广东省2013年高考英语二轮复习 题型技法指导专题二 语法填空.doc

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1、-1-20132013 年高考第二轮复习英语广东版年高考第二轮复习英语广东版 题型技法指导题型技法指导专题二专题二语法填空语法填空真题试做真题试做（2012广东高考）Mary will never forget the first time she saw him.He suddenly appeared in classone day，_1_（wear）sun glasses.He walked in as if he _2_（buy）the school.Andthe word quickly got around that he was from New York City.For so

2、me reason he sat beside Mary.Mary felt _3_（please），because there weremany empty seats in the room.But she quickly realized that it wasnt her，it wasprobably the fact that she sat in _4_ last row._5_ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back，he was wrong.Itmight have made it a little

3、 _6_（hard）for everybody because it meant they had toturn around，but that didnt stop the kids in the class.Of course whenever they turnedto look at him，they had to look at Mary，_7_made her feel like a star.“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons？”the teacher asked.The newboy shook his head.“Th

4、en Id appreciate it if you didnt wear them in class.I liketo look at your eyes when Im speaking to you.”The new boy looked at the teacher_8_ a few seconds and all the other students wondered _9_ the boy would do.Thenhe took _10_ off，gave a big smile and said“Thats cool.”考向分析考向分析语法填空命题特点：1短文长度为 15020

5、0 词之间，其中 2012 年高考题为 234 词。2命题形式：（1）纯空格题，一般设 67 题，要求考生根据语境在空格处填入适当的词。主要考查代词、冠词、连词和介词。（2）提供单词原形：一般设 34 题，主要提供的是动词、形容词、名词三大类，要求考生根据语境写出正确的词形。3考查语法范围：从考试说明和近几年的高考题来看，试题主要涉及时态、语态、非谓语动词、代词、冠词、连词、介词等语法知识的正确运用。答题步骤答题步骤一、通读全文，了解主旨大意语法填空题以语篇的形式考查英语语法知识的综合运用，所以认真阅读试题，弄清文章叙述线索、主旨大意、主要情节和作者写作目的非常重要，因为只有对整篇文章理解准确

6、才可能将每个空格处的单词填写正确。做本题切忌急于求成，看一句填一句，而应先通读全文，了解文章大意。二、尝试填空，解决较易空格在把握主题的基础上，了解空格处在文中的逻辑关系，界定空格处的语法功能和作用，确定所填词的词性，然后根据上下文确定它的意义，最后落实到具体的一个词语上去。这样环环相扣，步步为营，稳步推进，达到缩小选择范围的目的。如：We go to school，above all，_（learn）how to learn，so that when we leaveschool we can continue to learn.解题指导：解题指导：learn 为动词，主句中已有谓语动词 g

7、o，可以排除考查时态的可能性，确定是考查非谓语动词。从句子结构看空格处应当作目的状语，在非谓语动词中能作目的状语的只有不定式，故答案为 to learn。答案：答案：to learn-2-三、再读检查，修正错误做完题后，应该静下心来，仔细复读全文，检查自己所填的词语是否符合原意，从语意贯通、逻辑合理的角度，认真复查答案的合理性和正确性，尤其注意动词、连词、介词的搭配以及名词的形式等。规律方法规律方法一、纯空格题解题技巧纯空格题没有英语单词提示，也没有中文提示，这是最难的一种形式，也是考得最多的一种形式，如在 2011 年高考中占了 10 个题目中的 6 个。这种形式的题目需要考生根据对短文整体

8、逻辑关系的把握及生活常识等确定空格处在句中的功能，界定词性，进而确定它的意义，最后确定它的形式。1根据句子成分判断词性在填这类空格时，可以根据句子的结构和所填词的句法功能，判断是用形容词还是副词，是用动词还是名词等。如修饰名词，前面通常用冠词、形容词或名词；如修饰动词和整个句子，通常用副词；如作谓语，应用动词；如作主语或宾语，通常用名词、代词；系动词后面常用形容词，而不用副词等。如：【例 1】He looked _ at the children.（根据上下文语境可知表示“生气”。）【例 2】He looked _ at the news on the radio.（根据上下文语境可知表示“生

