句”句型在该句型中,前面的祈使句表示了条件,后面的陈述句表示了结果。如果前后句表示顺延意义,中间的连词用 and,相当于“if 条件状语从句主句”;如果前、后句表示转折意义,中间的连词用 or,相当于“否定的 if 条件状语从句主句”。如:Work hard and
8、you will succeed.(If you work hard,you will succeed.)Hurry up,or well be late.(If we dont hurry up,well be late.)在上面的句型中,有时前面的祈使句可省略为名词词组。如:One more word and I will beat you.【典例分析】(2011 辽宁高考,31)Bring the flowers into a warm room _ theyllsoon open.AorBandCbutDfor答案为 B 项。该题为“祈使句and/or陈述句”句型。根据题意判断前后句为
9、顺承关系,所以选连词 and。考点三:并列连词 whenwhen 和 forfor 的用法1when 可用作并列连词,表示“就在这时;就在那时(突然发生了某事)”。如:We were ready to rush away,when the snake moved.2for 可用作并列连词,表示补充说明的原因。如:We had better stay at home,for it was raining.【典例分析】(2011 浙江高考,4)One Friday,we were packing to leave for aweekendaway _ my daughter heard cries
10、 for help.AafterBwhileCsinceDwhen答案为 D 项。句意:有一个星期五,我们正在收拾行李去度周末,这时我的女儿听到求救声。be doing.when.表示“正在做某事,这时(突然)”。考点四:主语从句的引导词1连接代词 who,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever 等有意义,在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语等,尤其要注意 what 引导的主语从句是高考命题的热点。如:What he wants to tell us is not clear.Who will win the match is still unkno
11、wn.2连接副词 when,where,why,how 等有意义,在从句中作状语。如:Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.3连词 that,whether(不用 if)无意义或意义不完整,在从句中不担任成分。如:That he will come and help you is certain.Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.4what 引导主语从句时为连接代词,有意义,表示“的东西;的事情”,既起引导作用,又
12、在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;that 引导主语从句时为连词,无意义,只起引导作用,不在从句中作成分,但不可省略。-3-【典例分析】(2012 上海高考,38)Weve only got this small bookcase.Will thatdo?No,_ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.AwhoBthatCwhatDwhich答案为 C 项。分析句子成分可知,is 之前为主语从句,从句中 am looking for 缺少宾语,故选 what 表示“的东西”。句意:我们只有这个小书橱了,这可以吗?不行,我要找的是
13、大一点而且再结实一点的东西。(2012 天津高考,9)It doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossing both roads lead to the park.AwhetherBhowCifDwhen答案为 A 项。句意:在十字路口,你是向右拐还是向左拐都无所谓,两条路都通向那个公园。根据句中的 or 判断应选 A 项引导主语从句,构成 whether.or.结构表示选择关系。该句中 It 为形式主语,真正的主语是 whether you turn right or left at the crossing。(2012 江西高考
14、,25)It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in theoffice.AwhetherBwhereCwhichDthat答案为 D 项。句意:他突然想起他把钥匙落在办公室里了。分析句子结构可知 It 是形式主语,真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句,that 引导主语从句在从句中不作成分,但不能省略。考点五:表语从句的引导词1连接代词 who,whose,what,which 等有意义,在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如:Thats just what I want.The question is who will be
15、the next president of France.2连接副词 when,where,why,how 等有意义,在从句中作状语。如:This is where our problem lies.That is why he didnt come to the meeting.3连词 that,whether(不用 if),as if,as though 无意义或意义不完整,在从句中不担任成分。如:The problem is that they cant get here early enough.The point is whether we should lend him the m
16、oney.It looks as if its going to rain.【典例分析】(2011 陕西高考,15)Id like to start my own businessthats _Id do if I had the money.AwhyBwhenCwhichDwhat答案为 D 项。thats 后面的表语从句不完整,do 缺少宾语,可排除连接副词 why 和 when;which 意为“哪一个”,不合句意;答案为 D 项,what Id do 意为“我要做的事情”。(2010 江苏高考,35)I prefer shutting myself in and listening t