9、气”。）解题指导解题指导：第一句的 looked 为实义动词，后接副词，答案为 angrily。第二句的“at thenews”相当于“on hearing the news”，looked 为系动词，后接形容词，答案为 angry。答案：答案：1angrily2angry2根据句子类型判断词类我们都知道，若两个或几个简单句之间是逗号，可以判断，一定是填连词。连词有两类，一类是并列连词，一类是从属连词。我们可以根据句子的类型判断所要填的词类。（1）连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列连词 and，or，but 等。（2）若两个句子（有两个主谓结构）之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处

10、必定是填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句（多要求考生填 and，but，while，when，or 等）还是某种主从复合句。然后根据各类从句的特点，结合连接词的意义和用法，确定填具体的某个连词。【例 1】（2012 广东广州高考调研交流试题英语试卷）Long long ago，in a small andfaraway village，there was a place known as the House of 1,000 Mirrors.A little happydog learned of this place _ decid

11、ed to visit it.解题指导解题指导：分析句子结构可知此空要填一个连词，有两个谓语 learned 和 decided，且为先后关系，因此填连词 and。答案：答案：and【例 2】（2012 广东高考真题）Of course whenever they turned to look at him，theyhad to look at Mary，_ made her feel like a star.解题指导：解题指导：逗号之前为一个句子，之后也有一个句子，分析结构可知需一个连接词引导非限制性定语从句，且修饰前面整个句子，因此填 which。答案：答案：which【例 3】（2011

12、 广州一模）It got its name during the industrial revolution，_factory pollution turned the local skies black and coal dust from the mines made thesoil the same colour.解题指导解题指导：分析句子结构可知此空要填一个连接词，修饰先行词 industrial revolution，引导非限制性定语从句，应用 when。答案：答案：when3根据固定搭配和常用句型确定答案固定搭配及习惯用法是属于比较简单的考点，只要平时注意积累基本上就能答对。【例题

13、】（2011 广东四校联考）Also we dont have to worry about our personalproperty.As is said，freedom is not something you are given，but something you have-3-to fight _.解题指导：解题指导：考查固定搭配。fight for.意为“为了而奋斗”。答案：答案：for二、单词提示题解题技巧这种形式的题是指空格后有单词提示，主要考查实词词形变化和词性转换。1考查动词的时态和语态如果提示词是动词，又能判断出是作谓语时，首先应判断其时态和语态。【例题】（2012 广东佛

14、山二模）The organization _（found）in 1863，and was basedon an idea by a Swiss businessman called Henry Dunant.解题指导：解题指导：此句为 and 连词的并列句，且第一句无谓语，再考虑时态和语态，根据时间状语 in 1863 可知此处用一般过去时态的被动语态。答案：答案：was founded2考查非谓语动词如果一个句子已有谓语动词，且不是并列谓语动词时，所给动词就要用非谓语形式，这时要根据此非谓语动词所作的句子成分使用恰当的形式。【例 1】（2011 广州二模）The part _（blame）i

15、s your diaphragm，the muscle atthe bottom of your chest.解题指导：解题指导：考查非谓语动词，句中已有 is，此空填的词用作后置定语修饰名词 part。答案：答案：to blame【例 2】（2012 广州二模）The main finding of the 30country survey is that equalitybetween men and women is vital to _（improve）living standards and health，especially for children in developing c

16、ountries.解题指导：解题指导：考查非谓语动词，be vital to 后面接动名词。答案：答案：improving3考查词性转换和确定词性这是语法填空的必考点，如 2011 年便考查了形容词 mental 转换成副词 mentally 修饰形容词。做题时，考生应根据该词在句中所作的句子成分来确定用哪种形式。具体方法有：（1）作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。（2）作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。（3）在冠词、形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词形容词”后，用名词形式。（4）修饰动词、形容词或副词作状语，用副词形式。（5）若是词义转换题，词类不用变，主要是考查具有与词根意义

17、相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加 un，im或在词根后加less 等。【例 1】（2011 广州二模）And maybe the most famous _（treat），having someonescare you，also helps beat the hiccups.解题指导：解题指导：空前 the most famous 为形容词最高级，故其后应用名词形式。答案：答案：treatment【例 2】（2012 广东湛江一中 5 月模拟考试）At this point，the game is stopped fora few minutes and the coac

18、h gathers the team to discuss _17_（adjust）which areneeded to get the players back on track and to perform more _18_（effect）.解题指导：解题指导：第 17 题所给 adjust 为动词，此处应填名词 adjustment，作动词 discuss 的宾语，也为后面定语从句的先行词；第 18 题所给词 effect 本身为名词，在句中修饰动词perform，因此应改为副词形式。答案：答案：adjustment；effectively4形容词和副词的比较级此考点也是高考的常考点，

19、比如2010年的广东高考试题语法填空题便考查了形容词sweet的比较级形式 sweeter。复习的重点是比较级和最高级的基本用法和特殊句式，以及在形容词或副词前填 less，least 等构成的降级比较。【例题】（2011 广东佛山顺德期末）They have a secret switch which makes the metersmuch _（fast）.-4-解题指导：解题指导：前面由 much 修饰，因此使用比较级。答案：答案：faster误区警示误区警示1忽视语篇和语境Behind him were other people to _21_ he was trying to tal

20、k，but after some minutes_22_ walked away and sat near me，looking annoyed.错混透析错混透析：22they本题易误填 he 或者 people。考生因为没有考虑到语境而弄不清此空要填什么人称代词。解题指导解题指导：由句子结构分析可知此处缺少主语，且谓语说明的是上文提到的 other people，故要填人称代词主格 they。做语法填空题时考生考虑上下文联系，不可忽视语篇和语境而只从语法角度考虑，因为语法填空题一大出题点是语言知识在具体篇章中的运用，更加强调语言的交际功能。2忽视语法，逻辑失误When Jane got ho

21、me，with her small but wellchosen present in her bag，her parentswere already _9_ table having supper.Her mother was excited.“Your father has atlast decided to stop smoking，”Jane _10_（inform）.错混透析：错混透析：10.was informed考生易误填 informed 或 is informed。解题指导：解题指导：因 Jane 与 inform 是动宾关系，故用被动语态；又因为全文是一般过去时，故用一般过

22、去时的被动语态。语法填空题另一大出题点是考查考生语法知识的掌握程度，因此解题时考生应凭借扎实的语法基本功熟练分析句子的结构，应具有较强的句法分析能力。3定式干扰，误入陷阱Besides，shopping at this time of the year was not _3_ pleasant experience：people stepped on your feet or _4_（push）you with their elbows（肘部），hurryingahead to get to a bargain.错混透析：错混透析：3a考生可能误填定冠词 the。考生易受 experience

23、 表示“经验”时为不可数名词的干扰，认为此处不可能用不定冠词。解题指导：解题指导：experience 当意为“经历”时，是可数名词，a pleasant experience 表示“一次愉快的经历”。4忽视固定搭配和常用句型The teacher replied，“You tasted the water.I tasted the gift.The water was simplythe container for an act of kindness and love.Nothing could be _9_（sweet）.”错混透析：错混透析：9.sweeter由于考生知识掌握不牢固，忘

24、记了固定句型，可能会误填 sweet或 unsweet 或 sweety。解题指导：解题指导：考查固定句型，用 sweet 的比较级和否定代词 nothing 搭配表示最高级的意义。在平时的备考中考生要善于积累，掌握一些重要的固定搭配和常用句型，并注意结合具体的语境加以融会贯通，以达到熟练掌握的目的。5审题不细导致失误Jane was walking round the department store.She remembered how difficult _1_was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wi