17、o music all dayon Sundays.Thats_I dont agree.You should have a more active life.AwhereBhowCwhenDwhat答案为 A 项。根据句意判断应选 A 项,由 where 引导表语从句。句意:那就是我不同意之处。考点六:宾语从句的引导词1连接代词 who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever等有意义,在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语等,what 引导宾语从句在近几年高考试题中-4-考查的频率最高。如:In ones own home
18、 one can do what one likes.She will give whoever needs help a warm support.【典例分析】(2012 福建高考,35)We promise _ attends the party a chance tohave a photo taken with the movie star.AwhoBwhomCwhoeverDwhomever答案为 C 项。promise sb.sth.意为“向某人承诺某事”,此处指的是向参加聚会的任何人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会,所以应选 whoever 引导宾语从句,相当于 anyone who
19、。(2012 陕西高考,20)As many as five courses are provided,and you are free to choose_ suits you best.AwhateverBwhicheverCwheneverDwherever答案为 B 项。whatever 意为“无论什么”;whichever 意为“无论哪一个”;whenever意为“无论何时”;wherever 意为“无论何处”。分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中作主语,且根据句意可知应选 B 项。句意:提供的课程多达五种,你可以选择最适合你的任意一种。2连接副词 when,where,why,how 等
20、有意义,在从句中作状语。如:Do you know where the accident happened?She always thinks of how she can work well.【典例分析】(2010 全国高考,10)Have you finished the book?No.Ive read up to _ the children discover the secret cave.AwhichBwhatCthatDwhere答案为 D 项。“_ the children discover the secret cave”在句中作介词 to 的宾语,由于从句中不缺少主语和宾语
21、,可排除 A、B 项的连接代词;根据句意判断,所选的词应该在从句中作地点状语,故选 where,表示“我读到孩子们发现神秘山洞的地方了”。(2012 四川高考,17)Scientists study_human brains work to make computers.AwhenBhowCthatDwhether答案为 B 项。句意:科学家通过研究人类大脑是如何运转来制造出电脑的。该句中说明的是大脑运转的方式,因此应选 how 引导该宾语从句。3连词 that,whether,if 无意义或意义不完整,在从句中不担任成分。与 or not 连用常用 whether,而不用 if;作介词宾语要
22、用 whether 不能用 if;从句是否定句时一般用 if引导。如:Everything depends on whether we have enough money.He doesnt care if it isnt a fine day.【典例分析】(2012 北京高考,24)Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt_ he could have expressed it differently.AwhyBhowCthatDwhether答案为 C 项。句意:杰瑞不后悔作出评论,但他觉得他本可以用另一种方式表达。分析句子结构可知所
23、填部分在句中引导宾语从句,且从句中不需要成分和意义,所以选 C 项。考点七:同位语从句的引导词1 同位语从句常放在 fact,idea,truth,hope,wish,problem,question,information,news,belief,thought,doubt,message,order,promise,word,evidence,reply,answer,possibility,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request 等名词后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释说明,通常指的是前面名词的内容或含义。2同位语从句大多由 that 引导,也可
24、以由 when,where,how,whether 等引导。近几年主要考查的是 that 引导的同位语从句。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.3引导同位语从句的 that 只起引导作用,无意义也不在从句中作成分,但一般不可省-5-略;引导定语从句的 that 既起引导作用,又在从句中作主语或宾语,本身含有先行词的意义,作宾语时常可省略。如:The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong.(同位语从句。that在从句中不作成分,从句说明了 i
25、dea 的内容。)The idea(that)you put forward at the meeting is wrong.(定语从句。that 含有idea 的意思,在从句中作 put forward 的宾语。)(2012 江苏高考,27)The notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meetingwould be postponed.AwhenBthatCwhetherDhow答案为 B 项。空后的句意说明了通知的内容,所以选择的是 notice 后面同位语从句的引导词,由于从句意义完整,不需要句子成分,所以应选连词 that。(20
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