25、shed that he was aseasy _2_（please）as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume.错混透析：错混透析：1.it本题考生容易误填 that。这是因为考生没有认真分析句子结构，没有看清所填的成分是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。这是由于审题不细而导致的失误。解题指导：解题指导：it 在宾语从句中作形式主语，真正的主语是 to choose.。考生在做语法填空题时应认真分析整个句子的结构，分析所填空格词的词性，以得出正确答案。6忽略标点It was a winter morning，just befo

26、re Christmas，when most people were warmingup their cars，my husband，Trevor，had to ride his bike 4 kilometers away from hometo work.On his _1_（arrive），he parked his bike outside the back door _2_-5-usual.After 10 hours of labor，he returned to find his bike gone，_3_ was our onlytransport.错混透析错混透析：3.whi

27、ch此题考生易误填答案 that。由于没有注意前面有逗号，认为引导定语从句也可以填连接词 that。解题指导：解题指导：which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 his bike，且在从句中作主语。标点符号一直没有引起考生的重视，但标点符号的正确使用会帮助考生提高分析问题和解决问题的能力。因此考生应树立正确的标点符号认识观。一、基础题（一）（一）（2012深圳二模）Have you ever lived abroad？When living overseas in a place where people speaka different language，_1_ can be diff

28、icult to make yourself understood even in _2_（relative）simple but important areas of life，like shopping and getting aroundtown.It can be really upset trying to ask for something in a store or to tell thetaxi driver _3_ you are going.Sometimes you may be at a _4_（lose）as to what to do；sometimes you a

29、re certainthat people understand you _5_ are just pretending that they dont；and other timesthey make a very _6_（consider）effort to communicate with you.You should also be prepared to make changes in the diet and get accustomed to_7_ local foods and the limited selection of familiar foods in the stor

30、es andrestaurants.Besides，you will experience some stress and anxiety _8_ you are living in adifferent culture with different values _9_ your own.You may find that some of yourcherished and deeply _10_（hold）values about life may not be equally importantto members of your new host culture.（二）（二）（2012

31、广东汕头二模）One day a young man was standing in the middle of the town proclaiming（宣告）that he had the most beautiful heart in the whole valley.A large crowd _1_（gather），and they all admired his heart for it was perfect.Suddenly，an old man appeared and said，“Why，your heart is not nearly as beautifulas _2_

32、.”The crowd and the young man looked at the old mans heart，which was fullof scars.It had places where pieces had been removed and other _3_（piece）put in，but they didnt fit quite right，and there were several jagged（锯齿状的）edges.Infact，in some places there were deep gouges（沟槽）where whole pieces were _4_

33、（miss）.The young man laughed.“Comparing your heart with mine，mine is perfect and yoursis a mess of scars.”“Yes，”said the old man，“Yours looks perfect _5_ I would never trade withyou.You see，every scar represents a person to _6_ I have given my love.I tear outa piece of my heart and give it to them，a

34、nd often they give me a piece of their heartthat fits into the empty place in my heart.But because the pieces arent exact，Ihave some rough edges，which I cherish，because they remind me of _7_ love weshared.Sometimes I have given pieces of my heart away，and the other person hasntreturned a piece of hi

35、s or her heart _8_ me.These are the empty gouges.Althoughthese gouges are painful，they stay open，_9_（remind）me of the love I have forthose people.So now do you see _10_ true beauty is？”（三）（三）（2012广东珠海第一中学高考模拟试题）-6-Surveys show that although a man and a woman have the same level or handle thesame pos

36、ition in an organization，the man would get a higher or bigger compensationpackage（薪酬）compared _1_ women.Because of this，many women just hold subordinatepositions _2_（content）in finance，human resources，sales，manufacturing and othersupportive roles.There are still _3_ barriers that prevent women from

37、_4_（reach）their fullpotentials in the world of employment.Our culture does not encourage women to excelin government _5_ in businessrelated jobs.Women who are able to make it on topand handle leadership roles are sometimes regarded merely _6_ tokens（象征）.Theirabilities and skills _7_（question）by thei

38、r own peers，and sadly even by otherwomen._8_ you are a woman who has the interest，ability and drive to pursue managementcareers，career counseling is of great help to give you direction and increasemotivation to pursue your career goals._9_ will help you have the selfconfidenceto get you in the same

39、career opportunities open to men in this society _10_ menare preferred for top level positions.（四）（四）（2012广东湛江一中高三 5 月份模拟考试）What Patricia Pania wanted to be was a mother and homemaker.But _1_ life wasturned upside down when a motorist _2_（distract）by his cell phone，ran a stopsign and crashed into th

40、e side of her car.The impact killed her 2yearolddaughter.Four months later，Pania reluctantly but _3_（courage）decided to try toeducate the public and to fight _4_ laws to ban drivers from using cell phones _5_a car is moving.In her first speech，Pania was visibly trembling and her voice wassoft and un

41、certain.But as she got into her speech，a dramatic _6_（transform）took place.She stopped _7_（shake）and spoke with _8_ strong voice.For the restof her talk，she was a forceful and compelling speaker.She wanted everyone in theaudience to know _9_ she knew without having to learn it from a personal traged

42、y.Manyin the audience were moved to tears and to action.In subsequent presentations，Paniagained reputation _10_ a highly effective speaker.（五）（五）（2012广东珠海第二次高三英语模拟试题）Ma Wendi is used to curious glances _1_ she walks six dogs at the same time.Theyare not all hers._2_ 25yearold veterinary graduate is

43、a fulltime dog walker.“I have to take care of twelve dogs at most，”said Ma.She charges 500yuana month per dog，and most customers leave their dogs at her house for a week.The _3_（busy）time is around the Spring Festival，because many people go back to theirhometowns for family reunions _4_ go traveling

44、.“_5_（compare）with people who have to be in their offices during the day，I dont have to get up early _6_（squeeze）into the subway carriages in the rushhour，and I still make a decent salary，”she said.“But its a tiring job.I have to work whenever there are dogs at home，and notime to enjoy _7_.Sometimes

45、 I want to go out for a meal or shopping，but I cantdo so _8_ I worry about them，”she said.Ma knows _9_ the dogs names，and when she calls ones name，the dog instantlyknows she _10_（refer）to it.（六）（六）（2012广东汕头一模）My friend Vernon Davies kept birds.One day he phoned and told me he was goingaway for a wee

46、k.He asked me to feed _1_ birds for him and said that he would leavethe key _2_ his front door in my mailbox.-7-_3_（fortunate），I forgot all about the birds until the night before Vernonwas going to return.What was worse，_4_ was already dark when I arrived at his house.Isoon found that the key Vernon

47、 gave me could not unlock either the front door _5_the back door.I was getting desperate.I kept thinking of _6_ Vernon would say whenhe came back.I was just going to give up _7_ I noticed that one bedroom window was slightlyopen.I found a barrel and pushed it under the window.As the barrel was very

48、heavy，I made a lot of noise.But in the end，I managed to climb _8_ and open the window.I actually had one leg inside the bedroom when I suddenly realized that someone_9_（shine）a torch up at me.I looked down and saw a policeman and an old lady，one of Vernons neighbours.“What are you doing up there？”sa

49、id the policeman._10_（feel）like a complete fool，I replied，“I was just going to feed Mr.Davies birds.”（七）（七）（2012广东广州二模）Inequality between men and women results in poorer health for children and greaterfamily poverty（贫穷），according to a new study.The UN agency chief found that，_1_ the situation has sl

50、ightly improved，many women are still not included in familydecisions，_2_ as a result their children are more likely to suffer from poor health.The main finding of the 30country survey is that equality between men and womenis vital to _3_（improve）living standards and health，especially for childrenin